REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – REGION III

SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE – CITY OF MALOLOS
8
MARCELO H. DEL PILAR NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Bagong Bayan, City of Malolos, Bulacan | School ID: 300751 | Tel. No. 795-5343
www.marcelodelpilarnhs.com | [email protected]
 

Learning Activity Sheets

in

Mathematics
(Quarter 4)

Mathematics – Grade 8

i
 Learning Activity Sheets

Quarter 4

Content Standards
The learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts of inequalities in a triangle, and
parallel and perpendicular lines.
Performance Standards
The learner is able to communicate mathematical thinking with coherence and clarity in
formulating, investigating, analyzing, and solving real-life problems involving triangle
inequalities, and parallelism and perpendicularity of lines using appropriate and accurate
representations.
Most Essential Learning Competencies
Week 1: The learner illustrates theorems on triangle inequalities (Exterior Angle Inequality
Theorem, Triangle Inequality Theorem, Hinge Theorem).
Week 2: The learner applies theorems on triangle inequalities.
Week 3: The learner proves inequalities in a triangle.
Week 4: The learner determines the conditions under which lines and segments are parallel
or perpendicular.

Content Standards
The learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts of probability.
Performance Standards
The learner is able to formulate and solve practical problems involving probability of simple events.
Most Essential Learning Competencies
Week 5: The learner illustrates an experiment, outcome, sample space and event.
Week 6: The learner counts the number of occurrences of an outcome in an experiment:
(a)table; (b)tree diagram; (c)systematic listing; and (d)fundamental counting principle.
Week 7: The learner finds the probability of a simple event.
Week 8: The learner illustrates an experimental probability and a theoretical probability. The
learner solves problems involving probabilities of simple events.

Contributors: Emma C. Garcia

Perla B. Laxa
Charito P. Ferrer
Chelsie D. De Luna
Emer D.C. Narciso
Richard M. Cruz
Reviewer: Emma C. Garcia
Layout Artist: Richard M. Cruz

Week 1: Illustrating Theorems on Triangle Inequalities ………………………..……………………….. 1

Contents
ii
 Practice Exercise A ………………………………………......………………………. 2
Practice Exercise B ……………………………………..……………………………. 4
Practice Exercise C …………………………………......……………………………. 6
Practice Exercise D ……………………………………..……………………………. 7
Assessment ……………………………….……………….……..………………….. 8
Week 2: Applying Theorems on Triangle Inequalities …………………..…………...………………….. 10
Practice Exercise ………………………………………………..……………………. 14
Assessment ……………………………………………..…..……………………….. 15
Week 3: Proving Inequalities in a Triangle …..…………………………………………………………… 17
Review ………..…………………..……………………………………………...……. 17
Activity 1 ………..………………………………………………………………...……. 18
Activity 2 ………..…………………………………………...…………………………. 19
Activity 3 ………..………………………………………………...……………………. 20
Activity 4 ………..……………………………………………………...………………. 21
Activity 5 ………..…………………………………………………………...…………. 22
Activity 6 ………..………………………………………………………………...……. 23
Assessment …………………………………………………..…………………….... 24
Performance Task No. 1: Fan Making ……………………..……………………. 27
Week 4: Determining the Conditions Under Which Lines and Segments are Parallel or Perpendicular 28
Activity 1 ……………..……………………………………………...…………………. 29
Activity 2 ……………..…………………………………………………...……………. 30
Practice Exercise ……………………………………………………………..………. 36
Assessment ………………………………………………….…………..………….. 37
Performance Task No. 2: Carnival Vicinity Map……….……………..………. 40
Week 5: Illustrating an Experiment, Outcome, Sample Space and Event ……………………...…... 41
Practice Exercise.………………………………………………………..……………. 45
Assessment …………………………………………….…………………..……….. 46
Week 6: Counting the Number of Occurrences of an Outcome in an Experiment ……………….. 48
Activity 1 ………..…………………………………………………………...…………. 48
Activity 2 ………..………………………………………………...……………………. 53
Activity 3 ………..…………………………………………………...…………………. 53
Assessment …………………………………….……….…………..……………….. 53
Performance Task No. 3: Street Food Tree Diagram ..…………..……………. 57
Week 7: Finding the Probability of a Simple Event …………………………………….………………... 58
Activity 1 ………..…………………………………...…………………………………. 58
Activity 2 ………..………………………………...……………………………………. 59
Activity 3 ………..…………………………...…………………………………………. 62
Activity 4 ………..……………………………...………………………………………. 64
Assessment ………………………………..……………..………………………….. 64
Week8 Lesson 1: Illustrating an Experimental Probability and a Theoretical Probability ……… 66
Review of Theoretical Probability .…...…….………………………………………. 66
Activity 1 ………..………………………………..……………………………………. 67
Activity 2 ………..………………………………..……………………………………. 69
Week8 Lesson 2: Solving Problems Involving Probabilities of Simple Events……………………. 70
Activity 1 ………..………………………………………………………...……………. 71
Activity 2 ………..………………………………………………………...……………. 75
Assessment …………………………………………….…..….…………………….. 75
Performance Task No. 4: Chance of a Lifetime…………...……………………. 78

iii
 Week 1
Illustrating Theorems on
Triangle Inequality
Learning Competency
The learner illustrates theorems on triangle inequalities (Exterior Angle
Inequality Theorem, Triangle Inequality Theorem, Hinge Theorem). M8GE-IVa-1

Background Information for the Learner

The triangle is truly a special type of polygon. Having three interior angles
and three sides, its properties form different theorems that just work like magic!
Let’s discover the theorems on triangle inequalities to know more about our friendly
shape, the magical triangle.
On this learning activity sheets, you will illustrate the triangle inequality
theorems involving the exterior angle inequality, triangle inequality, and hinge
theorems. Knowing these theorems will make you understand that a specific type of
triangle limits the possibilities following the rules on sides, interior and exterior
angles. Be ready and explore the theorems on triangles!

Throughout the learning activity sheet, you will be able to illustrate triangle
inequalities in one triangle and two triangles.

Side – Angle Relationship Theorem

Take a look on the relationships of the sides and angles of the given triangle.

90
6.1cm The largest angle and the longest side
3.5cm are opposite each other.

60 30
7cm

90
6.1cm The smallest angle and the shortest side
3.5cm
are opposite each other.

60 30
7cm
1
 Side – Angle Relationship Theorem
Triangle Inequality Theorem 1:
Ss → Aa: The longest side is opposite the largest angle.
Ss → Aa: The shortest side is opposite the smallest angle.
Triangle Inequality Theorem 2:
Aa → Ss: The largest angle is opposite the longest side.
Aa → Ss: The smallest angle is opposite the shortest side.

Using these relationships, we can arrange the sides from longest to shortest
following the angles listed from largest to smallest, respectively.
A
IF Longest to shortest side: AB , BC , CA
THEN Largest to smallest angle: C, A, B
or
IF Largest to smallest angle: C, A, B
THEN Longest to shortest side: AB , BC , CA
C B

Practice Exercise A:
Answer the following questions. Use a separate sheet of paper.
1. In ∆EFG, the longest side is EF , which is the largest angle?
A. G B. E C. F D. cannot be determined
2. In ∆EFG, the shortest side is EG , which is the smallest angle?
A. F B. G C. E D. cannot be determined
3. In ∆EFG, FG is neither the longest nor the shortest side, which angle is neither
the largest nor the smallest?
A. F B. G C. E D. cannot be determined
4. In ∆EFG, the smallest angle is F, which is the shortest side?
A. EF B. FG C. EG D. cannot be determined
5. In ∆EFG, the largest angle is G, which is the longest side?
A. EF B. FG C. EG D. cannot be determined

Triangle Inequality Theorem

Can I form a triangle
Take a look on the sticks with the following lengths: using these sticks?

6cm
9cm
15cm

2
Let’s try forming a triangle using the sticks given above.

9cm 6cm We found out that we cannot form a triangle

using the given sticks but why not?
15cm
We can say that if the sum of the lengths of two sticks is equal to the length
of the third stick, then we cannot form a triangle. How about cutting the some
portion of the longest stick? 9cm 6cm
9cm 6cm 9cm 6cm

14cm 13cm 12cm

We noticed that as we shorten the third stick, we can form a triangle but up
to what extent? Using the 9cm and 6cm sticks, what should be the length of the
third stick so that it will not be possible to form a triangle? Let’s create a table.

Can you
st nd rd
1 stick 2 stick 3 stick form a
triangle? 1st stick + 2nd stick = 3rd stick
9cm 6cm 15cm No
9cm 6cm 14cm Yes
9cm 6cm 13cm Yes
9cm 6cm 12cm Yes
9cm 6cm 11cm Yes
9cm 6cm 10cm Yes
1st stick + 2nd stick > 3rd stick
9cm 6cm 9cm Yes
1st stick + 3rd stick > 2nd stick
9cm 6cm 8cm Yes 2nd stick + 3rd stick > 1st stick
9cm 6cm 7cm Yes
9cm 6cm 6cm Yes
9cm 6cm 5cm Yes
9cm 6cm 4cm Yes
9cm 6cm 3cm No 2nd stick + 3rd stick = 1st stick
Using the table shown above, we can now conclude that the sum of the
lengths of the two sticks must always be greater than the length of the other stick
to form a triangle. We can also say that we cannot form a triangle if the sum of the
lengths of the two sticks is equal or less than the length of the other stick. We now
come up with the triangle inequality theorem if we consider the sticks as the sides
of a triangle.

Triangle Inequality Theorem 3: S1+ S2 > S3

In any triangle, the sum of the lengths of any two of its sides is greater than
the length of its third side.

This can be illustrated as: Here’s an example:

b a+b>c 10 8 + 10 > 11 (18 > 11) 

a 8
a+c>b 8 + 11 > 10 (19 > 10) 
c+b>a 11 + 10 > 8 (21 > 8) 

c 11

3
Practice Exercise B:
Answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper.
6. Given p, q, and r as the sides of a triangle, which of the following is the correct
inequality of their measures?
A. p + q < r C. r + q < p
B. r < p + q D. r > q + p
7. Given two sides of a triangle whose lengths measure 30cm and 35cm, find the
possible length of the third side.
A. 65cm B. 70cm C. 32cm D. 5cm
8. Choose the set of possible lengths of the sides of a triangle.
A. 5cm, 5cm, 10cm C. 3cm, 9cm, 15cm
B. 7cm, 7cm, 1cm D. 5cm, 10cm, 3cm
9. Given two sides of a triangle whose lengths measure 30cm and 35cm, the
following are all possible length of the third side EXCEPT for ____.
A. 25cm B. 22cm C. 50cm D. 75cm
10. All sets are possible lengths of the sides of a triangle EXCEPT for ____.
A. 27cm, 57cm, 17cm C. 73cm, 59cm, 19cm
B. 57cm, 58cm, 59cm D. 95cm, 100cm, 103cm

Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem

Given that the sum of the interior angles of a triangle is equal to 180, find
the unknown angle.
A

62
Here’s the solution: mC = 180 – 62 – 70
mC = 48

C ? 70 B
If we try extending side CB of the same triangle, we can create an exterior angle.

A
What is an exterior angle?
62 What do you think is the
measure of the exterior angle?
exterior How do we solve for the
angle measure of the exterior angle?
C 48 70
B D
The measure of the exterior angle must be equal to 110.

4
 An exterior angle of a triangle is an
exterior
angle formed by one side of the triangle and the angle
extension of an adjacent side of the triangle.
Here’s the trick:
mA plus mC is equal to the exterior angle. exterior
angle
(48 + 62 = 110)
You can also use the definition of linear exterior
pair and supplementary angles. angle
If ABC and ABD are linear pair, then they are
supplementary which must have a sum equal to
180. Thus, we can use the equation
mABC + mABD = 180.
70 + mABD = 180
70 + mABD – 70 = 180 – 70
mABD = 180– 70
mABD = 110
It’s as easy as 1, 2, 3, right?
Now, we can call this as the Exterior Angle Theorem.
Exterior Angle Theorem
An exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of the two opposite
interior angles.

This theorem can be illustrated as: Here’s an example:

80
120
40

Then this theorem follows the Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem.

Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem
The measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is greater than the measure of
either of the two remote interior angles.

This can be illustrated as: We can express the theorem as an inequality:

remote interiors
>
remote interior mZ > mX
> mZ > mY
X
Z
Y

5
Practice Exercise C:
Refer on the figure below to answer the following questions. Write your
answers on a separate sheet of paper.

11. Which of the following statement is TRUE? D

A. mDAC is greater than mB
B. mDAC is less than mB
C. mDAC is less than mBAC A
D. mBAC is greater than mDAC

12. Which of the following inequality is TRUE?

A. mDAC < mB
B. mDAC < mC C B
C. mDAC > mB
D. mBAC > mDAC

13. Which of the following inequality is TRUE?

A. mDAC < mC C. mDAC > mC
B. mC > mDAC D. mB > mDAC

14. If mDAC = 100, then mCAB = ___.

A. 80 B. 100 C. 180 D. 10

15. If mDAC = 100, then mB + mC = ___.

A. 180 B. 80 C. 100 D. 90

Hinge Theorem

Given two pairs of equal sides each including two different angles, match the
length that fits the missing side of each triangle.

12cm 12cm
? ?
25
42
15cm Which side measures 7cm? 15cm
Which side measures 10cm?

Have you noticed that there is a relationship between the angle of the
triangle and its opposite side? Yes, the triangle with a 25-degree angle should have
the side that measures 7cm. Likewise, the other triangle whose one of the angle
measures 42 should have 10cm as the length of its opposite side.

6
 Hinge Theorem (a.k.a. SAS Triangle Inequality Theorem)
If two sides of a triangle are congruent to two sides of another triangle and
the included angle of the first is larger than the included angle of the second,
then the third side of the first triangle is longer than the third side of the second
triangle.

This theorem can be illustrated as:

P If RQ ≅ CB and PQ ≅ AB and mQ >
mB, A
|| then PR > AC .
||

R | Q C | B

Converse of the Hinge Theorem (a.k.a. SSS Triangle Inequality Theorem)

If two sides of a triangle are congruent to two sides of another triangle and
the third side of the first is longer than the third side of the second, then the
included angle in the first triangle is greater than the included angle in the
second triangle.

This theorem can be illustrated as:

P If RQ ≅ CB and PQ ≅ AB and PR > AC ,
A then mQ >
mB. ||
. ||

R | Q C | B

Practice Exercise D:
Use the illustration below and answer the following questions on a separate
sheet of paper.

M
Given: H
MP ≅ MP
MN ≅ MH

N P
16. Given mNMP > mHMP, identify the side inequalities.
A. NP > PH C.MP < MP

7
 B. NP < PH D. MP > MP

17. Given mNMP = 70 and mHMP = 40, identify the possible side lengths.
A. NP = 5cm, PH = 8cm C. NP = 1cm, PH = 1.5cm
B. NP = 3 cm, PH = 7 cm D. NP = 10cm, PH = 8cm
18. Given NP > PH , identify the angle inequalities.
A. mNMP < mHMP C. mNMP > mHMP
B. mNMP = mHMP D. cannot be determined
19. Given NP = 20cm and PH = 17cm, identify the possible angle measures.
A. mNMP = 50, mHMP = 55
B. mNMP = 68, mHMP = 41
C. mNMP = 65, mHMP = 75
D. mNMP = 57, mHMP = 68
20. If MN ≅ MP ≅ MH and mNMP > mHMP, which of the following congruency
CANNOT BE TRUE?
A. MNP  MPN C. HPM  PHM
B. MPH  MHP D. MNP  MHP

Assessment:
Answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper.
1. In a triangle, the longest side is opposite the ___.
A. largest angle C. smallest angle
B. shortest side D. longest side

2. In a triangle, the largest angle is opposite the ___.

A. smallest angle C. largest angle
B. shortest side D. longest side

3. In a triangle, the ___ is opposite the shortest side.

A. largest angle C. smallest angle
B. longest side D. shortest side

4. In a triangle, the ___ is opposite the smallest angle.

A. smallest angle C. largest angle
B. longest side D. shortest side

5. A/An ___ angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of the two opposite ___ angles.
A. exterior, interior C. exterior, exterior
B. interior, exterior D. interior, interior

6. The measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is ___ than the measure of either
of the two ___ interior angles.
A. greater, remote C. less, remote
B. greater, adjacent D. less, adjacent

8
7. In any triangle, the sum of the lengths of any two of its ___ is greater than the
length of its ___ side.
A. angles, third C. angles, first
B. sides, third D. sides, first

8. If two sides of a triangle are ___ to two sides of another triangle and the included
angle of the first is ___ than the included angle of the second, then the third side
of the first triangle is longer than the third side of the second triangle.
A. different, less C. congruent, less
B. congruent, greater D. different, greater

9. Given the triangle with sides a, b, and c, which inequality is FALSE?

A. a + b > c C. c + b > a
B. c < a + b D. b + a < c

10.Given ∆STU, mU = 45 and mT = 70, identify the set of sides arranged from
shortest to longest.
A. ST , UT , SU C. SU , ST , TU
B. UT , SU, ST D. TS, SU , TU

Answer Key

Practice Exercise A:
1. A
2. A
3. C
4. C
5. A
Practice Exercise B:
6. B
7. C
8. B
9. D
10. A
Practice Exercise C:
11. A
12. C
13. C
14. A
15. C
Practice Exercise D:
16. A
17. D
18. C
19. B
20. D

9
 Week 2
Applying Theorems on
Triangle Inequality
Learning Competency
The learner applies theorems on triangle inequalities. M8GE-IVb-1

Background Information for the Learner

On this learning activity sheets, you will apply different triangle inequality
theorems involving the exterior angle inequality, triangle inequality, and hinge
theorems.

Throughout the learning activity, problem sets will be solved that requires
analytical thinking and good algebraic manipulation.

Side – Angle Relationship Theorem

Triangle Inequality Theorem 1:
Ss → Aa: The longest side is opposite the largest angle.
Ss → Aa: The shortest side is opposite the smallest angle.
Triangle Inequality Theorem 2:
Aa → Ss: The largest angle is opposite the longest side.
Aa → Ss: The smallest angle is opposite the shortest side.

Examples:

List the angles in each triangle from smallest to largest.

1.
18 cm
X
Y

13 cm
20 cm Y, Z, X

Z
M
2.

25 cm
13 cm
P, M, H

P H
15 cm

10
 Find the measure of the missing angles to identify the shortest and longest
sides for each triangle.

3. A

(2x)

C (x + 15) B

Solution:

mA + mB + mC = 180 mA = (2x) mB = (x + 15)

(2x)+ (x + 15)+ 90 = 180 mA = (2•25) mB = (25 + 15)
2x + x + 15 + 90 = 180 mA = 50 mB = 40
3x + 105 = 180
3x + 105 – 105 = 180 – 105 shortest side: AC longest side: AB
3x = 75
x = 25 Note: The hypotenuse is the longest side
of a right triangle.

4.
W
x

(x + 5) 125
Y A
X
Solution:

remote interior +remote interior = exterior 

mW + mY = mWXA mW = x mY = (x + 5)
x + (x + 5) = 125 mW = 60 mY = 65
x + x + 5 = 125
2x + 5 = 125 mWXY = 180 – 125
2x + 5 – 5 = 125 – 5 mWXY = 55
2x = 120
x = 60 shortest side: WY longest side: WX

11
 Triangle Inequality Theorem 3:
In any triangle, the sum of the lengths of any two of its sides is greater than
the length of its third side.

To further understand the triangle inequality theorem involving its sides, let
us solve the given problems on the illustrative examples.
Examples:
1. Two sides of the triangle measures 11 units and 8 units respectively. Find the
range of the possible measures of the third side.
Step 1: Let x be the representation of the third side.
Step 2: Applying the Triangle Inequality Theorem,
11 + 8 > x 8 + x > 11
19 > x x > 11 – 8
x>3
Step 3: Rewriting 19 > x and x > 3 will be 3 < x <19
Shortcut Method:
Notice that the difference of 11 and 8 is 3. And the sum of 8 and 11 is 19.
So you can do this shortcut.
11 – 8 < x < 11 + 8
3 < x < 19
2. The length of RC and CL are 14 cm and 11 cm respectively. What is the range of
the values of LR ?
Shortcut Method:
14 cm – 11 cm < LR < 14 cm + 11 cm
3 cm < LR < 25 cm

Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem

The measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is greater than the measure of
either of the two remote interior angles.

As shown on the previous illustrative example, we used the exterior angle

theorem in which the sum of the two remote interior angles is equal to the measure
of the exterior angles. Let’s widen our understanding on exterior angles as we apply
the exterior angle inequality theorem in solving problems.
Examples:

Use the Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem to list all angles that satisfy the
given condition.
1. Angles that are less than m4.
Answer: 2 and 3 1

By Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem the remote interior

angles (2 and 3) are less than the exterior angle (4).
2 3
5

12
2. Angles that are greater than m2. 1
Answer: 4 and 5

By Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem the exterior 2 3

angles (4 and 5) are greater than the remote interior angle (2). 5

Hinge Theorem (a.k.a. SAS Triangle Inequality Theorem)

If two sides of a triangle are congruent to two sides of another triangle and
the included angle of the first is larger than the included angle of the second,
then the third side of the first triangle is longer than the third side of the second
triangle.

We can recall from the previous learning activity sheet that the hinge
theorem involves inequality of two triangles each having two congruent sides. If the
included angle of the first angle is larger than the angles on the other triangle, then
the third side opposite the larger angle is longer than the third side opposite the
smaller angle. Try analysing the given illustrative example applying the hinge
theorem.
Example: M
(4x – 4)
Write an inequality, or set of inequalities
to describe the possible values for x. 16
21
Solution:
4x – 4 > 20 4x – 4 < 180 S H
4x – 4 + 4 > 20 + 4 4x – 4 + 4 < 180 + 4
4x > 24 4x < 184 21 20 18
x>6 x < 46
6 < x < 46 P

Converse of the Hinge Theorem (a.k.a. SSS Triangle Inequality Theorem)

If two sides of a triangle are congruent to two sides of another triangle and
the third side of the first is longer than the third side of the second, then the
included angle in the first triangle is greater than the included angle in the
second triangle.

After understanding the hinge theorem, we may also use its counterpart
theorem or the converse in solving the given example.
8x – 4 W
Example: D
Write an inequality, or set of inequalities
to describe the possible values for x. 42
Given: DL ≅ NL , WL ≅ GL
Solution: L
8x – 4 > 28
8x – 4 + 4 > 28 + 4 36
8x > 32
x>4
G N
28

13
Practice Exercises:
Solve the following set of problem by applying different triangle inequality
theorems. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. D

1. List the angles from smallest to largest on ∆DEF. 5

8
A. D, E, F
B. E, D, F
E
C. F, E, D
F 7
D. F, D, E

2. Find mT in ∆STU.

A. 35
S
B. 145
C. 180 75
D. 100

70 T
3. List the sides from shortest to longest. U
A. TU, ST , SU
B. ST , SU , TU
C. SU , ST , TU
D. ST , TU, SU

4. Given 12cm and 21cm as the lengths of two sides of a triangle, write the range of
possible measures of the third side as x.
A. 9cm < x < 33cm
B. 9cm > x > 33cm
C. 9cm < x > 33cm
D. 9cm > x < 33cm

5. Use the Hinge Theorem or its Converse to write the inequality that will give the
correct range of x.
A. 5 > x > 36
B. 3 < x < 36 32
C. 3 > x > 90
15
D. 5 < x < 90
24
24
(5x)

26

14
Assessment:
Apply the triangle inequality theorems in solving the given problems. Write
your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
T
1. Which of the following set shows the angles of ∆SET in
order from smallest to largest? 19 17
A. S, E, T C. T, E, S cm cm
B. E, S, T D. S, T, E E
S 20
cm

2. Which set shows the sides of ∆FLY arranged from longest to

shortest?
A. LY , FL , FY C. LY , FY , FL
B. FY , FL , LY D. FL , FY , LY

3. Which sides of ∆BIG are the longest and shortest if mB = 35 and mI = 95?
A. longest IG , shortest BG
B. longest BG , shortest IG
C. longest IB, shortest IG
D. longest IG , shortest IB

4. What is the shortest side of ∆SUN if mS = (12x – 9), mU = (62 – 3x) and
mN = (16x + 2)?
A. SN C. SU
B. UN D. cannot be determined

5. The following sets are the side lengths of a triangle EXCEPT ___.
A. 7, 5, 4 C. 9, 6, 5
B. 11, 12, 29 D. 25, 32, 56
1
6. Using the figure on the right, which angle is less than 5?
A. 8 C. 1 4 3
56
B. 3 D. 2
2
8 7

7. Given ∆OPM and ∆ENG, what can conclusion can be drawn?

A. MP > GN C. MP = GN
B. MP < GN D. MO < GE
O E
82 65

M
P G N
15
8. Given ∆IGE and ∆HTG, what can conclusion can be drawn?
A. mIGE > mHTG
B. mIGE < mHTG
C. mIGE = mHTG
D. no conclusion can be drawn
I H

10 12

E G T

9. Three friends namely Anna, Karen and Nina reside in a triangular lot. Their
houses were built to each three corners of the lot. Anna’s house is located to the
widest corner, while Nina’s house is located to the narrowest corner of the lot. If
they were going to build a concrete wall along the perimeter of the triangular lot
for safety purposes, locate the shortest wall.
A. The shortest wall is located between Karen and Nina’s houses.
B. The shortest wall is located between Karen and Anna’s houses.
C. The shortest wall is located between Anna and Nina’s houses.
D. The shortest wall cannot be determined.

10. Refering to the situation on the previous problem, the angle measure of each
corner can be expressed as:
Nina’s house: x
Karen’s house: (2x + 4)
Anna’s house: (5x)
Find the angle measure of the corner where Nina’s house is located.
A. 176 C. 8
B. 180 D. 22

Answer Key:
Practice Exercise
1. D
2. A
3. C
4. A
5. B

16
 Week 3
Proving Inequalities
in a Triangle
Learning Competency
The learner enables to prove inequalities in a triangle. M8GE-IVc-1

Background Information for the Learner

In the previous lesson, you have defined and illustrated all theorems in
inequality triangle both in one triangle and in two triangles. Refer to the concept
map below.
Theorem 1:
Ss → Aa
Theorem 2:
Aa → Ss
One
Triangle Theorem 3:
S1 + S 2 > S 3

TRIANGLE INEQUALITY Exterior Angle Inequality

THEOREMS Theorem
Hinge Theorem
Two (SAS ∆ Ineq. Th.)
Triangles Converse of Hinge Theorem
(SSS ∆ Ineq. Th.)

Review: What’s Your Theorem?

Direction: Using the markings or given measures, identify the theorem that best
describes the statements below.

1. If ¿> EB , then∠ REO>∠ BOE 3. 7cm + 4cm > 8cm

O R
27⁰

28⁰
B E
2. If ∠ N >∠W , then EW > EN 4. If ∠ A>∠ U , then BT > RN

T
17
 5. If EW > EN , then ∠ N >∠W 6. ∠ 1>∠6 and ∠1>∠4

E 1
5
5

6
4 6
2 3
N
W

Properties of Inequality:
For all real numbers p and q, where p > 0, q > 0
 If p > q, then q < p
 If p < q, then q > p
For all real numbers p, q, r and s, if p > q and r ≥ s, then p + r > q + s.
For all real numbers p, q and r, if p > q and r > 0, then pr > qr.
For all real numbers p, q and r, if p > q and q > r, then p > r.
For all real numbers p, q and r, if p = q + r, and r > 0, then p > q.
The last property of inequality is used in geometry such as follows:

P
•
Q R P
1 2
Q is between P and R
R
If PR = PQ + QR Q
Then PR > PQ and PR > QR ∠1 and ∠2 are adjacent angles
If m∠PQR = m∠1 + m∠2
then m∠PQR > m∠1 and m∠PQR > m∠2
Be reminded that theorems may be proven in different ways. The proofs that
follow are some examples of how these theorems are to be proven.
Activity 1: Proving Triangle Inequality Theorem 1

Theorem 1: Ss → Aa
If one side of a triangle is longer than a second side, then __________.

Given: ∆LMN; ln > LM ;

∠1 ≅ ∠2

Prove: m∠LMN > m∠LNM

Statements Reasons
1. ln > LM ; ∠1 ≅ ∠2 Given
Angle Addition
2. m∠LMN = m∠1 + m∠3
Postulate
3. m∠LMN > m∠1 Property of
Inequality
4. m∠LMN > m∠2

18
 The sum of the interior
5. m∠MPN + m∠LNM + m∠3 = 1800 angles of a triangle is
180o
6. m∠2 + m∠MPN = 1800 Linear Pair Theorem
7. m∠2 + m∠MPN = m∠MPN + m∠LNM + m∠3 Transitive Property
__________ Property
8. m∠2 = m∠LNM + m∠3
of Equality
Property of
9. m∠2 > m∠LNM.
Inequality
10. m∠LMN > m∠LNM Theorem 1: Ss → Aa

Activity 2: Proving Triangle Inequality Theorem 2

Theorem 2: Aa → Ss
If one angle of a triangle is longer than a second angle, then __________.

Given: ∆LMN; ∠L >∠N

Prove: MN > LM

Indirect Proof:
Assume: MN ≯ LM
Statements Reasons
1. ∠L >∠N Given
2. MN ≅ LM or MN < LM Assumption that MN ≯ LM
3. Consider: If MN ≅ LM then ∆LMN is
Definition of Isosceles triangle
an isosceles
________ of isosceles triangles are
4. ∠L ≅ ∠N
congruent.
The conclusion that ∠L ≅∠N
The Assumption that MN ≅ LM is FALSE
contradicts the given that ∠L >∠N.
5. Consider: If MN < LM , then ∠L < ∠N Theorem 1: Ss → Aa
The Assumption that MN ≅ LM is The conclusion that ∠L <∠N
True False contradicts the given that ∠L >∠N
4. Therefore, MN > LM is The assumption is false.
True False Theorem 2: Aa → Ss

Activity 3: Proving Triangle Inequality Theorem 3

Theorem 3: S1 + S2 > S3
The sum of the lengths of any two sides of a triangle is greater than the _______.

Given: ∆LMN where MN ¿ ln> LM

Prove:
LM + ln > MN

Proof:
• Notice that since MN >ln and that MN > LM , then it’s

19
 obvious that MN + LM >ln and MN + ln > LM are true.
 Hence, what remains to be proved is the third statement: LM + ln > MN .

Statements Reasons
1. ∆LMN where MN ¿ ln > LM Given
2. If MN > ¿ ln then m∠L > m∠M and if
Theorem 1: Ss → Aa
MN > LM then m∠L > m∠N
3. If ln> LM , then m∠M > m∠N Theorem 1: Ss → Aa
4. m∠L > m∠M > m∠N Transitive Property
5. if MN + LM >ln and MN + ln > LM are
Theorem 3: S1 + S2 > S3
true, then ln + LM > MN

Activity 4: Proving the Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem

Theorem 4: Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem

The measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is greater than the _______.

Given: ∆LMN with exterior angle ∠LNP

Prove: ∠LNP >∠MLN

3 4
2 1

Proof:

Let us prove that ∠LNP >∠MLN

by constructing the following:
1. midpoint Q on ln such that LQ ≅ NQ
2. MR through Q such that MQ ≅ QR

Statements Reasons

1. LQ ≅ NQ ; MQ ≅ RQ 1.
2. What relationship exists between ∠3 and ∠4?
2.
3. Basing on statements 1 and 2, describe two
3. What triangle congruence
triangles from the illustration:
postulate supports statement 3?
4. Basing on statement 3, ∠MLN ≅ _____
4. CPCTC

20
5. Basing on the illustration, ∠LNP ≅ ___ + ___
5. Angle Addition Postulate

6. Basing on statement 5, ∠LNP >∠1 6.

7. ∠LNP > ∠MLN 7.

YOU ARE NOW PROMOTED AS PROFESSOR

1. Write the statements supported by the reasons on the right side of the
two-column proof.

Activity 5: Proving Hinge Triangle Theorem

Theorem 5: Hinge Triangle Theorem or SAS Triangle Inequality Theorem

If two sides of one triangle are congruent to two sides of another triangle, but
the included angle of the first triangle is greater than the included angle of the
second, then _____________________.

Given: HO ≅ EP , ∠OHP > ∠EPH

H E
Prove: OP ≅ EH

O p

Statements Reasons
1. From the illustration:
1. Given
___ ≅ ___
2. ___ ≅ ___ 2. Reflexive Property
3. ___ > ___ 3. Given
4. OP ≅ EH
4. ___________________

2. Make necessary statement or supported reason to prove the statement.

Activity 6: Indirect Proof of the Converse of Hinge Theorem

21
 Theorem 5: Converse of Hinge Triangle Theorem or SSS Triangle
Inequality Theorem
If two sides of one triangle are congruent to two sides of another triangle, but
the third side of the first triangle is longer than the third side of the second,
then_____________________.

Given: ∆ODG and ∆LUV;

OD ≅ LU , DG ≅UV , OG > LV

Prove: ∠D > ∠U

Indirect Proof:

Assume: ∠D ≯∠U

Statements Reasons
1. Assumption that
1. ∠D ≅∠U and ∠D <∠U
1. Considering ∠D ≅∠U: It’s given that
2.
OD ≅ LU , DG ≅UV . If ∠D ≅∠U,
Triangle Congruence Postulate
then ∆ODG ≅∆LUV.
OG > LV
The Assumption that ∠D ≅∠U is
false.
3. Considering ∠D <∠U: If ∠D <∠U, then 3. Hinge Theorem
OG < LV contradicts the given that OG
> LV
4. 4. Assumption that ∠D ≯∠U is proven

22
 to be false.
Converse of Hinge Theorem

Answer Key

Review
1. Converse of Hinge Theorem
2. Theorem 2 (Aa→Ss)
3. Theorem 3 (S1+S2>S3)
4. Hinge Theorem
5. Theorem 1 (Ss→Aa)
6. Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem

YOU ARE NOW PROMOTED AS PROFESSOR

1. Write the statements supported by the reasons on the right side of the
two-column proof.

Activity 5: Proving Hinge Triangle Theorem

Given: HO ≅ EP , ∠OHP > ∠EPH

H E
Prove: OP ≅ EH

Statements O Reasons p
4. From the illustration:
Given
HO ≅ EP
5. HP ≅ HP Reflexive Property
6. ∠OHP > ∠EPH Given
5. OP ≅ EH
Hinge Theorem

Statements Reasons

23
 1. ∠D ≅ ∠U and ∠D < ∠U Assumption that ∠D ≠ ∠U

2. Considering ∠D ≅ ∠U: It’s given that SAS Triangle Congruence

OD ≅ LU , DG ≅ UV . If ∠D ≅ ∠U, then Postulate
∆ODG ≅ ∆LUV.

OG  LV CPCTC

The Assumption that ∠D ≅ ∠U is false. OG LV contradicts the given that

OG > LV

3. Considering ∠D < ∠U: If ∠D < ∠U, then Hinge Theorem

The assumption that ∠D < ∠U is false OG < LV contradicts the given

that OG > LV

4. Therefore, ∠D > ∠U must be true. Assumption that ∠D ≯ ∠U is

proven to be false.
By Converse of Hinge Theorem

A. Directions: Multiple Choice. Read each question carefully. Write the letter of
the correct answer before each number.
1. What theorem justifies the three inequalities being written about the sides?
a. Theorem 1 (Ss->Aa) d. Converse of Hinge
b. Theorem 2 (Aa->Ss) Theorem
c. Theorem 3 (S1+S2>S3)

2. In the ∆PQR, because the side QR is the shortest side, the angle P must be the
smallest angle. What theorem it justifies?
a. Theorem 1 (Ss->Aa) c. Theorem 3 (S1+S2>S3)
b. Theorem 2 (Aa->Ss) d. Exterior Angle Inequality
Theorem
3. And also in ∆PQR, because the angle Q is the longest side, the side RP must be the
largest angle.  What theorem it justifies?
a. Theorem 2 (Aa->Ss) c. Theorem 3 (S1+S2>S3)
b. Theorem 1 (Ss->Aa) d. Hinge Theorem

4. Again in ∆PQR, which of the following is not true?

a. PQ + QR > PR c. PR + QR < PQ
b. PQ + PR > QR d. PQ < PR + QR

24
 5. Determine the triangle inequality theorem that states the longest third side is the
opposite of the largest included angle.
a. Theorem 1 (Ss->Aa) c. Hinge Theorem
b. Theorem 2 (Aa->Ss) d. Converse of Hinge
Theorem
6. In the ∆TRY, TR>RY>TY, which statement is true?

a. ∠Y > ∠R > ∠ T c. ∠Y > ∠T > ∠ R

b. ∠R > ∠Y > ∠ T d. ∠T > ∠R > ∠ Y
7. In ∆GUD, GU = DU and GD > DU. Which of the following statements may NOT be
true?
a. m∠U > m∠D c. m∠D > m∠G
b. m∠U > m∠G d. m∠G < m∠U

8. What inequality triangle theorem justifies question number 7?

a. Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem
b. Theorem 1 (Ss->Aa)
c. Converse of Hinge Theorem
d. Hinge Theorem
9. In ∆GUD and ∆TRY, if GU = TR and UD = RY and ∠U < ∠R. Which of the following
statements may be true?
a. GD < TY c. GD = TY
b. GD > TY d. TY < GD
10. What inequality triangle theorem justifies question number 9?
a. Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem c. Converse of Hinge
b. Theorem 1 (Ss->Aa) Theorem
d. Hinge Theorem
B. It’s your turn!
Problem:
The diagram is not drawn to scale. Using ∠1, ∠2, ∠T, ∠M and ∠MAT, complete the
combine inequalities below: M
9 E 7 T
1
< < < < 11
13
15
2
A
>Q
Performance Task No. 1: FAN MAKING

You are an artist in a Fan Making Industry. Your boss asked you to make a
design of a fan which will be imported to the other country. He required you to
make a creative and affordable fan. You may apply your knowledge in Triangle
inequalities in making the fan. You have to submit the fan for evaluation under the
following criteria: presentation and Mathematical justification.

25
Rubric
Criteria 5 4 3 2 1
The fan is The fan is
The fan is The fan is The fan is
colorful, functional
neat, functional neither not
Presentatio neat, but is
impressive and neat functional
n impressive neither
and but is not nor
and neat nor
functional. impressive. impressive.
functional. impressive.

The The output The output

The The output is
output is is is
Time and output is submitted at
submitted submitted submitted
Effort submitted least 4-5 days
a day 2 days 3 days
on time. late.
after. late. late.

3 2 1

Durability The material used is The fan

The material used is
and durable. The fan can cannot be
less durable.
Usefulness be used. used.

Determining the Conditions

Under Which Lines and
Week 4
Segments are Parallel or
Perpendicular
Learning Competency

26
 The learner determines the conditions under which lines and
segments are parallel or perpendicular. M8GE-IVe-1

Background Information for the Learner

On this learning activity sheets, you will learn that two lines are
parallel if and only if they are coplanar and do not intersect and that a
transversal is a line that intersects two other coplanar lines at two distinct
points.

In the figure shown above, t is a transversal of m and n. There are

eight angles formed by these three lines. Special names are given to these
angles.
Angles 3, 4, 5, and 6 are interior angles and angles 1, 2, 7, and 8 are exterior
angles.

 ∠ 3 and ∠ 6, and∠ 4 and∠5 are pairs of alternate interior angles. These

angles are pairs of non-adjacent interior angles that are on opposite sides of the
transversal.
 ∠2 and ∠ 7, and∠ 1and ∠ 8 are pairs of alternate exterior angles. These
angles are pairs of non-adjacent exterior angles that are on opposite sides of the
transversal.
 ∠ 8 and ∠ 4 , and∠6 and ∠ 2, ∠7 and∠3,and∠5and ∠1are pairs of
corresponding angles. These are pairs of angles in corresponding positions
relative to the two lines and the transversal.
 ∠6 and ∠ 4 , and∠ 5and∠3 are pairs of interior angles that are on the same side
of the transversal. These are called same-side interior angles.
 ∠ 7 and ∠ 1, and ∠ 8and∠2are pairs of exterior angles that on the same side of
transversal. These are called same-side exterior angles.

Activity 1: Can you find my pair?

Directions: Use the figure below l1 // l2 cut by transversal m, name the following
pairs of angles. Choose your answer from the box.

27
 .

1. What is the alternate interior angle of ∠2? ∠ 7

2. What is the alternate interior angle of ∠6 ? ______
3. What is the alternate exterior angle of∠ 1? ______ ∠1 ∠2
4. What is the alternate exterior angle of ∠4 ? ______
5. What is the corresponding angle of ∠ 2? ______ ∠3 ∠4
6. What is the corresponding angle of ∠ 8? ______ ∠5 ∠6
7. What is the same side interior angle of ∠ 6 ? ______
8. What is the same side interior angle of ∠ 3? ______ ∠7 ∠8
9. What is the same side exterior angle of ∠4 ? ______
10. What is the same side exterior angle of ∠ 5? ______

Pair of congruent angles Pair of supplementary angles

Corresponding angles Linear pair
Vertical angles Same side interior angles
Alternate Interior angles Same side exterior angles
Alternate exterior angles

Use the same figure above, the measure of ∠7 equals to 45. Answer the
following questions.
Questions:

1. What will be the measure of ∠1?

2. What will be the measure of ∠ 2?
3. What will be the measure of ∠3?
4. What will be the measure of ∠4 ?
5. What will be the measure of ∠ 5?
6. What will be the measure of ∠ 6?
7. What will be the measure of ∠8 ?
Activity 2: Where is my Line?
Directions: Are you Familiar of the map? Study the map and answer the questions
that follow.

28
Questions:
1. Is road 2 perpendicular to road 3?
2. Is road 1 parallel to road 2?
3. State three roads perpendicular to road 1.
4. Which road perpendicular to the road between bldg. C and bldg. D?
5. Which road parallel to the road between bldg. C and bldg. D?
In the previous module, you learned how to prove the properties of
parallel lines cut by a transversal and the measurement of the pairs of
angles formed. Parallel lines cut by a transversal are evident in a real-life
situation like roads and railway crossing, window screens, staircase and the
railings, roadmaps of towns and cities, badminton, tennis or volleyball net,
score sheets, rule notebook and ledgers, checkered dress and stripes and
many more presented in the illustration below.

Did you know that the idea that parallel lines exist and are unique is
a fundamental principle in Geometry?

29
Figure 1
 In Figure 1, the dashed line represents the only line that can be
drawn parallel to line m such that it passes through the point A.
From this condition, a parallel postulate was concluded.

The Parallel Postulate

Given a point and a line not containing it, there is exactly one line
through the given point parallel to the given line. Two lines are parallel if and
only if they are coplanar and they do not intersect. ǁ is the symbol used for
parallel lines.

Parallel lines can be shown by the following figures.

Parallelism is not only limited to lines but in segments as well. Consider

another postulate.

Two segments are parallel if and only if the lines containing them are
also parallel.

In Figure 2, the paired parallel segments formed are the following:

a. KO ∥ JN e. KO ∥ HL i. HL ∥ ℑ

b. ℑ∥ JN f. ON ∥ KJ j. KJ ∥ HI

c. HK ∥ IJ g. JI ∥ NM k. NM ∥ OL

d. OL∥ KH h. ON ∥ LM l. HI ∥ LM

Figure 2

30
 Aside from parallel postulates, a perpendicular postulate was also
determined.

The Perpendicular Postulate

Given a point and a line not containing it, there is exactly one line
through the given point perpendicular to the given line. ꓕ is the symbol used
for perpendicular lines.

In the accompanying figures below, lines m and n intersect at point A

to form right angles. We can say that using a perpendicular postulate, line m
is perpendicular with line n. In symbols, we write m ꓕ n. Observe that a
small square indicates that the angle formed is a right angle. Thus,
perpendicular lines form four right angles.

When two or more lines intersect or cut by a line at different points

called transversal, certain conditions guarantee which lines and segments
are parallel or perpendicular. A transversal is illustrated in the figure, line tis
the transversal of parallel lines m and n.

transversal

Based on the exploration of parallelism and perpendicularity of lines

and segments, the following postulates and theorems generalized some
conditions that guarantee in which lines and segments are parallel or
perpendicular when cut by a transversal discussed in the table.

Postulates and Theorems Illustration Statement

31
1.CACP (Corresponding Angle
Congruent Parallel) t
Postulate
Given two lines cut by a If ∠ a ≅ ∠ e
transversal, if corresponding
angles are congruent, then the then, m∥ n.
two lines are parallel.

2.AICP (Alternate Interior

Congruent Parallel) Theorem
Given two lines cut by a
transversal, if alternate interior If ∠d ≅ ∠ f
angles are congruent, then the then, m∥ n.
lines are parallel.

3. SSIAS(Same Side Interior tt

Angle Supplementary)
If ∠d∧∠ e are
Theorem
supplementary,
Given two lines cut by a
transversal, if same side interior then, m∥ n.
angles are supplementary, then
the lines are parallel.

4. AI-CA(Alternate Interior–
Corresponding Angle)
Theorem
If ∠a ≅ ∠ b ,
Given two lines cut by a
transversal, if alternate interior then ∠ b ≅ ∠ c.
angles are congruent, then
corresponding angles are
congruent.

5. The Three Parallel Lines

Theorem
In a plane, if two lines are both
If mǁ l and n ∥ l ,
parallel to a third line, then they
are parallel. then m∥ n.

6. The Perpendicular to a
Third Line Theorem
If l 1 ⊥ t and l 2 ⊥ t ,
If two coplanar lines are
perpendicular to a third line, then l 1 ∥ l 2.
then they are parallel to each
other.

32
 After knowing the postulates and theorems that determine conditions
for lines and segments that are parallel or perpendicular, refer to the
following examples below to enrich your understanding of the topic.

Illustrative Example 1:
The figures below show a postulate or theorem that guarantees that
lines m and n are parallel.
Figures Postulate or Theorem
a.
Alternate Interior Congruent
Parallel(AICP) Theorem

b.
Corresponding Angles Congruent
Parallel (CACP) Postulate

c.

Same Side Interior Angle

Supplementary(SSIAS) Theorem

d.
The Three Parallel Lines Theorem

e.

The Perpendicular to a Third Line

Theorem

Illustrative Example 2:

Using Figure 3 give the condition on the given

statement why d ǁ e.

Figure 3
Statement Condition
Corresponding Angles Congruent Parallel
a. If m∠ 6=80 and m∠ 8=80
(CACP) Postulate

33
 Same Side Interior Angle Supplementary
b. If m∠2=80 and m∠3=100
(SSIAS) Theorem
Alternate Interior Congruent Parallel
c. If m∠3=65 and m∠7=65
(AICP) Theorem
Alternate Interior Congruent Parallel
d. If m∠ 2=84 and m∠ 6=84
(AICP) Theorem
Same Side Interior Angle Supplementary
e. If m∠ 6=50 and m∠ 7=130
(SSIAS) Theorem
Illustrative Example 3:

Identify the parallel lines in the given figure. Justify your answer by
stating the postulate or theorem.

Given Conditions Parallel Postulate/Theorem

Lines
´ and
a. DU ⊥ OT The Perpendicular to
´ ∧ MS
OT ´
DU ⊥ ḾS a Third Line Theorem

Alternate Interior
b. ∠ 2=m∠6 ´ SD
UO∧ ´ Congruent Parallel
(AICP) Theorem
Same Side Interior
c. ´ ∧ MS
´
m∠ 1+ m∠ 2+m∠5=180 OT Angle Supplementary
(SSIAS) Theorem

The Perpendicular to
d. DU ⊥ MS and TS ⊥ MS DU ∧TS
a Third Line Theorem
Corresponding
´ SD
´ Angles Congruent
e. ∠4 ≅ ∠7 UO∧ Parallel (CACP)
Postulate
Alternate Interior
f. ∠ 6 ≅ ∠9 DU ∧TS Congruent Parallel
(AICP) Theorem
Corresponding
´ SD
´ Angles Congruent
g. m∠ 4=78∧m∠7=78 UO∧ Parallel (CACP)
Postulate
Alternate Interior
h. m∠1=50∧m∠4=50 ´ UM
DO∧ ´ Congruent Parallel
(AICP) Theorem

Illustrative Example 4:

Given: Using the figure on the right, answer the

following questions:

1. If m∠ q=3 x−10 and m∠ s=2 x+ 45, find the

indicated measures.

34
 a. m∠ q e. m∠u
b. m∠ r f. m∠ v
c. m∠ s g. m∠ w
d. m∠t h. m∠ z

2. Find the value of x that will make o ǁ p.

m∠t=5 x +17 and m∠ z =3 x −5
Solution:
1. ∠ q and ∠ s are corresponding angles. By Corresponding Angles Congruent
Parallel (CACP) Postulate, corresponding angles are congruent.
So, m∠ q=m∠ s.

3x – 10 = 2x + 45
3x + (-2x) – 10 = 2x + (-2x) + 45 (Addition Property of Equality)
x – 10 = 45 (Resulting Equation)
x – 10 + (10) = 45 + (10) (Addition Property of Equality)
x = 55 (Resulting Equation)

m∠ q = 3x – 10 m∠ s = 2x + 45
= 3(55) – 10 = 2(55) + 45
= 165 – 10 = 110 + 45
m∠ q = 155 m∠ s = 155
a. m∠ q = 155 e.m∠ u = 25 Supplement with ∠ q
b. m∠ r = 25 Supplement with ∠q f. m∠ v = 155 Alternate interior
with ∠ s
c. m∠ s = 155 Correspond to ∠ q g. m∠ w = 25 Correspond to ∠ u
d. m∠t = 25 Correspond to ∠ r h. m∠ z = 155 Correspond to ∠v

2. ∠ t and ∠ z are supplementary. By Same Side Interior Angle Supplementary

(SSIAS) Theorem, m∠ t +m ∠ z =180.

5x + 17 + 3x - 5 = 180
8x + 12 = 180 (Simplification)
8x + 12 + (-12) = 180 + (-12) (Addition Property of Equality)
8x = 168 (Multiplication Property of Equality)
8 8
x = 21 Resulting Equation

Practice Exercise
A. Name the postulate or theorem that allows you to conclude that a ∥ b .
1. 2.

35
 3. 4.

B. Using the figure at the right, explain why a ∥b if:

5. m∠1=40 and m∠ 3=40 Corresponding Angles Congruent Parallel (CACP)

Postulate

6. m∠ 6=82 and m∠ 8=82 _______________________

7. m∠2=85 and m∠ 3=95 _______________________

8. m∠3=55 and m∠ 7=55_______________________

9. m∠ 2=82 and m∠ 6=82 _______________________

10. m∠ 6=40 and m∠ 7=140 _____________________

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. The Lines that intersect and form a right angle is

A. Intersecting C. Perpendicular
B. Parallel D. Skew

2. The following are the congruent pair of angles formed by a transversal EXCEPT
A. Alternate Interior Angles
B. Alternate Exterior Angles
C. Corresponding Angles
D. Interior Angles on the same side of the Transversal

3. What is the total measurement of angles formed by the interior angles on the
same side of the transversal?
A. 90° B. 180° C. 270° D. 360°

36
4. Which of the following figures below illustrate a perpendicular line?
A. B. C. D.

For item numbers 5-7, use Figure 1.

5. m ǁ n and t is a transversal, which of the

following are same side interior angles?
A. ∠1and ∠ 5,∠ 2 and ∠ 6
B. ∠ 1 and ∠ 7, ∠2 and ∠ 8
C. ∠ 3and ∠5, ∠4 and ∠6
D.∠ 3and ∠8 , ∠ 4 and ∠ 7 Figure 1

6. Which of the following conditions proves that m ǁ n?

A. ∠ 1 ≅ ∠ 7 B. ∠3 ≅ ∠ 5 C.∠ 3 ≅ ∠ 6 D. ∠4 ≅ ∠7

7. Which of the following is the correct statement on the relationship of the angles
formed?
A. ∠ 1 and ∠ 6 are congruent angles.
B. ∠ 1 and ∠ 4 form a linear pair.
C. ∠ 2 and ∠ 5 are congruent angles.
D. ∠ 3 and ∠ 7 are congruent angles.

8. Which of the following statement is always true?

A. Lines that intersect are parallel lines.
B. Lines that are parallel are skew lines.
C. Two lines that intersect and form right angles are perpendicular lines
D. Two non-coplanar lines that do not intersect are parallel lines.

9. Given two lines cut by a transversal. What theorem states that when the
alternate interior angles are congruent, then the corresponding angles are also
congruent?
A. Alternate Interior-Corresponding Angles Theorem
B. Alternate Interior Congruent Parallel Theorem
C. Same Side Interior Angle Supplementary Theorem
D. The Three Parallel Lines Theorem

10.A figure that gives condition for parallelism.

A. B. C. D.

For item numbers 11-13, use Figure 2.

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11.Which angles are congruent to ∠ 10 ?
A. ∠ 6 and ∠ 8
B. ∠ 9 and ∠ 11
C. ∠ 9 and ∠ 14
D. ∠ 12 and ∠ 15

12.If m∠14 = 95, what is the measure of ∠16?

A. 75° B. 85° C. 95° D. 105°

13. If m∠ 10 = 85 and m∠11 = 95, therefore, a ǁ b. What theorem guarantees this

parallelism?
A. Alternate Interior-Corresponding Angles Theorem
B. Alternate Interior Congruent Parallel Theorem
C. Same Side Interior Angle Supplementary Theorem
D. The Three Parallel Lines Theorem

For item numbers 14-15, use Figure 3.

14.Given: m∠ 4 = 3x - 12 and m∠ 7 = 5x + 16. What is the value of x?

A. 22 C. 25
B. 24 D. 26
Figure 3
15.Based on the computed value of x in number 14, which of the following is the
measure of ∠ 7?
A. 122° C. 126°
B. 124° D. 128°

38
Answer Key
Activity 1: Can you find my pair?
1. ∠ 7 6. ∠ 6
2. ∠ 3 7. ∠ 7
3. ∠ 8 8. ∠ 2
4. ∠ 5 9. ∠ 1
5. ∠ 4 10. ∠ 8
Question:
1. 135⸰ 2. 45⸰ 3. 135⸰ 4. 45⸰
5. 45⸰ 6. 135⸰ 7. 135⸰
Activity 2: Where is my line?
1. Yes it is perpendicular.
2. Yes it is parallel.
3. Road 3, road between bldg. A and B, road between Bldg B and C, road
between bldg. C and D and road between registrar office and bldg. A.
4. Road 1 or road 2.
5. Road 3, road between bldg. A and B, road between Bldg B and C, road 3 and
road between registrar office and bldg. A.
Practice Exercise
A. B.
1. Same Side Interior Angle 6. Corresponding Angles Congruent
Supplementary (SSIAS) Theorem Parallel (CACP) Postulate
2. Alternate Interior Congruent 7. Same Side Interior Angle
Parallel (AICP) Theorem Supplementary (SSIAS) Theorem
3. Corresponding Angles Congruent 8. Same Side Interior Angle
Parallel (CACP) Postulate Supplementary (SSIAS) Theorem
4. Corresponding Angles Congruent 9. Same Side Interior Angle
Parallel (CACP) Postulate Supplementary (SSIAS) Theorem
5. Corresponding Angles Congruent 10. Same Side Interior Angle
Parallel (CACP) Postulate Supplementary (SSIAS) Theorem

Performance Task No.2: CARNIVAL VICINITY MAP

The city mayor would like to build a carnival in your hometown. The purpose
of this project is to boost the town’s economy, to promote tourism, and to reduce
the number of unemployed graduates.
You are a member of the city planning team and your job is to create a
vicinity map to show the location of the carnival. The vicinity map you will create
will be put at the back of the flyers to be distributed one week before the opening of
the carnival.
You should follow the following guidelines in creating the vicinity map:
1. Parallel lines, transversal lines, and perpendicular lines should be evident in
your vicinity map;
2. Special angle pairs are marked specifically by placing buildings as trademarks;
3. Each street and building should be labelled; and
4. The location of the carnival should be easy to find.
You are going to submit your work to the head of the city planning
department for evaluation under the following criteria: (1) presentation of the
vicinity map; (2) accuracy; and (3) explanation.

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Rubric
CRITERIA 4 3 2 1
ACCURACY
 Parallel lines, perpendicular
lines, and transversal lines are
evident in the vicinity map
 Lines are drawn using a straight All of the Three Two One
edge criteria criteria criteria criterion
 Special angles are marked are are are is
properly present. present. present. present.
 Includes understanding of the
key concepts of parallel,
perpendicular, and transversal
lines
PRESENTATION
 Words on the vicinity map are
spelled and capitalized correctly
All of the Three Two One
 Colored neatly
criteria criteria criteria criterion
 Organized and easy to interpret
are are are is
 Buildings and streets are present. present. present. present.
correctly labelled
 The location of the carnival is
easy to find
EXPLANATION
All of the Three Two One
 Coherent
criteria criteria criteria criterion
 Clear
are are are is
 Convincing
present. present. present. present.
 Logical

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