PDF 4 Bài Process Khó PDF

Writing Task 1
Computer-delivered 16/03/2023
The diagram shows differences in the distribution of temperature zones between

tropical and temperate mountains, using simultaneously two systems of
measurement: feet and meters.
Overall, a tropical mountain is higher than a temperate one and more diverse in
terms of temperature zones (6 compared to 4). Although, the first 4 temperature
zones from the top of these mountains are similar in category and order, the
distribution of vegetation in these two mountains are heterogenous.
The first zone is the permanent snow zone,

extending from an altitude of 16,000 to 20,000
feet in a tropical mountain and from 10,000 to
12,000 feet in temperate one. Beneath the
snow line are the Alpine meadows, ranging
from 15,000 to 16,000 feet in a tropical
mountain and from 6,000 to 10,000 feet in a
temperate one. The end of this zone in these
two mountains are a limit for pine and limit
for spruce, respectively. Forest is distributed
at the 11,000-15,000-feet range in a tropical
mountain and at the 5,000-6,000-feet range in
the temperate one, with limit for broad-leaf
trees marking the end of this zone. The cool
zone in a tropical mountain (6,000 -1,0000 feet)
is possible for grain cultivation only, while grains, potatoes, and flax can be
cultivated in this zone in a temperate mountain, with range extending from the
foot of the mountain to the height of 5000 feet.
From the foot of a tropical mountain to an altitude of 6,000 feet, there are two
temperature zones including the warm zone and the temperate zone, respectively.
The warm zone is suitable for varied tropical crops and the temperate zone can be
used for cocoa and coffee plantations.
Vocabulary
1. systems of measurement = hệ đo lường 2. heterogenous = không đồng nhất
3. the distribution of vegetation = sự phân

4. to extend from an altitude of ... = trải dài
bố của thảm thực vật từ độ cao ...
466/35 Lê Văn Sỹ, P.14, Q.3, Sài Gòn GROUP: IELTS TÍN NGUYỄ N
Writing Task 1
Paper-based 15/03/2022
The diagram illustrates how sand dunes are formed on grounds with differences
in moisture content.
Overall, sand dunes are formed out of sand particles, with two main supplies:
sand particles carried by the winds and the ones rolling themselves. The moisture
content of the ground is key to this natural phenomenon.
The sand particles are transported by the

winds and when they are dropped on different
surfaces, the moisture content of the surfaces
decides if the sand dune can be formed.
Accordingly, dry ground with low moisture
content does not create conditions for sand
dune formation; instead, it causes sand
particles to bounce off the ground and roll
away. In contrast, wet ground with high
moisture content allows sand particles to
stick together and accumulate until sand
dunes are formed.
After the sand dune formation, sand particles

on the slipface continue to roll, from a sand
dune to another wet ground. Also, winds ---
create conditions for this formation as they carry new sand particles from
another place or from one sand dune to another. These two phenomena keep
repeating until new sand dunes are formed.
Vocabulary
1. moisture content = độ ẩm 2. slipface = mặt trượt (của một đụn cát)
3. to bounce off the ground and roll away =

4. to create conditions for ... = tạo điều kiện
bật ra khỏi mặt đất và lăn đi cho ...
Writing Task 1
The diagram illustrates the design and mechanism of a modern landfill used for
household waste decomposition.
Overall, this modern landfill is an underground construction with a two-layered

design. In this almost-closed system, household waste, in liquid and solid forms,
naturally decomposes, generating generate biogas and mud-liked waste.
This construction is a man-made

hole, with a base of natural rocks
to prevent waste leakage. In the
hole lies a waste tank made of
synthetic material, which is
covered by a layer of clay to
isolate the tank from the soil layer
outside. A system of drainage
pipes installed inside the tank
connects it with the house
sewerage; a drainage tank is also
set up inside this plastic tank.
During the use, solid waste is

dumped into the tank while liquid
waste is discharged using drainage
pipes and stored in the drainage tank. During the decomposing process, a layer of
clay is used to seal the landfill, enabling solid waste to decompose naturally to
form mud-like waste. Also, the biogas generated in this process is driven back to
the house using a pipe to serve household purposes.
Vocabulary
1. to prevent waste leakage = để tránh rò rỉ
2. to seal the landfill = niêm kín hố rác
chất thải
3. in liquid and solid forms = ở dạng cả rắn
4. to naturally decompose = phân hủy một
và dạng lỏng cách tự nhiên
Writing Task 1
The diagram depicts soft cheese production in detailed steps.
Overall, the 5-stage process turns a mixture of water and milk into soft cheese.
During the process, the thickness of the liquid is proportional to its water content
loss.
The soft cheese production begins with milk and water mixed together, followed
by a cooling stage lasting 2 hours in a tank at 5 degrees Celsius. Before this
mixture undergoes subsequent stages, salt is added to it.
The two following stages are fermentation and evaporation with the involvement
of heat at different levels, (at 35 and 100 degrees Celsius, respectively). While the
former lasts only 2 hours, the latter takes place for 8 hours; during the
evaporation stage a part of the water content in the liquid is boiled, turned into
steam, and escapes the tank through a hole, and wastewater is discharged. The
liquid is then cooled in another tank at 5 degrees Celsius for 16 hours until it
reaches a standardized thickness to become soft cheese and is extracted using a
filter.
Vocabulary
1. A to be proportional to B = A tỷ lệ thuận
2. cheese content in this mixture = hàm
với B lượng phô mai trong hỗn hợp

3. to be kept steady at 5 degrees = được giữ
4. to turn into steam = biến thành hơi nước
ở định ở mức 5 độ C

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Writing Task 1

The diagram shows differences in the distribution of temperature zones between

The first zone is the permanent snow zone,

3. the distribution of vegetation = sự phân

bố của thảm thực vật từ độ cao ...

The sand particles are transported by the

After the sand dune formation, sand particles

3. to bounce off the ground and roll away =

bật ra khỏi mặt đất và lăn đi cho ...

Overall, this modern landfill is an underground construction with a two-layered

This construction is a man-made

During the use, solid waste is

và dạng lỏng cách tự nhiên

The diagram depicts soft cheese production in detailed steps.

với B lượng phô mai trong hỗn hợp

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