Learning Material

COURSE: ICT IN TEACHING AND LEARNING

MODULE-1: EDUCATION IN INFORMATION AGE

Unit-1.1: Emerging Trends of ICT in Teaching and Learning

Lesson-1.1.4: Benefits of ICT in Teaching-Learning activities and Educational

Management

Dr. K. James Mathai, Associate Professor

National Institute of Technical Teachers’ Training & Research,
Shamla Hills, Bhopal M.P. INDIA 462002
 COURSE: ICT IN TEACHING AND LEARNING MODULE-1: EDUCATION IN INFORMATION AGE
M1U1: Lesson-1: Benefits of ICT in Teaching-Learning activities and Educational Management

ICT IN TEACHING AND LEARNING

OBJECTIVES OF THE COURSE
The participants (means teachers or potential teachers) of this course will be able to:
Integrate ethically appropriate pedagogy of Information and Communication Technology
(ICT) into Teaching-Learning Process for a given situation.
Learning Outcomes:
The participants (means teachers or potential teachers) of this course will be able to:
i). Select an appropriate Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Teacher-
Directed Learning (TDL) and Learner Directed Learning (LDL) situation Week-1 & 2
ii). Integrate an appropriate ICT pedagogy into Teaching-Learning Process (Open Educational
Resources Video and Interactive video tutorials, Virtual Lab, Virtual Reality, Individualized
learning, Blended learning and Flipped Learning, Small Private Online Course (SPOC),
Massive Open Online Course(MOOC), and mlearning) Week-2, 3 &4
iii). Fortify the ethical- intellectual property rights /copyright handling, legal, security, and
Software related issues in using ICT. Week-4
Structure of Module - 1 Learning Material
Page No.
LESSON: 1.1.4
1.0 Introduction 1
2.0 Benefits of Using ICT in Teaching and Learning 2
2.1 Teachers Directed Learning (TDL) 2
2.2 Learner Directed Learning (LDL) 2
3.0 ICT For Educational Management 4
3.1 Managing ICT infrastructure of the Institution 5
3.2 ICT as Administrative tool 5
3.3 E-Governance through Management Information System 5
3.4 Communicate with community, Parents, and Students 6
3.5 Design, develop and deliver a virtual learning environment 6
3.6 Resource Sharing 7
3.7 Assistive Technology (AT) 7
4.0 Challenges and Issues in using ICT 7
4.1 Challenges 7
4.2 Issues 8
5.0 Summary 9

Discussion Forum Topics 10

References and Further readings 11

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 COURSE: ICT IN TEACHING AND LEARNING MODULE-1: EDUCATION IN INFORMATION AGE
M1U1: Lesson-1: Benefits of ICT in Teaching-Learning activities and Educational Management

LESSON-1.1.4: BENEFITS OF ICT IN TEACHING- LEARNING AND EDUCATIONAL

MANAGEMENT

Learning Outcomes:
• Appraise benefits of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in
teaching- learning activities and educational management.

1.0 INTRODUCTION
In the era of a Knowledge-based society, quality education, and ‘education for all’ can be
achieved by Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). It can be used for
educational management, online teaching, and learning
activities, and library automation as shown in figure (4.1) Educational Management

Online Learning

Library

Figure (4.1): Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in an Institution

On one hand, in the ‘Teachers Directed Learning’; the smart classroom such as computer
technology, LCD projectors, television, electronic smart boards, PowerPoint, etc. have many
benefits as compared to the conventional situation. These technologies help in enhancing the
potential of teachers in classroom teaching. At the same time, webcasting lectures through

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M1U1: Lesson-1: Benefits of ICT in Teaching-Learning activities and Educational Management

A-VIEW, GOOGLE hangout, Webinar technologies can also help for uniform quality education
and to reach out to students at geographically distant places.
On other hand, the greater use of ‘Learner Directed Learning’ through ICT in form of
personalized learning using portable devices, video tutorials and interactive, virtual reality
digital libraries, e-books, webcast lectures, Virtual Labs, Virtual Reality, Small Open Online
Courses (SPOOCs), Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), m-learning, etc. have exponential
benefits. This ICT-enabled method helps the etutors to offer quality e-content; both for
education in the classroom situation, beyond the classroom, and also to a large number of
population at a distance in a structured, flexible, interactive, blended and open way.
Some of the major benefits of using ICT for teaching and learning, institutional management
are discussed below.
2.0 BENEFITS OF USING ICT IN TEACHING AND LEARNING
ICT in the last few decades has transformed teaching and learning. Indeed, there is a visible
impact in Indian higher education by way of policy formulations at the National level to
empower, encourage, enhance and enable effective use of ICT to transform the teaching and
learning processes in different domains. This is done by enabling teachers' and learners’
instructional opportunities through ICT infrastructures and encouraging teachers to use ICT-
based learning.
2.1 Teachers Directed Learning (TDL)-The Teachers Directed Learning (TDL) using smart
classrooms with enhanced technology; foster opportunities for teaching by computers,
LCD projectors, electronic smart boards, television, etc. TDL integrates learning
technology like computers, software, assistive listening devices, networking, and
audio/visual aids.
2.2 Learner Directed Learning (LDL)-In Learner Directed Learning (LDL), the learners are
empowered by self-directed learning by giving control of learning at their place, pace,
and time. The teachers use ICT for life-long learning such as research, update, and
enhancing “Deep Learning” by the use of ICT-based teaching/learning resources. ICT can
also be used by teachers for online academic interaction through seminars, workshops,
video conferencing.

Some other important benefits of using ICT in teaching and learning are- convenience, cost-
effectiveness, consistency, media-rich character, repeated use, and ease to monitor. This is
as shown in figure(4.2) and discussed below:

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 COURSE: ICT IN TEACHING AND LEARNING MODULE-1: EDUCATION IN INFORMATION AGE
M1U1: Lesson-1: Benefits of ICT in Teaching-Learning activities and Educational Management

2. Cost-
Effectiveness
3.
1.Convenience Consistency

6.Easier to 4 Media-Rich
Monitor BENEFITS OF ICT IN LEARNERS DIRECTED LEARNING
Content

5.Repeatable

Figure (4.2): Benefits of ICT in Learners Directed Learning

i). Convenience
• The learning is self-directed, on-demand- anytime and anywhere it can be facilitated
and self-paced. The learning progress can also be recorded and tracked through self-
assessment questions. It can be provided in a flexible manner using collaborative
tools for peer-to-peer and tutor interactions.
ii). Cost-effectiveness
• A virtual learning environment can be created, lessons can be shared among learners
and institutions which will reduce material costs and also reduce travel and
accommodation costs.
iii). Consistency
• ICT provides consistency. E-Content can be delivered from a central control which
will provide uniform quality of education to all students.
iv). Media-rich e-Content
• To the learners, media-rich e-content can be provided, which becomes easier to
understand and makes learners more engaging. The courseware can developed in all

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M1U1: Lesson-1: Benefits of ICT in Teaching-Learning activities and Educational Management

form such as text, graphics, audio, animation and video can used for delivering e-
content.
v). Repeatable
• The e-content can be delivered as many times the e-tutor wants without expenses.
vi). Easier to monitor progress
• The progress of learners-directed learning is easier to monitor and stored through
ICT with less administrative work and can be automated.
3.0 ICT for Educational Management
Educational Management is the process of planning, organizing, directing, controlling, and
evaluating to accomplish predetermined objectives of an institution through coordinated use
of human, material resources, and ICT. The power of ICT can not only be used to leverage the
teaching and learning process but also for educational management. It is also used to manage
and facilitate administrative tasks related to teaching and learning. It has become one of the
most important factors in an academic institution for improvement. It can contribute to the
academic and functional effectiveness of the educational system as shown in figure (4.3) and
discussed below.

2. Administrative
3. e-
1. ICT Infrastructure Tool
Governance
Management

7. Assistive 4.
Technology for Communication
Specially Challenged
Learners Tools

ICT IN EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT

66..RReso
esuorucerce 5 Develop
ShSahrainrging Virtual Learning
Environment

Figure (4.3): Benefits of ICT in Educational Management

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M1U1: Lesson-1: Benefits of ICT in Teaching-Learning activities and Educational Management

3.1 Managing ICT infrastructure of the institution

Managing the ICT infrastructure means software, services, procedures, hardware, processes,
and persons for efficient management of the educational institution. This would certainly
require ICT infrastructure such as Web server, hardware, and software platform, Institute-
wide networking and connectivity, etc.

3.2 ICT as an Administrative tool

Information and communication technology can be an effective tool for office automation,
administrative activities related to students administration, staff administration, general
administration, etc.

i). Staff Administration-

• ICT for processing staff recruitment
• ICT for performing routine office work by staff
• Automate attendance and leave management system
• Automate performance appraisal
• Communicate with staff using email
• Publish official circulars by the institution
• e-kiosks for information access in the institution etc.
ii). Student Administration-
• Use of computer for submission of registration form and payment of fees.
• Use of computer for publishing class schedule
• Use of computer for the recording of attendance
• Communicate with parents/guardians through email the academic achievements
of students.
• Manage hostel accommodation etc.
iii). Exam Administration-
• Use of computer for examination scheduling
• Deposit fee payment for examinations and record-keeping etc.
• Process and publish examination results of students etc

3.3 E-Governance through Management Information System

The ICT such as the Internet, Local Area Networks, mobile, etc. improves governance. ICT can
be an effective tool for developing Management Information systems by educational
institutions. It increases administrative efficiency, availability of information, easy retrieval
and availability of services, etc. The institution can maintain records such as official
transcripts, documents, files scholarly papers, important events for future references.
Academic records such as admission register, attendance register, cash register, stock

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registers, students’ progress records, logbooks, visitors book, staff and students personal file,
lesson plants examination results, etc.
Samarth eGov ERP
A project Initiative named ‘Samarth eGov ERP’ of Ministry of Education Government of
India and developed under NMEICT by Institute of Informatics and Communication,
University of Delhi. The Samarth eGov Suit is an Open Source, which is robust, secure,
scalable have a process automation engine for Universities and Higher Education
Institution. The package have different modules to automate and mange, Accounts &
Finance, Administration, Student Related services, Governance, Academics, Establishment
and HR.

3.4 Communicate with community, Parents, and Students

Educational institutions are increasingly dependent on ICT for establishing an effective
relationship with the community, parents, and students. This involves publishing information
related to the institute on the website for stockholders and community, use of ICT such as
email, blogs, online surveys for informing progress of students to the parents, getting quick
feedback, and involving them for improvement and effective decision making. Some
Examples
• Active Apps ( http://www.activeschoolapps.com.au/)
• Online survey tools (e.g. Google form)
• Free blogging services [e.g. from Google and WordPress (https://wordpress.com/)] to
update the information to parents, students, and the public in general.

3.5 Design, develop and deliver a virtual learning environment

The educational institution can host a virtual learning environment using a Learning
Management System (LMS) such as Modular Object-Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment
(MOODLE) software (https://moodle.org/) & Google Classroom
(www.classroom.google.com) for creating e-classroom and courses. Courses on different
subject areas can be designed, developed, delivered, and managed through LMS. The
students can have access to course content in form of reference materials, video tutorials, etc
uploaded on the course site. LMS provides a collection of tools such as a discussion board,
email, chat session, instant message for communication with peers and tutors. The learning
progress of the students can be assessed by automated multiple-choice questions, submission
type of questions, progress can be tracked, grades can be awarded and certified. The tools
such as wiki, workshops, blogs, RSS are available for collaborative activities.

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M1U1: Lesson-1: Benefits of ICT in Teaching-Learning activities and Educational Management

3.6 Resource sharing

The teachers can use computer servers for sharing instructional videos, and other educational
material such as multimedia like animation, visuals, multimedia presentations with the
learners. Images can be shared using software (e.g. https://www.flickr.com/) & Google drives
at https://www.google.com/drive and makes it available to teachers and students.

3.7 Assistive Technology (AT)

Assistive Technology (AT) is an important enabler for the participation of specially challenged
students. An inclusive classroom and equal opportunity is important component of education.
Students with physical or learning disabilities need social pedagogy and assistive technologies
for education. These often include laptops/ computers with specialized programs, like the
text to speech, speech-to-text, graphic organizers speech recognition software. The
University of Athens Speech and Accessibility Laboratory has compiled an online inventory of
free Windows-based assistive applications and has a directory of free assistive technology
software - applications. This online inventory helps persons with disabilities with free
Windows-based accessibility applications. Some of its applications are grouped into five
technology categories and are available on http://www.pathstoliteracy.org/:
• Blindness
• Low vision
• Hearing
• Speech Disability
• Motor disability etc.

4.0 CHALLENGES AND ISSUES IN USING ICT

The eturor may face various challenges and issues to effectively use Information
Communication and Technology in the teaching and learning process. The various
challenges that the teacher may encounter are as follows:

4.1 Challenges
A challenge is defined as “any condition that makes it difficult to make progress or to
achieve an objective” (WordNet, 1997, as cited in Schoepp, 2005, p. 2). Integration of
ICT in the teaching-learning process may poss various difficulties due to:
i) Teachers’ perception about the use of technology- The teacher’s perception and
perceived barriers to the use of technology tools in the classroom’s teaching and
learning process may hinder the use of ICT in the classroom, blended or fully online
mode.
ii) Limited Access and network connection- Lack of accessibility of ICT resources to
teachers and students is an important challenge. It will vary from institution to

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institution and country to country. The fast-changing technologies and their

awareness would also add to the problems. At the same time, insufficient
availability or no availability of ICT are barriers to reaping the benefits of ICT.
iii) Limited Technical Support- There could be several reasons for teachers and
students being unable to use technology. Lack of support from technical manpower
could be a barrier for use of ICT in education. Malfunction of computer, printer,
Internet connectivity, etc. could be a hindrance in smooth delivery or access to an
e-content resource/course.
iv) Lack of Teachers Training- Lack of training of teachers in the use of ICT could also
be a hindrance to effective use of ICT in a classroom or online mode. Therefore
teachers must be trained in online technologies.
v) Lack of teacher competence- The lack of teachers’ confidence in the use of
technologies will be a challenge for the pedagogical integration of ICT in practice.
vi) Lacks of Time- Use of technologies requires sufficient time. This would require
effective lesson planning giving ample time for use of technologies during the
classroom or online/offline learning.
vii) An attitude of teachers and students- The success of ICT-enabled teaching and
learning also depends upon the positive or negative attitude of teacher and
student. A little positive effort in using ICT will bring about great change in learning
as this is going to be the way of future learning in the 21st Century.

4.2 Issues

In this global age, there are several issues that the Technical Education System of our
country is facing today. Issues are something that raises a problem or challenge or gives a
certain view or direction regarding the matter. The important issues to be addressed are
as follows:
i) Global Competitions & Changing Industrial scenario – In India, the high investment,
and labor-oriented mechanical industries scenario is changing to automated, and
knowledge-oriented Industries. These knowledge-based industries have thrown open
large technological development & new job opportunities. Due to this, a need has
emerged to keep abreast with the fast technological changes happening around the
world. But, the knowledge and skillsets required by an individual to successfully lead
life have also expanded for new job opportunities, throwing up challenges of learning
more and more throughout one’s life. The use of ICT could be a solution.
ii) A paradigm shift in Educational Psychology – There is a paradigm shift in education
psychology- on the way the teaching process has to occur i.e. the teacher’s role of
teaching vis-a-vis the teacher’s role of helping the student learn based on
Constructivist & Connectivity philosophy of learning. Added to that challenge of
pedagogy, the teachers have to package more and more for the learning within the

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same amount of time available. There is also a shift in the way young Indians desire
to learn i.e. using ICT rather than chalkboard-based instruction. ICT can help in solving
the above issues. Certainly to a large extent.
iii) Providing Pedagogical Learning Opportunities to Teachers & Learners- Every Indian
deserves to be given a chance to have the highest quality education. But not all
learners get admission in the undergraduate and higher education system. The
scarcity of trained teachers critically hinders this national desire. The ICT can empower
teachers to reach out to learners’ using a unique blend of technology in the classroom
and also beyond at distance mode with innovative pedagogy.
iv) The increasing availability of Information & Communication Technologies for
Education, Training & Research – Today, there is an increasing trend of availability of
Information technology. Out of the estimated, 135.00 billion population in India;
462.12crores of Indians have internet connections. It is about 34.1% of penetration in
population https://www.internetworldstats.com/stats3.htm. The fast technological
development also requires continuous content updating of technical manpower of our
country. This is possible only when thousands of technical teachers’, technical
manpower’s employed in various Indian industries and future knowledge-based
societies are continuously trained and retrained. The content updating for such a large
number of technical manpower is only possible through Information and
Communication Technology enabled web-based training but not by contact mode of
teaching and learning.
v) Academic concerns of teaching & learning Paradigm- There is an emerging shift in the
teaching-learning paradigm from conventional-teacher-centered learning to
emerging-learner-centered learning. The table shows the paradigm shift between the
two:

S.No. Conventional Paradigm Emerging Paradigm

i) Information delivery Information exchange
ii) Concrete/factual knowledge & Knowledge construct & Reflection
Reproduction.
iii) Use of mostly single media Use of mostly multi- media
iv) Passive learning and assessment Active learning and assessment

The ICT could be a potential solution for this emerging paradigm.

5.0 SUMMARY

In this lesson you have learned about the potential of ICT, it can empower, encourage,
enhance and enable effective use to support and transform the teaching and learning process.
Some of the important benefits of using ICT are for teaching and learning and educational

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M1U1: Lesson-1: Benefits of ICT in Teaching-Learning activities and Educational Management

management. It can be used for managing the infrastructure of the Institution. The cost-
effectiveness, consistency, media-rich content, repeatability, and ease to monitor are the
important attributes for enhancing the teaching and learning process. It brings about a change
in the role of teachers/ etutors as the facilitator, guide, coach, and mentor. We have also seen
the challenges and issues of using ICT in teaching and learning.

DISCUSSION FORUM TOPIC(S)

i). Describe the benefits of ICT for teacher-directed learning and learner-directed learning?
ii). Describe the use of ICT in any Institute for Educational Management.

Note: The reply to the above topic of discussion be mailed at [email protected]

with its subject as “Lesson number”+ “Your Name in short”.
For Example, “Lesson 1.1.4-KJMathai”. Every learner has to email their response on the
above topic for assessment.

REFERENCES & BIBLIOGRAPHY

[1] Instructional Technology and Media for Learning (2005), Sharon E Smaldino, James D.
Russell, Robert Heinich, Michael Moldenda, Eighth Edition, Eighth Edition, Pearson
Prentice Hall, USA.
[2] Information and Communication Technologies in Teacher Education- A Planning
Guide, Evgueni Khvilon, Mariana Patru, Division of Higher Education, UNESCO 2002.
[3] ICTs in Education, InfoDev's Knowledge Maps: . (2017). Teachers, Teaching and ICTs.
Retrieved from InfoDev-Innovation & Entrepreneurship Supported by World Bank
Group: http://www.infodev.org/articles/teachers-teaching-and-icts

SELF-INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL
Papers/Articles
[i]. Mathai K.James, Soni S.K., ‘Interactive Learning in Virtual Environment’, The
Indian Journal of Technical Education, Vol-21, No.3 July-Sept’98, New Delhi,
INDIA.
[ii]. Mathai K.James, ‘Establishing Virtual University- An Institution for On-Line
Education’, The Indian Journal of Technical Education, Vol-24, No.1, Jan-Mar
2001, New Delhi, INDIA.
[iii]. Mathai K.James, Soni S.K., ‘Digital Library and Archives’, The Indian Journal of
Technical Education, Vol-25, No.1 Jan-Mar 2002, Pune INDIA
[iv]. MathaiK.James, ‘On-Line Education- A Flexible Mode of Distance Education’, The
Journal of Engineering Education, Oct-December, 2000, Pune, INDIA

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M1U1: Lesson-1: Benefits of ICT in Teaching-Learning activities and Educational Management

[v]. Mathai K.James, Karaulia D.S., ‘Re-Engineering Adult Education Programme-An

Online Learning Curricular Perspective’, Journal of Korea Multimedia Society,
Korea Multimedia Society, Vol,6, No.4, July 2003, Korea.
[vi]. Mathai K.James, ‘Dichotomy in online Curriculum Development Approaches-
Contemporary online Learning vis-a-vis Computer-Supported Collaborative
Learning’, The Journal of Engineering Education, Special Issue on Current
Scenario, Emerging Challenges & future Trends, Vol XIX No. 3 & 4, January
2006, Pune, INDIA
[vii]. K.J.Mathai, ‘Impact of Distance Learning Program through Live Webcast Lecture
for Industrial Training Institute’s Faculty in India”, international conference on
Education & Information Systems, Technologies And Applications-EISTA:2016
05-08th July 2016, Florida, USA
[viii]. K.J.Mathai, ‘Mobile Learning In Higher Education Through SWAYAM- Indian
Context”, “International Academic Conference on Teaching, Learning and E-
learning (IAC-TLEl 2018)”, from 17-18thMarch 2018, Budapest, Hungary

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