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Tutorial 8

1. The document discusses concepts related to time-dependent and independent Schrodinger equations including the particle in a box model. It provides 11 problems related to normalization of wave functions, uncertainty principles, calculation of probabilities of finding a particle in different regions of a box, and determination of energy levels and potentials. 2. Key concepts covered are the particle in a box model, normalization of wave functions, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, calculation of probabilities and expectation values from wave functions, energy levels and selection rules for transitions between levels, and quantization of energy for particles confined in boxes. 3. The problems calculate probabilities, energy levels, potentials, and normalization constants for various wave functions describing particles in boxes and determine

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Aryan Arora
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113 views

Tutorial 8

1. The document discusses concepts related to time-dependent and independent Schrodinger equations including the particle in a box model. It provides 11 problems related to normalization of wave functions, uncertainty principles, calculation of probabilities of finding a particle in different regions of a box, and determination of energy levels and potentials. 2. Key concepts covered are the particle in a box model, normalization of wave functions, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, calculation of probabilities and expectation values from wave functions, energy levels and selection rules for transitions between levels, and quantization of energy for particles confined in boxes. 3. The problems calculate probabilities, energy levels, potentials, and normalization constants for various wave functions describing particles in boxes and determine

Uploaded by

Aryan Arora
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Tutorial sheet 8

Topic: Time dependent & independent schrodinder equations,


Normalization of ψ, Heisenberg uncertainty and Particle in a box
(and related concepts).

1. Consider a particle described by the wave function given by


ψ(x,t)=𝑒 𝑖(𝑘𝑥−ωt) , Check for whether it represents an
eigenfunction for any of the following operators:
i. Momentum, p = −𝑖ℏ(d/dx)
ii. Energy, E = 𝑖ℏ(d/dt)

2. The Hamiltonian operator of a system is H = −(𝑑 2 /d𝑥 2 )+ 𝑥 2 .


Show that N𝑥exp(-𝑥 2 /2) is an eigen function of H and
determine the eigen value. Also evaluate N by normalization
of the function.

3. For a particle in the second excited state (n = 3) within a one-


dimensional box of length L, calculate:

(a) the probability that the particle is in the left half of the box?

(b) the probability that the particle is in the middle third of the
box?

4. A particle is in a state with ψ(x) = (1/π)1/4 exp (−𝑥 2 /2). Find


the ∆x and ∆𝑝𝑥 . Hence evaluate the uncertainty product (∆x)(
∆𝑝𝑥 ).

5. The ground state wave function of a particle of mass m is given


by 𝝍(x, t) = exp(−𝛼 2 𝑥 4 /4), with energy eigenvalue ℏ2 𝛼 2 /m.
What is the potential in which the particle moves?
6. Given ψ(x) = (π/α)−1/4 exp (−𝛼 2 𝑥 2 /2), calculate uncertainty
in x that is (∆x).
𝑚𝑥2
−𝑎[( ℏ )+𝑖𝑡]
7. A particle of mass m is in the state 𝝍(x, t) = A 𝑒
where A and a are positive real constants.
(a) Find the constant A.
(b) Calculate the expectation values of x, 𝑥 2 , 𝑝 , 𝑝2 .

8. An electron in one dimensional infinite potential well defined


by V(x) = 0 for –a ≤ x ≤ a and V(x) = ∞ otherwise, goes from
the n = 4 to n = 2 level. The frequency of the emitted photon is
3.43 x 1014 Hz. Find the width of the box.

9. Calculate the zero-point energy for a particle in an infinite


potential well for the following three cases:
(a) A 100g ball confined on a 5m long line,
(b) An oxygen atom confined to a 2 × 10−10 𝑚 lattice, and
(c) An electron confined to a 10−10 m atom.

10. The wave function of a particle confined in a box of length


a is,
2 𝜋𝑥
𝝍(x, t) = √ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 , 0≤x≤a
𝑎 𝑎
Calculate the probability of finding the particle in the region
0 < x < a/2.

11. A system is defined by the wave function:


2πx L L
Ψ(x)=A cos( ) for − <x<
L 4 4

(a) Determine the normalization constant A.


(b) What is the probability that the particle will be found
between x = 0 and x = L/8?
12. Consider a one-dimensional particle which is confined
within the region 0≤x≤a and whose wave function is 𝝍(x, t) =
πx
sin ( )exp(-𝑖ωt)
𝑎
(a) Find the potential V(x).
(b) Calculate the probability of finding the particle in the
𝑎 3𝑎
interval ≤x≤ .
4 4

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