POLITEKNIK SEBERANG PERAI

HOME AUTOMATION(IoT)

AIDIL AFIQ BIN MUHAMED HANIF

(10DEP19F1042)

JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN ELEKTRIK

DECEMBER 2020
 POLITEKNIK SEBERANG PERAI

HOME AUTOMATION(IoT)

AIDIL AFIQ BIN MUHAMED HANIF

(10DEP19F1042)

This report submitted to the Electrical Engineering Department in fulfillment

of the requirement for a Diploma in Electrical Engineering.

JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN ELEKTRIK

DECEMBER 2020
 DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY AND OWNERSHIP

HOME AUTOMATION(IoT)

1. I’m, AIDIL AFIQ BIN MUHAMED HANIF (IC NO:0109120-07-0837) is a student of Diploma in
Electrical Engineering (Communication), Polytechnic Seberang Perai , which is located at
Jalan Permatang Pauh, 13500 ,Permatang Pauh ,Pulau Pinang.

2. I acknowledge that 'the Project above' and the intellectual property therein is the result of our
original creation /creations without taking or impersonating any intellectual property from the other
parties.

3. I agree to release the 'Project' intellectual property to 'The Polytechnic' to meet the requirements for
awarding the Diploma in Electrical Engineering (Communication) to me.

Made and declared ownership by; )

AIDIL AFIQ BIN MUHAMED HANIF ) ………………………
(IC Number : 0109120-07-0837) ) AIDIL AFIQ BIN
MUHAMED HANIF

In front of me,NORLIZAH BINTI ISMAIL( ) …………………………..

As a project supervisor, on the date:…………….. ) NORLIZAH BINTI
ISMAIL
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my gratitude towards my project’s supervisor, Madam Norlizah Binti Ismail, for
all the guidance and time spent on us throughout the project.

I would also love to thank all who are involved, whether directly or indirectly, that has helped me
throughout the project.
 ABSTRACT

The main objective of this project is to construct a home automation system using a NodeMCU, being

remotely controlled by any Android OS smart phone. As technologies is advancing, houses are also getting

smarter. Modern houses are gradually changing from conventional switches to centralized control system,

involving remotely controlled switches. Nowdays, conventional wall switches are located at different parts

of the house, which makes it difficult for the user to operate them.It becomes more difficult to the elderly

or physically handicapped people to do so. Remote controlled home automation system provides the most

modern solution. In order to achieve this it will need a Wifi module which is the NodeMCU and a

GUI(Graphical User Interface) application on the cell phone to send commands to the receiver where loads

are connected. By touching at the specified location on the GUI, the loads can be turned controlled remotely

through this technology.

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CONFIRMATION OF THE PROJECT i

DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITTY AND OWNERSHIP iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv
ABSTRACT v
TABLE OF CONTENT vi
CHAPTER 1:INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Project background 2
1.3 Problem statement 3
1.4 Project objectives 4
1.5 Project scope 4
1.6 Significance of project 5
1.7 Expected results 5
1.8 Conclusions 6
CHAPTER 2:LITTERATURE REVIEW 7
2.1 Introduction 7
2.2 Previous research 8
2.3 Conclusion 10
CHAPTER 3:METHODOLOGY 11
3.1 Introduction 11
3.2 Format of research 12
3.2.1 Procedures 12
3.2.2 Components and materials 15
3.2.2.1 Hardware description 15
3.2.2.2 Software description 19
3.3 Conclusions 21
REFERENCES 22
APPENDICES 23
APPENDIX 1: Gantt chart 23
APPENDIX 2: Schematic of the circuit 23
APPENDIX 3: Project cost estimation 24
APPENDIX 4: System flow chart and circuit working 25
APPENDIX 5: Block diagram 28
 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Home automation seems to be a buzzing amongst the younger generations, allowing them to control their

household’s lights and so on with a connected devices. It’s an easy and affordable way to contorl home and energy

consumption. For others, such as the elderly and disabled, home automation can be the answer to great independence

and peace-of-mind for them and their loved ones. When mobility is limited, taking care of simple tasks around the

house becomes more difficult. This project of mine mainly focuses on helping the elderly and disabled people to

manage their house just at their fingertip.

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1.2 PROJECT BACKGROUND

The Home Automation system idea has existed for many years. The terms like Smart Home, Intelligent

Home followed and has been used to introduce the concept of networking appliances and devices in the house.

Home automation systems represents a great opportunity in creating new fields in engineering. Home automation

includes control of lighting, appliances, security locks of gates and doors and other systems, to provide improved

comfort, energy efficiency and security system. Home automation systems becoming popular nowadays and enter

quickly in this emerging market. However, the users, especially the disabled and elderly due to their complexity and

cost, do not always accept these Home Automation systems.

Due to the advancement of wireless technology, there are different of connections are introduced such

as GSM, WIFI, and Bluetooth. Each of the connection stated has their unique specifications and applications.

Among the four popular wireless connections that often implemented in Home Automation project, Wifi is being

chosed with its suitable capability. The capabilities of wifi is more than enough to be implemented in the design.

Moreover, most of the current laptop or Smartphone come with built-in Wifi adapter. It will indirectly reduce the

cost of the system.

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1.3 PROBLEM STATEMENT

There is a huge energy waste in the present situation of our country. Moreover, people becomes negligent to

proper utilization of available energy. Many often forget to turn of the light sources and home appliance before getting

out from home. Even in those situation, home automation makes it possible to control them from a distant place in

simplest way with our smartphone.

People are early and late running from place to place, working to accomplish everything on our never ending to-do

list. Because of the Home Automation system, we never have to take tension about opening the door, switching off

the appliances and so on. In short we can save valuable time and experiences more daily productivity

Not only that , the global population aged 60 years or over numbered 962 million in 2017, more than twice as large as

in 1980 when there were 382 million older persons worldwide. The number of older persons is expected to double

again by 2050, when it is projected to reach nearly 2.1 billion. The world must be prepared to face the increasing

number of elderlies by giving them the facilities to live their life. Elderlies has lesser energy compared to youngsters

which limits them from doing most of the works single handedly. The elderly and the handicapped user faced problem

to manually access control of light. With this Home Automation system , we can help them by giving them the ability

to manage house at their fingertip .

In addition to that , owning a gas stove comes with the potential risk of a gas leak. When natural gas leaks, it causes a

physical reaction in humans and animals, which worsens with prolonged exposure. Left untreated, the leak increases

the risk of an explosion from a spark or other source.

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1.4 PROJECT OBJECTIVES

The main objectives of our object are as follows:

- To control households like lights, locking and unlocking doors and so on by using a WiFi connected mobile device.

- To develop a home security system to cut down the risk of getting robbed.

-To establish a gas leakage system to prevent fatal accidents.

1.5 PROJECT SCOPE

This project is focusing on home automation and home security system. This project involves a NODEMCU,

ESP32CAM, and MQ2 SMOKE SENSOR . The home automation will be build to be controlled by a WiFi connected

mobile phone. This is anticipated to manage the households almost from anywhere inside the house. The NODEMCU

and other parts of the circuit (relays, motors,sensors) will be strategically placed inside the house to avoid any

unwanted accidents. The mobile phone and the NODEMCU should be connected under the same WiFi , if both is

connected on seperate networks ,the home automation wouldn’t be working. Project will be completed within 14

weeks.

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1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF PROJECT

The research finding will contribute towards the economy by utilizing only those resources that are needed.

With this Home Automation system, it ensures the energy and resources are used necessarily while at home. The most

beneficial impact the system will have is on people’s monthly utility bill. No longer will be spending money for

household appliances left on in anyone’s absence. This is certainly convenient. The user will have complete control

to make sure costs are low without exerting any additional effort. Furthermore, for peoples who are living in a

neighborhood, a small spark of fire within the house, left unnoticed, could cost the lives of many. By having this

home automation, the owner and the neighborhood will be alerted when there’s gas leakage within the house and early

actions could be taken before it becomes lethal.

1.7 EXPECTED RESULTS

At the end of this study, it is expected to produce a Home Automation system as a replacement to the

traditional old way of managing the house and a better security system that would contribute to the safety of the

user’s life and the life of many.

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1.8 CONCLUSION

In conclusion, controlling households at the end of fingertip without much movement would be a desirable

home automation system to many of the peoples out there, especially to the elderly and disabled people. Besides that,

the smart doorbell which comes together with the home automation system ,can be a very useful home security system.

It could definitely reduces the chances of being a victim of a burglary. Lastly, with this home automation system, fire

accidents could be kept away from the very early stage by alerting the owner and people nearby. WIFI is used as the

communication channel between android phone and the NODEMCU. Hence, we can conclude that the required goals

and objectives of home automation system will be achieved. In the next chapter, the literature review on the project

will be presented.

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 CHAPTER 2: LITEATURE REVIEW

2.1 INTRODUCTION

Different approaches have been made towards home automation systems. An SMS based method used GSM

technology available in phones to communicate with a microcontroller which acts as the main controller to access

home appliances. A GSM module is also required to be joined to the microcontroller through a port to enable SMS

abililty. The disadvantage of such a system is that it is not user-friendly, as there is no graphical user interface(GUI),

and command codes must be recalled to operate the system. Another method focuses on voice recognition to send

commands through a wireless RF network. The voice commands is recorded using a microphone, digitalized, and sent

to a computer to be processed by a program. Upon recognizing the voice commands, control signals are sent to the

specified appliance address to be taken action on. However, the tested system was not always accurate in recognizing

voice commands that were sent . Hand gestures were also suggested as a control for home automation systems . A

small camera is wore as a necklace to watch the various gestures made by a user’s hand in order to deciphered and

send command signals. To use such technologies, it requires the use of a high-end PC to process data, which results

in a higher setup cost.

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2.2 PREVIOUS RESEARCH

According to author P. J. Rani(2017)et al, The devices connected to the Arduino board can be controlled by

voice commands, eliminating the need to control using the application interface.

The disadvantage is that since a user defined NLP(Neuro Linguistic Programming) algorithm is used, there is a

chance the assistant will not be able to recognize commands properly.

According to author N. Vikram et al(2017), The system can be controlled directly from the Wifi module which

eliminates the need of using Arduino board, the command can directly be given by the user to the Wifi module to

control the appliances accordingly.

The disadvantage is that since the equipment that is used is from low cost, there can be numerous occasions where

you will encounter errors or technical difficulties.

According to author H. Singh. et al(2018), The Arduino is connected to the Bluetooth module, all the appliances

can be controlled using the Arduino but it needs to be within a small distance for it to connect to the Bluetooth.

The downside is that since Bluetooth module is used, the range where the home appliances can be controlled is

limited.

According to author Nagendra et al(2016), Wi-Fi technology was used to control the devices which uses an

application on your smart phone, the system can be controlled even remotely.

The drawback is that since a Wifi module is used, the application that is uilized to control the home appliances

needed to be connected to the internet at all times.

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 According to author Baby et al(2017) , A home automation system was developed that can be controlled by either

an web application or a Chabot.

The catch is that since a texting Chabot is used instead of a voice Chabot, the user will be needed to manually

type in the commands, which not only will consume more time, but is also will not be convenient to the user.

REFERENCES

1. P. J. Rani, J. Bakthakumar, B. P. Kumaar, and S. Kumar, "Voice controlled home automation system using Natural

Language Processing and Internet of Things," 2017 Third International Conference on Science Technology

Engineering & Management , Chennai, 2017, pp. 368-373.

2. N. Vikram, K. S Harish, M. S. Nihaal, R. Umesh and A. Kumar, "A Low Cost Home Automation System Using

Wi-Fi Based Wireless Sensor Network Incorporating Internet of Things (IoT)," 2017 IEEE 7th International Advance

Computing Conference (IACC), Hyderabad, 2017, pp. 174-178.

3. H. Singh, V. Pallagani and U. Venkanna, "IoT based smart home automation system using sensor node," 2018 4th

International Conference on Recent Advances in Information Technology (RAIT), Dhanbad, 2018, pp. 1-5.

4. P. S. Nagendra Reddy, K. T. Kumar Reddy, G. N. Kodanda Ramaiiah and S. N. Kishor, "An IoT based home

automation using android applications," 2016 International Conference on Signal Processing, Power and Embedded

System (SCOPES), Paralakhemundi, 2016, pp. 285-290

5. C. J. Baby and J. N. Swathi, "Home automation system using IoT and a chatbot using natural language processing,"

2017 Innovations in Power and Advanced Computing Technologies (i-PACT), Vellore, 2017, pp. 1-6.

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2.3 CONCLUSION

From the research that have been done regarding this project, it can be concluded that many advantages and

disadvantages were outlined from the previous Home Automation systems. Considering all this aspects above, through

this project, a perfect Home Automation system will be produced to give the user the best experience they would ever

have. In the next chapter , the methodology for the project will be presented.

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 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY

3.1 INTRODUCTION

Research methodology is the specific procedures or techniques used to identify, select, process, and analyze

information about a topic. The method is used to achieve the objective of the project that will contribute to a perfect

result.

3.2 FORMAT OF RESEARCH

The research is done using qualitative method.

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3.2.1 PROCEDURE

In order to evaluate this project, the methodology based on System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) were

done, where generally it contains three major step, which is planning, implementing and analysis.

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1)Planning

To identify all the requirements such as hardware and software, planning must be done in proper manner. The planning

phase will have two main elements namely data collection and the requirements of hardware and software.

Data collection

At this stage I have planned about the projects resources and requirements, literature studies and schedule to get

more information on this study. All the materials are collected from journals, texts book and research papers which I

have gathered from Internet.

Hardware and software requirement

At this stage, I will start constructing the circuit schematic and codings.

2)Implementing

It is divided into 2 stages which are Implement the project and Testing point.

Implement the project

At this stage, I will implement the circuit schematic and codings.

Testing point

The working of the circuit will be tested at this point.

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3)Analysis

The analysis stage is the final stage in this methodology where the two points will be done. The analysis is based on

the performance of the project and the second is identifying the conclusion.

Analyze the performance

The performance is evaluated according to the output obtained from the project.

Identify the conclusion

Creating reports and summarizing the output of the experiment.

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3.2.2 COMPONENTS AND MATERIALS

This section is divided into two parts which are hardware description and software description.

3.2.2.1 HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

1) Relay

Relays are switches that open and shut circuits electromechanically or electronically. Relays control one

circuit by opening and shutting contacts in another circuit. As relay diagrams show, when a relay contact is generally

open (NO), there's an open +contact when the relay isn't energized. When a relay contact is generally Closed (NC),

there's a closed contact when the relay isn't energized. In either case, applying electrical current to the contacts will

change their state. Relays are generally used to switch smaller currents in a circuit. Nonetheless, relays can "control"

larger voltages and amperes by having an amplifying effect because a little voltage applied to a relays coil may result

during a large voltage being switched by the contacts. Protective relays can prevent equipment damage by detecting

electrical abnormalities, including overcurrent, undercurrent, overloads and reverse currents. In addition, relays also

are widely accustomed to switch starting coils, heating elements, pilot lights and audible alarms.

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2)MQ2 Smoke Sensor

The MQ-2 smoke sensor is sensitive to smoke and to the subsequent flammable gases:

• LPG

• Butane

• Propane

• Methane

• Alcohol

• Hydrogen

The resistance of the sensor is different counting on the sort of the gas.

The smoke sensor has a built-in potentiometer that allows to adjust the sensor sensitivity according to how accurately
required to detect gas.

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3)NodeMCU

The NodeMCU is an open-source software and hardware development environment built around an inexpensive

System-on-a-Chip called the ESP8266. The ESP8266 contains the crucial elements of a computer: CPU, RAM, Wifi

and even a modern operating system. That makes it an excellent choice for the Internet of Things projects of all kind.

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4)ESP32CAM

ESP32-CAM is an ESP32 Wireless IoT Vision Development Board in a very small form factor, designed to be used

in various IoT projects, such as home smart devices, industrial wireless control, wireless monitoring, QR wireless

identification and so on. It supports deep sleep mode with power consumption as low as 6mA at 5V which makes it

ideal for portable IoT applications. It's suitable as a low-cost CCTV camera.

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3.2.2.2 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION

1)Setting up Blynk application

This project runs by Blynk application. Download the application on a smartphone from Google Play Store and then

create a project on it with four switches and one gauge to be as a gas scale. Set buttons to be switches on D5, D6, D7

and D8. Then set a gauge on A0 because the sensor output is attached at A0 in NodeMCU board. Figure 5 shows

screenshots from Blynk application.

Figure 5

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2)Coding NodeMCU Through Arduino IDE

To upload the code to NodeMCU via Arduino IDE, the NodeMCU needs to be added into Arduino IDE library first

by adding it to Arduino IDE preferences. After that, download NodeMCU at boards manager and then select

NodeMCU 1.0. After NodeMCU is added to Arduino IDE library, upload the code with the hotspot name, password

and also the token code obtained through Blynk app.

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3.3 CONCLUSION

As a conclusion, every project will have different methodologies that is being used to make the project successful

and working well. In this chapter, the format of research, the procedures needed to complete the project and the

components that are suitable for the project were discussed. The components were selected according to their cost and

their function. The schematic diagram of the circuit , the flow chart of the project, the working of the project,the cost

estimation for the project and the gantt chart is attached in the appendix section.

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 REFERENCES

1) P. J. Rani, J. Bakthakumar, B. P. Kumaar, and S. Kumar, "Voice controlled home automation system using Natural

Language Processing and Internet of Things," 2017 Third International Conference on Science Technology

Engineering & Management , Chennai, 2017, pp. 368-373.

2) N. Vikram, K. S Harish, M. S. Nihaal, R. Umesh and A. Kumar, "A Low Cost Home Automation System Using

Wi-Fi Based Wireless Sensor Network Incorporating Internet of Things (IoT)," 2017 IEEE 7th International Advance

Computing Conference (IACC), Hyderabad, 2017, pp. 174-178.

3) H. Singh, V. Pallagani and U. Venkanna, "IoT based smart home automation system using sensor node," 2018 4th

International Conference on Recent Advances in Information Technology (RAIT), Dhanbad, 2018, pp. 1-5.

4) P. S. Nagendra Reddy, K. T. Kumar Reddy, G. N. Kodanda Ramaiiah and S. N. Kishor, "An IoT based home

automation using android applications," 2016 International Conference on Signal Processing, Power and Embedded

System (SCOPES), Paralakhemundi, 2016, pp. 285-290

5) C. J. Baby and J. N. Swathi, "Home automation system using IoT and a chatbot using natural language processing,"

2017 Innovations in Power and Advanced Computing Technologies (i-PACT), Vellore, 2017, pp. 1-6.

6) https://scite.ai/

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 APPENDICES

APPENDIX 1: Gantt chart

APPENDIX 2: Circuit schematic

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APPENDIX 3: Project cost of estimation

BIL THINGS QUANTITY PRICE

1. NodeMCU 1 RM 20.00
2. JUMPER CABLE (MALE-FEMALE) 1 RM 5.00
3. JUMPER CABLE (FEMALE-FEMALE) 1 RM 5.00
4. BC547 TRANSISTOR 4 RM 4.00
5. ESP32-CAM 1 RM35.00
6. 10K OHM POTENTIOMETER 1 RM 30.00
7. 1K OHM RESISTOR 10 RM 2.50
8. lN4007 DIODE 4 RM 15.00
9. LED 5MM 4 RM 1.40
10. RELAY 12V 4 RM 80.00
11. VOLTAGE REGULATOR 7812 12V 1 RM 5.00
12. VOLTAGE REGULATOR 7805 5V 1 RM 5.00
13. LCD 16X2 1 RM 15.00
14. 12V SOLENIOD LOCK 1 RM25.00
15. MQ2 SMOKE SENSOR 1 RM20.00
TOTAL 29 RM280.00

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APPENDIX 4: System flow chart and working

Figure 1: Blynk System Principle

The system is based on NodeMCU as an internet of things system. The NodeMCU is connected to the internet

through the hotspot of the smartphone.. A computer may be needed once to transfer the code from Arduino IDE into

the NodeMCU to prepare the software part of the project. Figure 1 shows how the server of Blynk application will

process the smartphone to NodeMCU connection. Blynk libraries are files that can be downloaded from Github

website to be included into the Arduino IDE library. Remaining processes are just the commands sent from smartphone

through Blynk application to NodeMCU to control loads that are connected to the relay as shown in Figure 2.

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Figure 2 : Flowchart of Load ON/OFF

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 To show the gas value on the android display, NodeMCU will send sensor output value to the Blynk

application back. Same as the turning on and off bulbs flowchart, Blynk server will check for internet connection and

the sensor output value to show the gas value correctly. The value will be showed by gauge tool in the Blynk

application after setting the input pin and gas scale as shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3 : Flowchart of Smoke Sensor

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 APPENDIX 5: Block diagram

The Power Supply will provide power to the system through the relay and NodeMCU ESP8266, so that all

components and appliances can work and function properly. NodeMCU ESP8266 microcontroller will read the gas

value by the MQ2 Smoke Sensor, and then send the data to the Blynk server in TCP / IP format for display on the

smart phone. NodeMCU ESP8266 microcontroller will also read commands that have been sent by the Blynk Server

in TCP / IP format which will then be converted into logic "HIGH" or "LOW" on pins by relay to regulate the on and

off of the home appliances. The internet, by utilizing Wifi becomes the central connection between Blynk application

and NodeMCU module.

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