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Lesson 1-Heat Transfer, Importance of Heat Transfer, Modes of Heat Transfer

The document outlines 11 different formulas for calculating heat transfer through various methods: 1. Conduction through plane walls is calculated based on the thermal conductivity, heat transfer area, and temperatures of the hot and cold sides. 2. Conduction through composite plane walls is calculated based on the thermal conductivities and thicknesses of each layer as well as the common heat transfer area and temperatures. 3. Overall heat transfer between two fluids can be calculated based on the surface film conductances and temperatures, or using the overall conductance and temperature difference.

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47 views3 pages

Lesson 1-Heat Transfer, Importance of Heat Transfer, Modes of Heat Transfer

The document outlines 11 different formulas for calculating heat transfer through various methods: 1. Conduction through plane walls is calculated based on the thermal conductivity, heat transfer area, and temperatures of the hot and cold sides. 2. Conduction through composite plane walls is calculated based on the thermal conductivities and thicknesses of each layer as well as the common heat transfer area and temperatures. 3. Overall heat transfer between two fluids can be calculated based on the surface film conductances and temperatures, or using the overall conductance and temperature difference.

Uploaded by

charmaine fos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Formulas for Heat Transfer

1. Conduction Through Plane Walls:

k A (t a−t b )
Q=
x

Where: Q = Heat Transmitted,


A = Heat Transfer area
ta = surface temperature on hot side
tb = surface temperature on cold side
x = thickness of wall
k = thermal conductivity, W/m - ℃

2. Conduction Through Composite Plane Wall:

A (t a−t c )
k 1 A (t a−t b)
Q= Q = x1 x 2
x1 +
k1 k2

k 2 A (t b−t c )
Q=
x1

Where: k1 = thermal conductivity if 1st layer


K2 = thermal conductivity of 2nd layer
A = Heat transfer area common to both wall

3. Conduction from Fluid to Fluid

Q = h1 A (t1 - ta)
Q = h2 A (tc – t2)

Where: h1 = surface film conductance on the hot side, W/m2-℃ .


h2 = surface film conductance on the cold side, W/m2-℃ .

A (t 1 −t 2 )
Q = 1 x1 x2 x3 1 Q = U A ∆t
+ + + +
h 1 k 1 k 2 k 3 h2

Where: U = overall conductance or overall coefficient of heat transfer, W/m2-℃


A = area, m2 = π r2
∆ t = temperature difference, ℃

4. Conduction Through Pipe

2 πkL(t a−t b ) 2 πkL(t a−t b )


Q= =
ln ¿ ¿ ln ¿ ¿

Where: L = pipe length

5. Conduction Through Composite Pipe

2 π k 1 L(t a−t b) 2 π k 2 L(t b −t c )


Q= =
ln ¿ ¿ ln ¿ ¿

2 πL(t a−t c )
Q=
ln ¿ ¿ ¿
6. Conduction Fluid to Fluid Through Pipe

Q = hi Ai (t1 - ta)
Q = ho Ao (tc – t2)

Where: hi = surface conductance on inside surface


ho = surface conductance on outside surface
Ai = Inside surface area = 2 π r1 L
Ao = Outside surface area = 2 π r3 L
(t 1−t 2 )
Q= 1
+ln ¿ ¿ ¿
A i hi

Q = U i A i ∆tmean

Q = U o Ao ∆ tmean

7. Mean Temperature Difference


a. PARALLEL FLOW
∆ tA = tx – t1
∆ tB = ty – t2

b. COUNTER FLOW
∆ tA = ty – t1
∆ tB = tx – t2

8. Mean Temperature Difference


∆ t A +∆ t B
a. Arithmetic Mean ∆ t =
2
∆ t A−∆ t B
b. Logarithmic (true) Mean Temperature Difference = ∆tA
ln ( )
∆ tB
9. Radiation
QR = Heat Transmitted by Radiation
QR = 20,408.4 x 10-8 Fe (T14 – T24), J/m2-hr
QR = 20,408.4 x 10-8 Fe A (T14 – T24), J/hr
Where: Fe = emissivity factor
T1 = Absolute temperature of surface radiating the heat, K.
T2 = Absolute temperature of surface receiving the heat, K.
10. Convection Heat Transfer Fluid to Fluid
QC = m Cp (t2 – t1)

11. Surface Convection


QC = hc A (t1 – t2)

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