MCD4390 Tutorial Week 10

Equations and Constants

Zero Order reaction: [ ] = [ ] −

First Order reaction: [ ] = [ ] (− )

Second Order reaction (only one reactant A): [ ]

−[ ]
=

.
Half-life: / =

Tutorial Questions

1. Consider the reaction:

Zn (s) + 2HCl (aq) → ZnCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)

Explain why the reaction rate will increase when:

a) you use powdered Zn instead of solid piece

b) the temperature of the reaction is increased

c) the concentration of HCl is doubled

d) a catalyst is used.

2. The graph below shows the kinetics for the reaction xA + yB → zC.

Kinetics Graph for the rxn xA + yB --> zC

1.20
Concentration (M)

1.00
0.80
Concentration of A
0.60 Concentration of C
0.40 Concentration of B

0.20
0.00
0 5 10
Time (s)

a) Determine the stoichiometry of this reaction (solve x, y & z).

MCD4390 Week 10 Tutorial Questions-DS Page 1 of 5

b) Calculate the average rate for the depletion of A, from t = 5 s - t = 10 s.

c) Calculate the instantaneous rate at t = 2 s for depletion of A.

3. Cyclopropane, C3H6, is a gas that is used as a general anaesthetic. It undergoes a slow

rearrangement to propene. The tabulated data below was obtained for the conversion at 37 oC:

Initial concentration of Rate of formation of

cyclopropane (mol L-1) propene (mol L-1 s-1)

→
0.050 2.95 x 10-5
0.100 5.90 x 10-5
cyclopropane propene
0.150 8.85 x 10-5

a) What is the rate law for this reaction?

b) What is the value of the rate constant, k (with correct units)?

c) Calculate the half-life of cyclopropane

4. Hydrogen sulfide burns in oxygen to form sulfur dioxide and water:

2 H2S (g) + 3 O2 (g) → 2 SO2 (g) + 2 H2O (g)
If SO2 is being formed at a rate of 0.60 mol L-1 s-1, what are the rates of consumption of H2S and O2?

5. The reaction below has a rate law, Rate = k[A], with a rate constant, k = 2.12 × 10-4 s-1 at 25°C.

A+B→C

a) What is the rate order for A and B?

[A]

b) To the right, sketch the general shape of [A] verses time.

Note: does not need to be to scale.

c) The initial concentration of A is 0.35 M. What is [A] after 1 hour?

time

MCD4390 Week 10 Tutorial Questions-DS Page 2 of 5

6. Ammonium cyanate (NH4NCO) rearranges in water to give urea (NH2)2CO:
NH4NCO (aq) → (NH2)2CO (aq)
The rate equation for this process is Rate = k[NH4NCO]2, where k = 0.0113 M-1 min-1. If the original
concentration of NH4NCO in solution is 0.229 M, how long will it take for the concentration to
decrease to 0.180 M?

Extension Questions

1. Below is a kinetic plot for reaction: xA + yB → zC

a) determine the values of x, y and z for the stoichiometry of this reaction

b) determine the rate of reaction between 20 seconds and 60 seconds

c) determine the rate of reaction at 50 seconds

MCD4390 Week 10 Tutorial Questions-DS Page 3 of 5

2. The plot on the right represents reaction rate verses

Reaction rate
concentration of molecule A. Circle the correct rate order for A:
i) zero order
ii) first order
iii) second order

Explain your reasoning:

[A]

3. The oxidation of iron (II) by cerium (IV):

Ce4+ + Fe2+ → Ce3+ + Fe3+

is measured at several different initial concentrations of the two reactants:

[Ce4+] M [Fe2+] M Rate (M sec-1)

1.1 x 10-5 1.8 x 10-5 2.0 x 10-7
1.1 x 10-5 2.8 x 10-5 3.1 x 10-7
3.4 x 10-5 2.8 x 10-5 9.5 x 10-7

a) Write the rate expression for this reaction

b) Determine rate order

c) Calculate the rate constant k with correct units

d) What is the overall rate order?

e) Predict the initial rate of reaction when [Ce4+] = 2.6 x 10-5M and [Fe2+] is 1.3 x 10-5M

4. Predict how the rate of each reaction will be affected by doubling the concentration of the first
species in each chemical equation:

2ICl + H2 → I2 + HCl Rate = k[ICl][H2] _____________________

2NO + O2 → 2NO2 Rate = k[NO]2[O2] _____________________

OH- + (CH3)3CBr → Br- + (CH3)3COH Rate = k[(CH3)3CBr] _______________

MCD4390 Week 10 Tutorial Questions-DS Page 4 of 5

5. The following reaction has a rate constant k = 8.93 x 106 L mol-1 s-1.

2HSS + 3O2 → 2SO2 + 2H2O

a) What is the rate order? Explain your answer.

b) If the concentration of O2 decreased from 0.112 M to 0.053 M in first 3 minutes, calculate the
average rate of change in [O2].

6. The dimerization of tetrafluoroethylene to octafluorocyclobutane is the following reaction:

2C2F4 (g) → C4F8
At 450 K the rate constant is k = 0.0448 M-1 s-1. If the initial concentration of C2F4 is 0.0100 M, what is
the concentration after 5 minutes?

Challenging Questions

1. What is the difference between the differential and integrated rate laws? When would you use
one over another?

2. What factors change the value of the rate constant, k?

3. How can you measure a reaction rate of a reaction where both the reactants and products are
colourless?

MCD4390 Week 10 Tutorial Questions-DS Page 5 of 5