ADVANCED PLACEMENT PHYSICS C TABLE OF INFORMATION

CONSTANTS AND CONVERSION FACTORS

m p 1.67 ´ 1027 kg
Proton mass, = Electron charge magnitude, =e 1.60 ´ 1019 C
mn 1.67 ´ 1027 kg
Neutron mass, = eV 1.60 ´ 1019 J
1 electron volt, 1=
me 9.11 ´ 1031 kg
Electron mass, = Speed of light, =c 3.00 ´ 108 mI s
N0 6.02 ´ 1023 mol 1
Avogadro's number, =
Universal gravitational
constant,
G 6.67 ´ 1011 N m2
=  .  I kg2
R  8.31 JI (mol.K)
Acceleration due to gravity
Universal gas constant,
at Earth's surface,
g  9.8 m s2 I
kB 1.38 ´ 10
Boltzmann's constant, = 23
JI K
1 unified atomic mass unit, 931 MeV c2
1.66 ´ 1027 kg =
1u = I
Planck's constant, h=
6.63 ´ 10 34
J.s =
4.14 ´ 1015 eV s .
hc =´
1.99 10 25
. 1.24 10 eV.nm
J m =´ 3

Vacuum permittivity, e0 8.85 ´ 10

= 12
I . 
C2 N m2

k 1I  4pe=
Coulomb's law constant, = 0 9.0 ´ 109  N.m IC
2 2

Vacuum permeability, m=
0 4p ´ 107 (T.m)I A
Magnetic constant, k ¢= .
m0 I  4p = 1 ´ 107 (T m)I A
1 atmosphere pressure, 1.0 ´ 105
1 atm = NI m2 =
1.0 ´ 105 Pa

meter, m mole, mol watt, w farad, F

kilogram, kg hertz, Hz coulomb, C tesla, T
UNIT second, newton, volt,
s N V degree Celsius, °C
SYMBOLS
ampere, A pascal, Pa ohm, W electron volt, eV
kelvin, K joule, J henry, H

PREFIXES VALUES OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS FOR COMMON ANGLES

Factor Prefix Symbol 
q 0 30 37 45 53 60 90
10 9 giga G sinq 0 1I 2 3I 5 2 2 4I 5 3 2 r;1 r;
106 mega M cosq 1 r;
3 2 4I 5 r;
2 2 3I 5 1I 2 0
103 kilo k tanq 0 r;
3 3 3I 4 1 4I 3 3
✓ ¥
10 2 centi C

3 milli m
10 The following assumptions are used in this exam.
10 6 micro m I. The frame of reference of any problem is inertial unless otherwise
9
stated.
10 nano n II. The direction of current is the direction in which positive charges
10 12 pico p would drift.
III. The electric potential is zero at an infinite distance from an isolated
point charge.
IV. All batteries and meters are ideal unless otherwise stated.
V. Edge effects for the electric field of a parallel plate capacitor are
negligible unless otherwise stated.

164 | Appendix V.1 AP Physics C: Mechanics Course and Exam Description

 ADVANCED PLACEMENT PHYSICS C EQUATIONS

MECHANICS ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

Ãx Ãx 0  a x t
 a = acceleration 1 q1q2 A= area
FE 
1 2 E= energy 4pe0 r 2 B= magnetic field
x x0  Ãx 0 t  at F= force C= capacitance
2 x
Ãx2 Ãx02  2ax  x  x0 
f = frequency E 
FE d = distance
h = height q E= electric field
I = rotational inertia e = emf
å F Fnet Q
a  J = impulse F= force
m m
K= kinetic energy òE dA 
e0 I = current
dp k = spring constant J = current density
F  £ = length dV L = inductance
dt Ex  
L = angular momentum dx  = length
J ò
F dt Dp m= mass n = number of loops of wire
P= power
DV   E dr ò per unit length
p  mv p = momentum N= number of charge carriers
1 q
r = radius or distance V 
4pe0 å rii P= power
per unit volume
IF-f I £ m 1~FN I T= period i
t = time Q= charge
1 q1q2 q = point charge
U= potential energy U qV

E W
D  òF dr
v = velocity or speed
E
4pe0 r R= resistance
1 2 W= work done on a system r = radius or distance
K  mà Q
2 x = position DV  t = time
C
m = coefficient of friction U= potential or stored energy
dE ke0 A V = electric potential
P q = angle C 
dt d v = velocity or speed
t = torque
P F v w = angular speed r = resistivity
a = angular acceleration
Cp  å Ci F = flux
i
DUg  mg Dh f = phase angle k = dielectric constant
1 1
å FM
= qv ´ B
2 Fs  k D x Cs i Ci
-.
Ã
a
c  w2 r
r
Us 
1
k  Dx 
2
I 
dQ ò
0 B d £  m0 I
2 dt
t= r ´ F
x xmax cos(wt  f m0 I d £´ r
1 1 dB 
åt t net UC
  QDV C  DV  2 4p r 2

a  2p 1 2 2
I I T
  re
w f R
A
=F ò I d£ ´ B
ò
2 2

F
I r dm å mr
m Bs  m0 nI
Ts  2 p E  rJ

ò B .dA
k
å mi xi
f
xcm  I  Nevd A FB 
å mi Tp  2p
à  rw
g
Gm1m2
I 
DV
R
e - .
 0ò E d £  
d FB
dt
L = r ´ p = Iw
IF-G I  r2
Rs  å Ri dI
e  L
Gm1m2 i dt
1 2 UG  
K  Iw r
2 1 1 1 2
 åR UL  LI
Rp i i 2
w w0  at


1 2 P  I DV
q q0  w0t  at
2

-2-

AP Physics C: Mechanics Course and Exam Description Appendix V.1 | 165

 ADVANCED PLACEMENT PHYSICS C EQUATIONS

GEOMETRY AND TRIGONOMETRY CALCULUS

Rectangle A =area df d f du
C =circumference 
A  bh dx du dx
V =volume
Triangle d n
S = surface area
dx
 x   nxn 1
1 b =base
A bh
2 d ax
Circle
h =height
dx
 e   aeax
 = length
w =width d
A  pr2  ln ax  1
r =radius dx x
C  2p r s = arc length d
s  rq q = angle dx
 sin  ax   a cos  ax
Rectangular Solid
d
V  f wh dx
 cos  ax   a sin  ax
Cylinder 1 n 1
ò x dx
n
= x , n ¹ -1
V  pr2 q n 1
2 1 ax
òe
ax
S 2p r  2p r dx  e
a
Sphere
dx
4
V  pr3
ò x 
a
ln x  a
3
1
S  4p r 2 ò cos  ax dx  a sin  ax
1
Right Triangle ò sin  ax dx   cos  ax
a
a 2  b2 
c2
VECTOR PRODUCTS
a
sin q 
c A•B  AB cos q
b ~a A´B =
AB sin q
cos q 
c ~
b
a
tan q 
b

166 | Appendix V.1 AP Physics C: Mechanics Course and Exam Description