GIRLS’ HIGH SCHOOL & C0LLEGE, PRAYAGRAJ

WORKSHEET: 06

SESSION: 2020-21

CLASS: IX A, B, C, D, E ,F

SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS

INSTRUCTIONS: Parents are expected to ensure that the student

spends two days to read and understand the chapter according to the
books and websites referred and thereafter answer the given
questions.

NOTE: 1. Students should refer to books of class 6, 7 & 8 for reference

and also the following websites:” www.extramarks.com” and
“www.topperlearning.com”

2 .Concise MATHEMATICS I.C.S.E. CLASS- IX by R.K. BANSAL

3. Understanding I.C.S.E. MATHEMATICS CLASS- IX by M.L. AGGARWAL

TOPIC:- INDICES [EXPONENTS]

Exponent- If a is a real number and n is an integer, we know

a x a x a x a x a x…….n times = an ,where an is called an exponential

expression with base a and exponent (or index or power) n.

an is read as a raised to the power n.

LAWS OF EXPONENTS

1) Product law : am x an = am+n

e.g. : 35 x34 = 35+4 = 39
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 𝑎𝑚
2) Quotient law : = am-n
𝑎𝑛
212
e.g. : = 212 – 7 = 25
27
3) Power law : (am)n = amn
e.g. : ( 35)2 = 35x2 = 310
(7-2)3 = 7-2 x 3 = 7-6
NOTE: i) if n is even, ( -a)n is positive.
ii) if n is odd, (-a)n is negative.
e.g. (-2)3 = -2 x -2 x -2 =-8
(-2)4 = -2 x -2 x-2 x-2 = 16
(-2)5 = -2 x -2 x -2 x -2 x -2 = -32

4) For any non zero rational number a

𝟏 𝟏
a-n = and an =
𝒂𝒏 𝒂−𝒏

i.e. a-n and an are reciprocal of each other

1
e.g. i) 5-3 =
53

1
ii) 73 =
7−3

MORE ABOUT EXPONENTS

1) (a x b)n = an x bn
𝒂 𝒂𝒏
2) ( )n =
𝒃 𝒃𝒏

3) a0 = 1 ; if a ≠ 𝟎
𝟏 𝟏
4) a-m = and = am ; a≠ 𝟎
𝒂𝒎 𝒂−𝒎

𝒏 𝒏
5) √𝒂 = a1/n and √𝒂𝒎 = am/n

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SOLVE THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS ACCORDING TO THE EXAMPLES GIVEN

Example 1:

Evaluate: 27 - 1/3

Solution : 27- 1/3 =33 x- 1/3

=3-1
1
=
3

Example 2:
1
Evaluate: 93/2- 3.(5)0 – ( )- 1/2
81
1
Solution : 93/2- 3.(5)0 – ( )- 1/2
81

= 32 X 3/2 – 3 X 1 – (81)1/2

= 33 – 3 – 92 X ½

=27 – 3 -9

=15

Example 3:

Evaluate : [5(81/3 + 271/3)3]1/4

Solution : [5(81/3 + 271/3)3]1/4

=[5(23x1/3 + 33x1/3 )3]1/4

= [5(2+3)3]1/4

=( 5x53)1/4

=54x1/4
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 =5

Example 4:

Given : 1176 = 2p . 3q . 7r, find

i) The numerical values of p, q and r.

ii) The value of 2p . 3q .7-r as a fraction

Solution : i)1176 = 2x2x2x3x7x7

=23 .31.72

Therefore, p=3,q=1 and r=2.

8×3
ii) 23 . 31 .7-2 =
72
24
=
49

Example 5:
3𝑎+2 − 3𝑎+1
Simplify:
4 ×3𝑎 − 3𝑎

3𝑎 . 32 − 3𝑎 .31
Solution:
4×3𝑎 − 3𝑎

3𝑎 (32 − 31 )
=
3𝑎 (4−1 )

9−3
=
3

=2

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Example 6:
𝑎𝑚 m+n 𝑎𝑛 𝑎𝑙 l + m
Simplify: ( ) . ( 𝑙 )n+ l .( )
𝑎𝑛 𝑎 𝑎𝑚

Solution : (am-n)m+n .(an – l )n+l . (al – m)l+m

2 − 𝑛2 2 − 𝑙2 2 −𝑚2
=𝑎𝑚 . 𝑎𝑛 .𝑎𝑙
2 −𝑛2 +𝑛2 −𝑙 2 +𝑙2 − 𝑚2
=𝑎𝑚

= a0

=1

Question 1: Solve the following:

i) 33 x (243) - 2/3 x 9 - 1/3

ii) 70 x (25) - 3/2 – 5 - 3
16 49 343 2/3
iii) ( )- ¾ x ( )3/2 ÷ ( )
81 81 216
iv) (8x3 ÷ 125y3)2/3

Question 2: Simplify-

i) ( a + b ) -1 . (a-1 + b-1)
5𝑛+3 − 6×5𝑛+1
ii)
9×5𝑛 −5𝑛 ×22
iii) (3𝑥 2 )-3 × (𝑥 9 )2/3
3×27𝑛+1 + 9×33𝑛−1
iv)
8×33𝑛 − 5×27𝑛

Question 3: If 2160 = 2a . 3b .5c ,find a,b and c. Hence, calculate the

value of 3a x 2-b x 5-c.

Question 4:

i)Simplify :[1- {1-(1-n)-1}-1]-1

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 𝑎𝑚 m-n 𝑎𝑛 n-l 𝑎𝑙
ii) Show that ( ) .( ) .( )l-m = 1
𝑎−𝑛 𝑎−𝑙 𝑎−𝑚

𝑥𝑎 2 +𝑎𝑏+𝑏 2 𝑥𝑏 2 +𝑏𝑐+𝑐 2 𝑥𝑐 2 +𝑐𝑎+𝑎2

iii)Simplify:( 𝑏 )𝑎 . ( 𝑐 )𝑏 . ( 𝑎)𝑐
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥

Solving exponential equations

For solving an exponential equation, express both of its sides into

terms with the same base. Then, the exponents on both the sides of
the equation are equal

i.e. if ax = ay⇒ x=y.

Example 1:

Solve for x:

i) 9 . 3x = (27)2x-5
3 17
ii) √( )1−2𝑥 = 4
5 27

Solution: i) 9 . 3x = (27)2x-5

32 . 3x = (33)2x-5

32+x = 36x-15

i.e. 2+x =6x -15

17
x=
5
2
x=3
5

3 17
𝑖𝑖) √( )1−2𝑥 = 4
5 27

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 3 125
[( )1−2𝑥 ]1/2 =
5 27
3 1−2𝑥 5
( ) 2 =( )3
5 3
3 1−2𝑥 3
( ) 2 = ( )-3
5 5
1−2𝑥
i.e. = -3
2
x = 3.5
Example 2:
Solve: 22x+3 -9 x2x +1 = 0
Solution: 22x x 23 -9 x 2x + 1 =0
8y2 -9y + 1= 0 [taking 2x =y]
8y2- 8y –y + 1=0
(8y -1) (y-1) =0
i.e. y =1/8 or 1
when y=1/8⇒ 2x = 2-3⇒x=-3
when y= 1 ⇒2x = 20⇒x = 0
Example 3:
1 1 1
Prove that : + + =1
1+𝑥 𝑏−𝑎 +𝑥 𝑐−𝑎 1+𝑥 𝑎−𝑏 + 𝑥 𝑐−𝑏 1+𝑥 𝑏−𝑐 +𝑥 𝑎−𝑐

1 1 1
Solution : L.H.S. = 𝑥𝑏 𝑥𝑐
+ 𝑥𝑎 𝑥𝑐
+ 𝑥𝑏 𝑥𝑎
1+𝑥𝑎 +𝑥𝑎 1+ 𝑏 + 𝑏 1+ 𝑥𝑐 + 𝑥𝑐
𝑥 𝑥
𝑥𝑎 𝑥 𝑏 𝑥𝑐
= 𝑐 + 𝑐+
𝑥 𝑎 +𝑥 𝑏 +𝑥 𝑥 𝑏 +𝑥 𝑎 +𝑥 𝑥 𝑐 +𝑥 𝑏 +𝑥 𝑎
𝑥 𝑎 +𝑥 𝑏 +𝑥 𝑐
=
𝑥 𝑎 +𝑥 𝑏 +𝑥 𝑐
=1=R.H.S.
Example 4:
If a=b2x, b=c2y and c= a2z ,show that 8xyz=1.
Solution : a =b2x and b=c2y ⇒a = (c2y)2x =c4xy
Similarly, a=c4xy and c=a2z⇒a =(a2z)4xy =a8xyz
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 Now, a=a8xyz⇒8xyz =1

Question 5: Solve for x:

i) 22x+1 =8
ii) 34x+1=(27)x+1
iii) (49)x+4 =72 .(343)x+1
3 125
iv) (√ )x+1 =
5 27
v) 4x-2 -2x+1 =0
vi) 8.22x + 4.2x+1 =1+2x
vii) 22x + 2x+2 - 4.23=0
4
viii) (√3)x-3 =( √3)x+1
ix) If 5x+1 = 25x-2; find the value of 3x-3 . 23-x
1 1
x) (81)3/4 – ( )-2/5 + 𝑥( )-1 . 20=27
32 2

Question 6 :
𝑥 𝑎 𝑎+𝑏−𝑐 𝑥 𝑏 𝑏+𝑐−𝑎 𝑥 𝑐 𝑐+𝑎−𝑏
Prove that ( 𝑏) . ( 𝑐) . ( 𝑎) =1
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥

Question 7:
2𝑥𝑧
If ax =by =cz and b2 = ac, prove that y=
𝑥+𝑧

Question 8:

If m≠ 𝑛 and (m+ n)-1(m-1+n-1)=mxny; show that x+y+2=0

Question 9:
𝑎−1 𝑎−1 2𝑏2
Prove that : + =
𝑎−1 +𝑏−1 𝑎−1 −𝑏−1 𝑏2 −𝑎2

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Question 10:

If 3x+1 = 9x-3 , find the value of 21+x.

THE END

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