Helmet with Wiper

A Research proposal

Presented to the Faculty of the Senior High School of

AURELIO ARAGO MEMORIAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Leido, Victoria, Oriental, Mindoro

In Partial Fulfilment

Of the Requirement for

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

By

Carl Marco Macalintal

Theresa Lucnagan

Jaquelyn Rodriguez

Kate Nicole Dimayuga

November 2022
 Chapter I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

A motorcycle helmet is a type of helmet used by motorcycle riders.

Motorcycle helmets contribute to motorcycle safety by protecting the rider’s head

in the event of an impact. They reduce the risk of head injury by 69% and the risk

of death by 42%. Their use is required by law in many countries.

A windscreen wiper, windshield wiper, or wiper blade is a device used to

remove rain, snow, ice, washer fluid, water, or debris from a vehicle’s front

window. Almost all motor vehicles, including cars, trucks, buses, train

locomotives, and watercraft with cabins and some aircraft are equipped with one

or more such wipers, which are usually a legal requirement.

According to the NHTSA survey, helmet use nationwide increased among

motorcyclists from 54.3 percent of all riders (including passengers) in 2010 to

70.8 percent in 2019. From 2018 to 2019, helmet use increased among riders in

states that have a mandatory helmet law. According to the survey data, that rose

in those states from 83 percent to 89.2 percent. In all other states—those that

only require helmet use for specific riders—helmet use stayed statistically about

the same going from 56.9 percent in 2018 to 56.5 percent in 2019.
 Based on Mainor Wirth Lawyers, motorcyclists need to have extra

precautions to protect their bodies. The most important place to start is by

protecting the head. It is important to understand the risks of riding without a

helmet. Riders who do not wear helmets are at risk of suffering a traumatic brain

injury if they are in an accident. Without protection, the head is vulnerable to a

traumatic impact in an accident even when traveling at a low speed.

This study aims to produce and assess the performance of Helmet with

Wiper.

Specifically, this product sought answers to the following questions:

1. What is the level of durability of helmet with wiper in terms of shockproof?

2. What is the level of acceptability of helmet with wiper in terms of:

2.1. Effectiveness

2.2. Durability

2.3. Aestheticness

3. Is there a significant relationship between the level of durability and the level of

acceptability of Helmet with Wiper?

4. Is there a significant relationship between the level of helmet with wiper in

terms of:

4.1. Effectiveness

4.2. Durability

4.3. Aestheticness
5. Based on the result of the study, what improvement the researchers can be

made?

Statement of the Hypothesis

To guide the researcher in the interpretation of the research work, the null

hypothesis is formulated.

1. There is no significant relationship between the level of durability and the level

of acceptability of Helmet with Wiper?

2. There is no significant relationship between the level of helmet with wiper in

terms of:

4.1. Effectiveness

4.2. Durability

4.3. Aestheticness
Significance of the Study

This study would be beneficial to motorcyclists, future motorcyclists, future

researchers, and helmet owners.

Motorcyclists. Motorcyclists can use this study to prevent accidents when

it is raining.

Future motorcyclists. They will benefit from this study because they can

use this study when they learn how to ride a motor and use this product when it

is raining.

Future researchers. They could use this study to enhance the research

product.

Helmet owners. Can use this research study to achieve more profit or

financial gain.

 Scope and Delimitation

This study aims to produce and assess the performance of Helmet with

Wiper by focusing only on people who are using a motorcycle and wearing a

helmet to prevent accidents when it is raining.

This study is conducted at Aurelio Arago Memorial National High School

(AAMNHS), on the 2nd semester of the school year 2022-2023 on which the

researchers gathered 10 respondents who are generally using motorcycles, have

respondents was given questionnaires and interviewed.

The following are theories derived from helmet with wiper which could

justify in conducting the present study.

According to CrisAnne Krestel, Over the past 30 years, many states have

enacted mandatory helmet laws for motorcycle drivers. Ultimately, her quest is to

evaluate the writings and attempt to discover if mandatory helmet laws do,

indeed, decrease injuries and deaths as a result of motorcycle crashes. There

are a variety of reasons a motorcycle driver makes the decision as to whether to

wear a helmet while riding vs. not wearing one.

On the other hand Healthcare Issues & Trends, the diffusion of innovation

theory, one of the firstborn social science theories, can be applied to the passage

of universal helmet legislation in the U.S. States. This is due in part to the many

injury accidents and incidents that occurred. This trend began to elevate in high

numbers during the 1970s and 1980s. There were major motorcycle injuries

around the 1980s, due to a lack of motorcycle prevention initiatives, such as

helmet legislation. Also, the 1975 federal legislation relating to the use of

motorcycle helmet were investigated in the article of Dardis & Lefkowitz (1987).

In this study, Fatal Accident Reporting System (FARS) data was used from 1980-

1982 to estimate major injuries in 1981 (Dardis & Lefkowitz, 1987). Critical

questions were raised concerning the scale that society should intervene on

behalf of consumers because 31 states did not have comprehensive helmet laws

in 1981.
  In contradiction, Scialert. net, said that motorcyclists are more prone to

crash injuries than car drivers because motorcycles are unenclosed, leaving

riders vulnerable to contact with hard road surfaces. This study was conducted

based on safety helmet issues among adolescents. Theory on behavioral

sciences like the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) is useful in understanding

why adolescent motorcyclists regardless of helmet safety usage. The correlation

analysis shows, there is a strong positive relationship between the intention and

behavior of respondents. Sometimes they wear helmets, however rarely wear

helmets, especially in short distances (less than 2 km). In addition, the

hierarchical multiple regression analysis shows all variables including descriptive

norm were found significant, except perceived behavior control shows an

insignificant relationship to intention to use a safety helmet. In conclusion,

attitude, subjective norm, and intention remained significant predictors of

behavior. However, perceived behavior control and descriptive norm were not

significant in predicting such behavior (safety helmet usage).

 
 Conceptual Framework

Input Process Output

1. What is the level of 1. Questionnaires Helmet with Wiper

2. What is the level of

2.1. Effectiveness

2.2. Durability 3. Interview

2.3. Aestheticness

Figure 1. The Conceptual Framework of the Study

The researcher used the input, process, output (IPO) model as shown in

Figure 1. as a guiding tool.

In box 1, the input content includes, What is the level of acceptability of

helmet with wiper in terms of 2.1. Effectiveness 2.2. Durability 2.3. Aestheticness,

Then box 2 discussed the process, the researcher conduct a questionnaire,

survey, and interview, Then the last box 3, includes the output of the research

which is Helmet with Wiper.

 
Definition of Terms

To better understand the study, the following terminology is used to define it

operationally:

Motorcyclist. A person who rides a motorcycle.

Motorcycle. A two-wheeled vehicle that is powered by a motor and has no

pedals.

Wiper. A motor-driven device for keeping a windshield clear of rain, typically one

with a rubber blade on an arm that moves in an arc.

Helmet. Type of helmet used by motorcycle riders. Helmets contribute to

motorcycle safety by protecting the rider's head in the event of an impact.

Riders. A person who is riding or who can ride something, especially a

horse, bicycle, motorcycle, or snowboard.

Accident. An unfortunate incident that happens unexpectedly and

unintentionally, typically resulting in damage or injury.

Crash. (Of a vehicle) collide violently with an obstacle or another vehicle.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter includes review of related literature and studies which the

researcher has pursued to shed light of the topic under study.

According to Consumer Notice Org., helmets, or riding without them, are

a passionate issue for motorcyclists. Riders’ organizations have campaigned for

years to have states relax helmet requirements. Currently, 19 states and the

District of Columbia have universal helmet laws that require all riders and

passengers to wear helmets. Another 28 states require some motorcyclists to

wear helmets, and three states don't have helmet use laws at all. Some states

that repealed helmet laws saw increases in motorcycle fatalities. Texas saw a 31

percent hike in motorcycle deaths and Arkansas saw a 21 percent rise after the

states dropped helmet requirements, according to Consumer Reports. The US

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention surveyed data from medical

researchers and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration in 2017. It

found that helmet use would have cut deaths by more than a third, saved

hundreds of lives and saved $1 billion in costs related to motorcycle crashes. For

the best protection, use helmets approved by the U.S. Department of

Transportation. These will have a DOT certification label on the back. Riders
should replace helmets every five years because they deteriorate over time.

They should also replace their helmets after any crash Based on the Steel Horse

Law, Individuals may disagree on whether they prefer to wear a helmet or not

when riding a motorcycle. But the fact remains that wearing a helmet is extremely

important for a number of different reasons. Although the safety benefits of a

helmet are obvious to most riders, helmets can also bring certain financial and

legal advantages in the event of an accident. Given than many motorcycle

accidents are caused by other parties liable for collisions, it's unrealistic to

assume that even the most skilled motorcyclist can fully protect themselves from

being involved in an accident. When that accident does occur, you might be glad

you wore your helmet even in spite of the discomforts that may come with this

protective equipment. Read on to learn more about the importance of wearing a

helmet, along with tips to find the best fit for you.

In the article entitled "Action Research on Effectiveness of Helmet with

Wiper for Safety of Student Motorcycle Riders" published by Kyle Russel Licarte

et al. the research focused on providing motorcycle drivers with a safe way to

drive during bad weather Motorcycles are different from other cars that are fully

covered and protected. Hence, during the rainy season, motorcycle drivers have

difficulties in driving due to heavy rains. Cars have wipers that help the driver to

see clearly when raining, but motorcycles do not have wipers. Thus, we decided

to put wipers in the helmet to allow riders to see clearly when raining. Wearing a
helmet can reduce the risk of serious brain injury and death due to a fall or

collision because most of the impact is absorbed by the helmet This study is

important because it talks about people's safety when riding a motorcycle. The

objectives of this study were to help people, especially motorcycle drivers, by

creating helmets with wipers to prevent the brain from damage in an accident

during the rainy season. Rainy season or bad weather in a huge risk for

motorcycle rider's safety. The results revealed that students look forward to and

trust the helmet wiper as safety gear to prevent an accident According to the

respondents, it is easier to drive when raining because they can see the road

even during bad weather. The study revealed that the helmet with wiper is

effective in ensuring the safety of motorcycle riders.

Based on World Health Organization, in today's era, as the bikers in our

country are increasing, the road accidents are also increasing day by day, due to

which many deaths occur Road traffic injuries are the leading cause of death

among young people aged 15-29 years. Most of the accidents are caused by the

negligence in wearing helmet. It is a major issue that needs a special attention,

as there is one death reported for every four minutes in India. World Health

Organization (WHO) has declared that 40% of the deaths and 70% of severe

injuries may be reduced by wearing the helmet. The other reason for accidents is

alcohol consumption. Even though breath analyzers are used to detect whether

the rider has consumed alcohol or not by the traffic department, it is difficult to

check each and every rider on the road. If accidents are one issue, lack of

treatment in proper time is another reason for deaths. According to survey, nearly
half the injured people die due to lack of treatment in proper time. In many

situations, the family members or the ambulance and police authority is not

informed in time. This results in delaying the help reached to the person suffered

due to accident.

As stated by Steel Horse Law, Individuals may disagree on whether they

prefer to wear a helmet or not when riding a motorcycle. But the fact remains mat

wearing a helmet is extremely important-for a number of different reasons.

Although the safety benefits of a helmet are obvious to most rides, helmets can

also tiring certain financial and legal advantages in the event of an accident. Give

than many motorcycle accidents are caused by other parties table for collisions

its unrealistic to assume that even the most skilled motorcyclist can fully protect

themselves from being involved in an accident. When that accident does occur,

you might be glad you wore your helmet even in spite of the discomforts that may

come with this protective equipment Read on to learn more about the importance

of wearing a helmet, along with tips to find the best fit for you. Riding a

motorcycle ex-poses you to more risks than driving a car Riders must exercise

more caution as the slightest thing can result in injury or death Consider the

following 2020 statistics Motorcycle accidents are 28 times more likely to result in

fatalities based on vehicle miles traveled Riders are also four times more likely to

get injured Although motorcycles only make up 3% of the registered vehicles in

the US, they contribute 14% of all traffic fatalities. Most motorcycle deaths

occurred between the months of June to September. Each month contributed

12% or more to the total count.

for motorcyclists, regardless of drug and alcohol use However, the association

between drug use and motorcycle helmet utilization is not well known. This study

examines the relationships between drug use and motorcycle helmet use among

fatally injured motorcycle riders. Using data from the 2005-2009 Fatality Analysis

Reporting System (FARS), we examined the association between drug use and

motorcycle helmet use in a multivariable logistic regression analysis of 9861

fatally injured motorcycle riders in the United States. For fatally injured

motorcycle riders, use of alcohol, marijuana, or other drugs was associated with

increased odds of not wearing a motorcycle helmet controlling for the effects of

state motorcycle helmet laws and other confounding variables. Predicted

probabilities indicate that helmet use substantially decreases among fatally

injured riders mixing alcohol with marijuana and other drugs. Furthermore, the

likelihood of helmet use between marijuana-only users and other drug users is

virtually the same across all blood alcohol content (BAC) levels. This study

provides evidence that alcohol, marijuana, and other drug use is associated with

not wearing a motorcycle helmet in fatal motorcycle crashes. There is a clear

need for additional prevention and intervention efforts that seek to change helmet

and drug use norms among motorcycle riders.

As said by World Wide Science Org, motorcycle crashes result in a

significant health burden, including many fatal injuries and serious non-fatal head

injuries Helmets are highly effective in preventing such trauma, and jurisdictions

that require helmet use of all motorcyclists have higher rates of helmet use and
lower rates of head injuries among motorcyclists. The current study examines

helmet use and characteristics of helmeted operators and their rising conditions

in Michigan following a weakening of the state's universal motorcycle helmet use

law in April 2012. Data on police-reported crashes occurring during 2012-14 and

from a stratified roadside observational survey undertaken in Southeast Michigan

during May-September 2014 were used to estimate statewide helmet use rates.

Observed helmet use was more common among operators of sports motorcycles

on freeways and in the morning, and least common among operators of cruisers

on minor arterials, and in the afternoon. The rate of helmet use across the state

was estimated at 75% adjusted for roadway type, motorcycle class, and time of

day. Similarly, the helmet use rate found from examination of crash records was

73%. In the observation survey, 47% of operators wore jackets, 94% wore long

pants, 54% wore boots, and 80% wore gloves. Protective clothing of jackets and

gloves was most often worn by sport motorcycle operators and long pants and

boots most often by riders of touring motorcycles. Findings highlight the much

lower rate of helmet use in Michigan compared with states that have a universal

helmet use law, although the rate is higher than observed in many states with

partial helmet laws. Targeted interventions aimed at specific groups of

motorcyclists and situations where helmet use rates are particularly low should

be considered to increase helmet use.

In the opinion of Science Gov., motorcycle helmets reduce both

motorcycle-related fatalities and head injuries Motorcycle crashes are a major

public health concern which place economic stress on the US healthcare system.
Although statewide universal motorcycle helmet laws effectively increase helmet

use, most state helmet laws do not require every motorcycle rider to wear a

helmet. Herein, we propose and outline the solution of implementing federal

motorcycle helmet law, while addressing potential counterarguments. The

decision to ride a motorcycle without a helmet has consequences that affect

more than just the motorcyclist. In an effort to prevent unnecessary healthcare

costs, injuries, and deaths, public health offorts to increase helmet use through

education and legislation should be strongly considered. Helmet use on

motorcycles fits squarely within the purview of the federal government public

health and economic considerations.

On the other hand, Science Gov. also state that it has been shown that

road safety laws, such as motorcycle helmet and safety belt laws, have a

significant effect in reducing road fatalities. Although an expanding body of

literature has documented the effects of these laws on road safety, it remains

unclear which factors influence the likelihood that these laws are enacted: This

study attempts to identify the factors that influence the decision to enact safety

belt and motorcycle helmet laws. Using panel data from 31 countries between

1963 and 2002, our results reveal that increased democracy, education level, per

capita income, political stability. and more equitable income distribution within a

country are associated with the enactment of road safety laws.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

This Chapter contains research design, respondents of the study sources

of date research instrumentation data gathering procedures and statistical tool

used in the study.

Research Design

This study used experimental research design wherein it is defined by

Mitchell (2015) as "experimental research design is centrally concerned with

constructing research that is high in causal (or internal) validity Causal validity

concerns the accuracy of statements regarding cause and effect relationships.

For example, does variable 1 cause variation in variable 2? Or does variable 2

cause variation in variable 1? Or does variable à cause variation in both variables

1 and 2? And what is the magnitude of the causal relationships among the

variables? thus research design as used herein is a concern of explanatory and

evaluation research but generally does not apply to exploratory or descriptive

research.

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of the study are the residents of Victoria, Oriental

Mindoro. Each respondent from chosen barangay have five representatives and

with a total of 30 students that are using motorcycle.

and were interviewed by the researchers. However, before they answer the

questionnaires, the researchers allowed them first to use the helmet with wiper in

order for them to give their 100% percent truthfulness in answering the

questionnaires.

Sources of Data

The researchers used both primary and secondary data in doing the study

wherein the primary source data are obtained from the 30 respondents of Victoria

Oriental Mindoro that are from chosen barangay, Other information and data

were obtained through online references like related studies and literature,

theories, articles.

Research Instrumentation

The instrument used in this study was a researchers-made questionnaires

of checklist to gather the significant data from the respondents respond. The draft

the questionnaires was drawn out based on the researcher's reading, previous

study, related literatures, studies which are relevant to the whole study. The

questionnaires contain about the study which are answered by the respondents

through putting check mark if they Agree, Disagree, Undecided. In the end, it

encouraged the respondent's open responses about Helmet with Wiper.

In addition, the instruments were validated by the researchers before it

was laid on the study.

Statistics Limit Description

(Verbal Interpretation)

3.00-4.00 STRONGLY AGREE

2.00-3.00 MODERATELY AGREE

1.00-2.00 AGREE

0-1.00 DISAGREE

The questionnaire used a four-point numerical scale with descriptions for

the respondents to easily answer the questions prepared by the researchers

Data Gathering Procedures

In gathering all data that are needed for the wholeness of the study, the

researchers seek first a particular problem for a certain motorcyclist. They

identified that motorcyclist could use a new style which is helmet with wiper.

All necessary information like theories, related studies and literature which

are relevant to the study were obtained through research. Simultaneously, the

researchers created a helmet with wiper as the product of the study which also

helped in gathering significant information. Until the research problem were

formulated. To find answers to these problems, the researchers made test

questionnaires to be answered by 30 residents of Victoria, Oriental Mindoro.

representatives from chosen barangay.

The researchers allowed the 30 respondents to use the helmet with wiper

and then answered the test questionnaires according to what they observed

while using the helmet with wiper. These answers undergone analysis using

statistical tools and Interpreted its results.

Statistical Tool

The researchers utilized Spearman-rho correlation for knowing the

significant relationship between the level of durability and the level of

acceptability of Helmet with Wiper in terms of a.) Effectiveness b.) Durability c.)

Aestheticness.

The results of these statistical treatments were analyzed and concluded.