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Gauss Elimination Method (Second Practical)

The document discusses solving systems of linear equations using Gauss elimination method. It provides 4 examples of setting up the coefficient matrix A and constant vector b, performing row reduction using elementary row operations to obtain an upper triangular system, and solving for the variables. The solutions found are x1=2, x2=1, x3=-1 for the first system; x1=757/2018, x2=292/1009, x3=543/2018 for the second; and x1=1, x2=1, x3=1 for the fourth system. The third system was found to have no solution.

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Mohit
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72 views9 pages

Gauss Elimination Method (Second Practical)

The document discusses solving systems of linear equations using Gauss elimination method. It provides 4 examples of setting up the coefficient matrix A and constant vector b, performing row reduction using elementary row operations to obtain an upper triangular system, and solving for the variables. The solutions found are x1=2, x2=1, x3=-1 for the first system; x1=757/2018, x2=292/1009, x3=543/2018 for the second; and x1=1, x2=1, x3=1 for the fourth system. The third system was found to have no solution.

Uploaded by

Mohit
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Gauss Elimination Method;

Q1. Solve the following system of equations;

x1 + 2 x2 + 3 x3 = 1;
2 x1 + 6 x2 + 10 x3 = 0;
3 x1 + 14 x2 + 28 x3 = - 8;

In[116]:=

A = {{1, 2, 3}, {2, 6, 10}, {3, 14, 28}};


A // MatrixForm
Out[117]//MatrixForm=
1 2 3
2 6 10
3 14 28

In[7]:=

X = {x1, x2, x3};


X // MatrixForm
b = {{1}, {0}, {- 8}};
b // MatrixForm
Out[8]//MatrixForm=
x1
x2
x3
Out[10]//MatrixForm=
1
0
-8

In[41]:=

aug = ArrayFlatten[{{A, b}}];


aug // MatrixForm
Out[42]//MatrixForm=
1 2 3 1
2 6 10 0
3 14 28 - 8

In[53]:=
2

In[43]:= aug〚2〛 = aug〚2〛 - 2 aug〚1〛;


aug〚3〛 = aug〚3〛 - 3 aug〚1〛;
aug // MatrixForm
Out[45]//MatrixForm=
1 2 3 1
0 2 4 -2
0 8 19 - 11

In[46]:= aug〚3〛 = aug〚3〛 - 4 aug〚2〛;


aug // MatrixForm
Out[47]//MatrixForm=
1 2 3 1
0 2 4 -2
0 0 3 -3

In[48]:= upper = Take[aug, 3, 3];


upper // MatrixForm
Out[49]//MatrixForm=
1 2 3
0 2 4
0 0 3

In[52]:= c = Take[aug, 3, - 1];


c // MatrixForm
Out[53]//MatrixForm=
1
-2
-3

In[54]:= upper.X ⩵ c
Out[54]=

x1 + 2 x2 + 3 x3, 2 x2 + 4 x3, 3 x3 ⩵ {{1}, {- 2}, {- 3}}

In[55]:= Solve[upper.X ⩵ c]
Out[55]=

{{x1 → 2, x2 → 1, x3 → - 1}}

In[71]:= ClearAll
Out[71]=

ClearAll
3

In[121]:=

Q2.Solve the system of following linear equations by Gauss Elimination Method;

x1 + 10 x2 - x3 = 3;
2 x1 + 3 x2 + 20 x3 = 7;
10 x1 - x2 + 2 x3 = 4;

A = {{1, 10, - 1}, {2, 3, 20}, {10, - 1, 2}};


A // MatrixForm
Out[126]//MatrixForm=
1 10 - 1
2 3 20
10 - 1 2

In[127]:=

X = {{x1}, {x2}, {x3}};


X // MatrixForm
b = {{3}, {7}, {4}};
b // MatrixForm
Out[128]//MatrixForm=
x1
x2
x3
Out[130]//MatrixForm=
3
7
4

In[131]:=

aug = ArrayFlatten[{{A, b}}];


aug // MatrixForm
Out[132]//MatrixForm=
1 10 - 1 3
2 3 20 7
10 - 1 2 4
4

In[133]:=

aug〚2〛 = aug〚2〛 - 2 aug〚1〛;


aug〚3〛 = aug〚3〛 - 10 aug〚1〛;
aug // MatrixForm
Out[135]//MatrixForm=
1 10 - 1 3
0 - 17 22 1
0 - 101 12 - 26

In[136]:=

aug〚3〛 = aug〚3〛 - 101 / 17 aug〚2〛;


aug // MatrixForm
Out[137]//MatrixForm=
1 10 -1 3
0 - 17 22 1
2018 543
0 0 - -
17 17

In[152]:=

upper = Take[aug, 3, 3];


upper // MatrixForm
Out[153]//MatrixForm=
1 10 -1
0 - 17 22
2018
0 0 -
17

In[154]:=

c = Take[aug, 3, - 1];
c // MatrixForm
Out[155]//MatrixForm=
3
1
543
-
17

In[157]:=

upper.X ⩵ c
Out[157]=

2018 x3 543
x1 + 10 x2 - x3, - 17 x2 + 22 x3, -  ⩵ {3}, {1}, - 
17 17
In[158]:=

Solve[upper.X ⩵ c]
Out[158]=
757 292 543
x1 → , x2 → , x3 → 
2018 1009 2018
5

In[159]:=

ClearAll
Out[159]=

ClearAll

In[4]:=

Q3.Solve the system of following linear equations by Gauss Elimination Method;

2 x1 + x2 - 3 x3 = 0;
5 x1 + 8 x3 + x3 = 14;
4 x1 + 13 x2 + 11 x3 = 25;

A = {{2, 1, - 3}, {5, 8, 1}, {4, 13, 11}};


X = {{x1}, {x2}, {x3}};
b = {{0}, {14}, {25}};
A // MatrixForm
X // MatrixForm
b // MatrixForm
Out[11]//MatrixForm=
2 1 -3
5 8 1
4 13 11
Out[12]//MatrixForm=
x1
x2
x3
Out[13]//MatrixForm=
0
14
25

In[17]:=

aug = ArrayFlatten[{{A, b}}];


aug // MatrixForm
Out[18]//MatrixForm=
2 1 -3 0
5 8 1 14
4 13 11 25
6

In[19]:=

aug〚2〛 = aug〚2〛 - 5 / 2 aug〚1〛;


aug〚3〛 = aug〚3〛 - 2 aug〚1〛;
aug // MatrixForm
Out[21]//MatrixForm=
2 1 -3 0
11 17
0 2 2
14
0 11 17 25

In[25]:=

In[30]:=

In[22]:= aug〚3〛 = 1 / 2 aug〚3〛;


aug // MatrixForm
Out[23]//MatrixForm=
2 1 -3 0
11 17
0 2 2
14
11 17 25
0 2 2 2

In[24]:= aug〚3〛 = aug〚3〛 - aug〚2〛;


aug // MatrixForm
Out[25]//MatrixForm=
2 1 -3 0
11 17
0 2 2
14
3
0 0 0 -
2

In[26]:= upper = Take[aug, 3, 3];


upper // MatrixForm
Out[27]//MatrixForm=
2 1 -3
11 17
0 2 2
0 0 0

In[28]:= c = Take[aug, 3, - 1];


c // MatrixForm
Out[29]//MatrixForm=
0
14
3
-
2

In[30]:= upper.X ⩵ c
Out[30]=

False
7

In[31]:= Solve[upper.X ⩵ c]
Out[31]=

{}

In[71]:=

ClearAll
Out[71]=

ClearAll

Q4.Solve the system of following linear equations by Gauss Elimination Method;

In[104]:=

10 x1 + x2 + x3 = 12;
2 x1 + 10 x2 + x3 = 13;
x1 + x2 + 5 x3 = 7;

A = {{10, 1, 1}, {2, 10, 1}, {1, 1, 5}};


A // MatrixForm
X = {{x1}, {x2}, {x3}};
X // MatrixForm
b = {{12}, {13}, {7}};
b // MatrixForm
Out[108]//MatrixForm=
10 1 1
2 10 1
1 1 5
Out[110]//MatrixForm=
x1
x2
x3
Out[112]//MatrixForm=
12
13
7

In[140]:=

aug = ArrayFlatten[{{A, b}}];


In[141]:=

aug // MatrixForm
Out[141]//MatrixForm=
10 1 1 12
2 10 1 13
1 1 5 7
8

In[142]:=

aug〚2〛 = aug〚2〛 - 2 aug〚3〛;


aug // MatrixForm
Out[143]//MatrixForm=
10 1 1 12
0 8 -9 -1
1 1 5 7

In[144]:=

aug〚1〛 = aug〚1〛 - 9 aug〚3〛;


aug // MatrixForm
Out[145]//MatrixForm=
1 - 8 - 44 - 51
0 8 -9 -1
1 1 5 7

In[146]:=

aug〚3〛 = aug〚3〛 - aug〚1〛;


aug // MatrixForm

Out[147]//MatrixForm=
1 - 8 - 44 - 51
0 8 -9 -1
0 9 49 58

In[148]:=

aug〚3〛 = aug〚3〛 - 9 / 8 aug〚2〛;


aug // MatrixForm
Out[149]//MatrixForm=
1 - 8 - 44 - 51
0 8 -9 -1
473 473
0 0 8 8

In[151]:=

upper = Take[aug, 3, 3];


upper // MatrixForm
c = Take[aug, 3, - 1];
Out[152]//MatrixForm=
1 - 8 - 44
0 8 -9
473
0 0 8

In[150]:=

c // MatrixForm
Out[150]//MatrixForm=
0
14
3
-
2
9

In[155]:=

upper.X ⩵ c
Out[155]=

473 x3 473
x1 - 8 x2 - 44 x3, 8 x2 - 9 x3,   ⩵ {- 51}, {- 1},  
8 8
In[156]:=

Solve[upper.X ⩵ c]
Out[156]=

{{x1 → 1, x2 → 1, x3 → 1}}

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