Stoichiometry

ANATOMY OF A CHEMICAL EQUATION
CH4 (G) + 2O2 (G) CO2 (G) + 2 H2O (G)

CH4 (G) + 2 O2 (G) CO2 (G) + 2 H2O

(G)
REACTANTS APPEAR ON THE LEFT SIDE OF

THE EQUATION.
CH4 (G) + 2 O2 (G) CO2 (G) + 2 H2O

(G)
PRODUCTS APPEAR ON THE RIGHT SIDE OF

THE EQUATION.
CH4 (G) + 2 O2 (G) CO2 (G) + 2 H2O (G)
THE STATES OF THE REACTANTS AND PRODUCTS ARE WRITTEN IN

PARENTHESES TO THE RIGHT OF EACH COMPOUND.
CH4 (G) + 2 O2 (G) CO2 (G) + 2 H2O

(G)
COEFFICIENTS ARE INSERTED TO BALANCE

THE EQUATION.
SUBSCRIPTS AND COEFFICIENTS GIVE DIFFERENT INFORMATION
• SUBSCRIPTS TELL THE NUMBER OF ATOMS

OF EACH ELEMENT IN A MOLECULE
SUBSCRIPTS AND COEFFICIENTS GIVE DIFFERENT INFORMATION
• SUBSCRIPTS TELL THE NUMBER OF ATOMS OF

EACH ELEMENT IN A MOLECULE
• COEFFICIENTS TELL THE NUMBER OF
MOLECULES (COMPOUNDS).
STOICHIOMETRIC CALCULATIONS
Stoichiometry
- The term is derived from the Greek word
“stoicheion”, meaning element, and “metron”,
meaning measure.
How much product will be formed from specific amounts of

starting materials?
STOICHIOMETRIC CALCULATIONS
FROM THE MASS OF SUBSTANCE
A YOU CAN USE THE RATIO OF
THE COEFFICIENTS OF A AND B
TO CALCULATE THE MASS OF
SUBSTANCE B FORMED (IF IT’S A
PRODUCT) OR USED (IF IT’S A
REACTANT)
Mole-Mole Problem
The coefficient in a chemical equation also indicates the ratio of moles of
reactants and products.
CH4(g) + 2 O2(g) CO2(g) + 2 H2O (g)

The coefficient indicates that 1 mol of methane reacts with 2 mol of oxygen
Problem:
How many moles of oxygen reacts with 2.25 mol CH4?
1 mol CH4 , gives 2 mol O2 = 1 mol CH4 : 2 mol O2
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝐻4 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑂2

= 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝐻4
2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑂2
Cont…
Mole-Mole Problem
CH4(g) + 2 O2(g) CO2(g) + 2 H2O (g)
Problem:
How many moles of oxygen reacts with 2.25 mol CH4?
Given:
2.25 mol CH4 1 mol CH4 : 2 mol O2
Solution:
2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑂2
moles of O2 = 2.25 mol CH4 x
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝐻4
= 4.50 mol O2
Mole-Mole Problem
Calculate the number of moles of hydrogen that reacts with 0.125 mol
of nitrogen gas.
N2(g) + 3H2(g) NH3(g)
Answer:
= 0.375 mol H2
Types of Stoichiometry Problems
● Mass-Mass Problem
- A type of stoichiometry calculations that relates the masses of substances
in a balanced chemical equation
● Mass-Volume Problem
- A type of stoichiometry calculations that relates the masses of substances
to the volumes of a gaseous substances in a balanced chemical equation.
● Volume-volume Problem
- A type of stoichiometry calculations that relates the volumes of two gases
(at the same temperature and pressure) according to a balanced chemical
equation.
Directions: Classify the type of stoichiometry problem for each of the
following reactions. Write your answers on the space provided
1. How many grams of zinc react with

sulfuric acid to give 0.500 g ZnCl2? Mass – Mass Problem
2. How many liters of hydrogen react

with chlorine to yield 50.0 cm3 of HCl Volume-Volume Problem
gas?
3. How many kg of iron react with

hydrochloric acid to produce 50.0 mL of Mass-Volume Problem
H2 gas?
Mass- Mass Stoichiometry
1. Sample Problem: Calculate the mass of titanium (IV) chloride
produced from the reaction of 1.25 g of titanium metal and excess
chlorine gas.
Ti(s) + 2 Cl2(g) TiCl4(s)
Given: Find:
1.25 g Ti Mass TiCl4 = ?
48 g/mol Ti 188 g/mol TiCl4
Solution:
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑇𝑖 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑇𝑖𝐶𝑙4 188 𝑔 𝑇𝑖𝐶𝑙4
Mass TiCl4 = 1.25 g Ti x x x 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑇𝑖𝐶𝑙
48 𝑔 𝑇𝑖 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑇𝑖 4
= 4.90 g TiCl4
Mass- Volume Stoichiometry
1. Inflatable air-bags are a safety feature in many automobiles. In the
event of a collision, a motion sensor sets off a spark, causing an
unstable compound to decompose explosively. Assume that an air-
bag contains 100.0 g of sodium azide, NaN3 (65.0 g/mol). Find the
volume of nitrogen gas produced at STP, given the balanced
chemical equation.
2 NaN3(s) 2 Na(s) + 3 N2(g)
Note:
1 mole = 22.4 L of a gas at STP
Answer:
= 51.7 L N2(STP)
Volume - Volume Stoichiometry
1. The Haber process combines elemental nitrogen and hydrogen gases
to give ammonia gas. Given 5.55 L of nitrogen, calculate the volume
of hydrogen that reacts, and the volume of ammonia produced.
Assume all gas volumes are measured at the same conditions.
N2(g) + 3 H2 (g) 2 NH3(g
Solution: The coefficients of the balanced chemical equation indicate that 1
volume of N2 = 3 volumes of H2. We calculate the volume of H2 as follows:
5.55 L N2 x 3 L H2 = 16.7 L H2
1 L N2
The equation also indicates that 1 volume of N2 = 2 volumes of NH3.

Therefore,
5.55 L N2 x 2 L NH3 = 11.1 L NH3
1LN

Stoichiometry

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ANATOMY OF A CHEMICAL EQUATION

CH4 (G) + 2O2 (G) CO2 (G) + 2 H2O (G)

CH4 (G) + 2 O2 (G) CO2 (G) + 2 H2O

REACTANTS APPEAR ON THE LEFT SIDE OF

CH4 (G) + 2 O2 (G) CO2 (G) + 2 H2O

PRODUCTS APPEAR ON THE RIGHT SIDE OF

CH4 (G) + 2 O2 (G) CO2 (G) + 2 H2O (G)

THE STATES OF THE REACTANTS AND PRODUCTS ARE WRITTEN IN

CH4 (G) + 2 O2 (G) CO2 (G) + 2 H2O

COEFFICIENTS ARE INSERTED TO BALANCE

• SUBSCRIPTS TELL THE NUMBER OF ATOMS

• SUBSCRIPTS TELL THE NUMBER OF ATOMS OF

How much product will be formed from specific amounts of

CH4(g) + 2 O2(g) CO2(g) + 2 H2O (g)

1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝐻4 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑂2

1. How many grams of zinc react with

2. How many liters of hydrogen react

3. How many kg of iron react with

The equation also indicates that 1 volume of N2 = 2 volumes of NH3.

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