BASIC CONCEPT
OF
PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGE
DHANUSHKA AKILA SAMARANAYAKE
B.SC. (IN USJP)
SENIOR QUALITY ENGINEER AT WILEY
GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY PVT LTD
TOPICS
• What is a Programming language?
• Fundamental concepts of programming Language
• What is an Algorithm
• Flow Chats
• Pseudocode
WHAT IS A PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE?
• As we know, to communicate with a person, we need a specific language, similarly to
communicating with computers, programmers also need a language called Programming
language.
• A programming language is a computer language that is used by programmers
(developers) to communicate with computers.
• It is a set of instructions written in any specific language ( C, C++, Java, Python) to
perform a specific task.
TYPES OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
• Low-level programming language
• Machine Language
• Assembly Language
• High-level programming language
• Ex : C++, Java, Python, C#
BASIC FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
• Syntax
• In computer science, the syntax of a programming language is the set of rules that define the combinations of symbols that are
considered to be correctly structured programs in that language.
• Variables
• Variables are the backbone of any program, and thus the backbone of any computer programming language.
• Control statements
• IF CONDITIONS
• LOOPING
• Data Structures
• In computer science, a data structure is a particular way of storing and organizing data in a computer so that it can be used
efficiently
• Tools (IDE)
WHAT IS AN ALGORITHMS
• In computer programming terms, an algorithm is
a set of well-defined instructions to solve a
particular problem.
• It takes a set of input(s) and produces the
desired output.
• For example
• An algorithm to add two numbers:
• Take two number inputs
• Add numbers using the + operator
• Display the result
FLOW CHARTS
• A flowchart is a diagrammatic representation of an algorithm.
• A flowchart can be helpful for both writing programs and explaining the program to
others.
FLOW CHARTS
1. Exercise 1
• Write the algorithm and draw a flow chart for adding two numbers entered by the user.
2. Group Exercise 1
• Write the algorithm and draw a flow chart to find the largest among three different numbers
entered by the user.
PSEUDO CODE
• Pseudo code is a term which is often used in programming and algorithm-based fields.
• It is a methodology that allows the programmer to represent the implementation of an
algorithm.
• It’s simply an implementation of an algorithm in the form of annotations and informative
text written in plain English
• It has no syntax like any of the programming language and thus can’t be compiled or
interpreted by the computer.
PSEUDO CODE …
• let us understand pseudo code with an example.
• INPUT – indicates a user will be inputting something
• OUTPUT – indicates that an output will appear on the screen
• WHILE – a loop (iteration that has a condition at the beginning)
• FOR – a counting loop (iteration)
• REPEAT – UNTIL – a loop (iteration) that has a condition at the end
• IF – THEN – ELSE – a decision (selection) in which a choice is made
• any instructions that occur inside a selection or iteration are usually indented
EXAMPLE
• WRITE A PSEUDOCODE TO
FIND THE GREATEST OF
THREE NUMBERS.
SUMMARY
• What is a Programming language?
• Fundamental concepts of programming Language
• What is an Algorithm
• Flow Chats and how to draw
• Pseudo code
ANY
QUESTIONS
THANK YOU
