feR WNIT oe \v “ Ber Unit systems dn 0 large Anborconnecle aytim oth various voltage teovell ancl -cofacibe AE US corvimient to wok with ped eyrt 44 46 Quantities for somalysit pu fese rath, tan wbsolte vale. tence for analysis ‘forfour, a base value 4s theosen. the fier ami€ value 6b any. quantity 4 AGincl at the Ssotio of thy actual value whe quantdey Lo the tain MOL sofircestick 24 O- decimal, ‘fo Pee Onit —~ Actuol valGe - / Baze value A Quortitiosjtheg ase “ voltage, eat Cuurrent é. . imped ance’. ’ 3 seldion of Low volue ag Any te of then, ddleuminss the bose wohue sf the eoining Lud. (Power & voltage) K100 4-G SysTEm: ea dk KVBy, = trou kya NS KVe = Las: voltage = Yow wovurt 24 - Low vafudorce 7 ae gow cureunt tbs KVAe , IM). Bom inpydowe 2h = Se ©sub O mM ® ' 2b = KUy pen «2 EW) Ri) ve, : ioppedian te ton, i FDS ep | : MVAB - MVAL—» 3-8 Mvp CHANGING IKE BASE OF THe PER ONIT SYSTEM” 7 she cumpedance of a clues # component is tusclly ue im fk tit 20 ef sudan Aislin fOrmed oy inbrete esting ortous Anuicel, LE ual Be’ abrivimitnt por - imalysis if rhe it tana iais Aommern base. shatle wey ot spire all tes dfedbomts tw tn, nofoxta a ayo mut Me dnfristed or. thy commen winfedane Lose, 46 4 necessesy to Rave the rh abrwerting fr sone smear Hi mew ere Ogs to omether.. 4 4Los Pou cond 2 old vz - 2 5 2XMUDbY . t k RS so Phu News 2 _ 2 2 AMVR hes —~@ rv (kMaay on IR, OIL @& with O : Zpu_Neco 2 MVAL nei "(Hier 2pu ld, “MVAbold AK Vorees |i = eho MAb | RVb old a . = Ny ; MB Lod cer, | Chim pedane ; tn Pe canib); | ADVANTA GES OF PER DNIT COMPUTATION *- — Hlonufadires uneally whl ythe Lerfedonce of a devia gr Meat he om he ea Name plate roi 1 40 wend wt ay 2 auridely for machines og difaent cing, the poumih snpldanie of Coit leet tonnebe M4 Tronifrrners tnfPilsed onan proper bose ttl be some Lb ib ts suffoudk fo aither side of the ae ashi the tromifermens ane emnectig . wucuik (Yor 8) LOCI o€ ‘effect the Aer wn LL d-G rwalert abut, punk inf donees 9f thee OQ ‘ ,OM 3-4 Lyinorotdr with, wating 100 0KVA 133kV Aas it, 7 [ i AK malice seiglamce & ogrebsoniotit suotamen a4 yee 2Ou/ ph & 4Oa/ph atiulate the por unt Urpedane, ee a the anol it) x coat a, Solt kVA pe IDOO.K VA" ony KVy = 3aKkv : a w Fearon) 4 F ee unté ~ 2S RX-MVA , oe ActL n 2 ~ 2s ikypys ~ 433 ey Gai" pe ae MARS “Tapey ~~ Jord ‘ wid 2 = Saoy toy © 42-80) divide o ma ¥ V2 pu = Perunit = AO +10 5 O-O1B 400067 - ey 4 : PER UNIT REPRESENTATION OF Taare 4 Vepe ooh REPRESENTATH ; de Viges Xa, VaR Te8 Ue to. weblogs, ex : or 0M primaay= 7 dn Rewriahey eee ee p ; : » ep : y owt we Shr ngse . OY Seu Mdlory : ‘ > \ | 3 ¥ 7 8) old vo Vee an = \2e@ a v6 \ tip “> ©E.= Tle t vy Va = Ey: 4 1,25 My Giz Vie Li2p Vis “u T2pt ELV -W py, Pu value= Actual value» - ao 7 Base value Actuat: value = PU x Base Va pu. Vig = af Vipue Vig - Tipu ‘6 *pazig]a ~ F2p.726 Ypu 2, Pa Me 7 ne V2 pu > divide Vi pu ~ Viipu)= Zpudpu where 5 Bpue Pppu) + * 10 “VI Mev. acti) - pbc to Primary: KVb = 110 2b = kv Cuoy> : ‘MVAb ob OU RO More Be he wea ke ooh a 0 TH" MNO Xor= us y Oe tS ke 2o1'= Roi t Xo) - Bo #653) A] ph. Pus Adda son jes Bare ROTA C. ~ = (091445 64012) pyy COBeHY ReffUk to Second. Ves kv MUbye-6 Ce = AO-EGA. R= 0» - Dez Be = AWM eo Rm IFQO) KY OF dogsiye . Nr= O24 (UNCON 6.65 wee 020-65 i pus O-S45 065 ~ 6 O0/44 gow) 2p be ~ J sloo EQUIVALENT CuRcvIT EOE COMPONENTS 0 Powe sy, ef Komori rT. IN squiveleut Creat toy Trans} Giontice, ¢hoda *MPE DPNCE ¢ REACTANCE BIDGRAM:-— aw emnpudance, Or Avatar dagen Af or poor By stony is the eqiivelert erect 9} Hi ‘power Bystem we hide Ahe, COLO components 6f fe Pou’, syste Ore Acprgsenled by a approxima z jfad equivghkert 40 ey acon o Bou 4s AU a Amol pre the ae ee a4 Gw Ayo und bok ondiliors (Loaet- Flue Studi) oe Lp analyse ne ‘oe a ———the umndilion 0§ ayo umd faut Jenpiiance Quaguam's- ‘ Ga hile dian sa tin the arte oe nas pln by ti 8 ytiarolimt asieuis, : thy following affroctmnotlont aru made ty borg Amprolomc ctiagearn. 0 Whe eteent denthing scmpiclomens bluse Gcinde boos eaten te: HS Paguat: Bo neolnat. Sb. inte: the [ooned ele weed tow smmbared t0 the ood cusoray the shunt onl Gotha Wilt tie og, (5) 9 the, inductive veadanee of’ 9° 43 sug Nighy 90 MOR aes eis ook Bacon’ ) wmuinat R077 #0] azoevt 2 xed pue- Hq BD cong “Sec? Hl eH 100 ‘gepds ond Base value Gqererator ratty » gase, lad MVAb = adeMv Wau” gen KVAb = RO KV Yu g nee = 0:0 ax MVE new . caine? J HAVA old KVAO Id =o 00 oe =o pax 300 x (2) "300 a! - 02 “ ° forula (nyt pare) _ aoky Boke |, BAO 200 MA 2g0MVA / A = IRO. PoKar® 2830. [Seomy — &Ro-¥ fein J 230 9 230K [de gata Co\ a vt 20° x more® CC aako0 kv ¢ 09 LT acioN = kv ON HT Selion x UT voltage pare Ors MF HT vo Hage vet ke on HT section = KVb OO LT geetlonx UT vol 5.008 Lt Hage joan Tranimis ton ae > 0-S-2J em for GYkKM—> LUXO'S N= 311 Dahaw Fee, €4, ate ala KVA > Hy Pus o- OI HAVA nee ld . . % MVb, ONS 2e8 S50 X * fay: tp aide , | motes ever 0 3 Sow | fe . . unrds as Bh wv = 0-0 BSPS. both = 0-/X200, (230%) a See 20MVA ff 20 MVA yew aro kv) Bs : swodtance. the v Vann yten Uwe + : . hy A-Y) ee kME eats ved ty grev ¢ » - S (azo re) Ty ok wreceervrern MVA b 260 = ees .. fone oe 3-P unck- 7 B® AOMVA, BS xepe = Bae ca epoma 7 UTS Pe a AUS _tmpe a3 ; winks Rabe ah Pe Transhornck TL caw em Pu aclect a0, aoe f ype 2 ASOD iy hy ~ WA Views wy 300 la 8 oO 4 a . : : one ® . a 0+ OFspa. @s* 3 20 ’ G - o-ap SOUR att ns py vila ~~ee motor 2 = 0-2X200 , }132) _ 4, a, Pd x|'35) = PANS (Ney pa) i MH OFS Ud, (Xmy.pa) : : R981 9 —_ . 40.08 forelpe — jo OTP: | Jom toy bey OTA 2 Jos €4, (? 1 ¢ m4 em (@) A SOMVA ,leKv, 3-6 generale fos in cule Monet vitactance 6f 0-2 pu the aro! supplies tuo motes ows 9 trantmisscon fine owing t's 04 path ends as shown intig. the motor has wold Xp: of somva ft BO MvA ath 30 KV goth 016 pu tebbransine te seating, ob derdirg ie i SOMNM esth the Meakage soolonu of. 0° [pu q ot eeiveng end has 3B Aa-G tHp's aon nud 2 a 3-g «amit. the soling 4h ou ordiridual tp VA, B2FGKY sith deokage seodtarcy Af Olde the aves impedane of the Gre Base jas Draw Wa en ERE agnor with olt neactante, marked at. Base vale, suotanc - "Tigyvev CA-Y) 4 20M dite Pur add gorthyolet Kalking W) a * sayie . GoMYA 4G] a3ky = peGisky one ope Son 7b 3 (y— - 13) & | A Li 06 45 -48)4 Pa | he . \ o-9p” on, I yuh pit IS KV \Qokv \ 957) OA as “> ! oy¥2= vt-bMAb, acu = 5ORMA: - i. . 7 a ha o-re x= ( KY news = ISKV sosan af fo Y@en, Neur = O-2pu- : , = 0-05 \ i : . . +r Mi WKY —¥ 1g2kv ; moo IS KV —» 2 Q M,—? MORO a” we a xis = 1G0kV TV 13l- 63 —r 33 (80. —>? = (BOxS3 5+ lee )ah 3 We | x OY MVUANLe : - me Mvaold * ae a4 |QOMVA 5 9 oN, of ons pu gy 4 FTX SS n Ahroug 2D “Ky BD OUKSD yan gt 185: & X=O0-lepu Xpu = 0-05 34p.. | By 4abeg 4h \ Gb per Unk < Gs crn aa a pen mnt nino valet Aab+BS ‘ BQO kV EM 2b= Kvay, (80) _ é ee so OM © \oomva . \~ ee 2pux HS +fas = (0°03 BS JON a, | (4) Nou MUA XT OSa G7 Ora sO, slay py yx fg 66 )80 4s = 0056 i 7 ft motor M . a ry O1SX 3 tie = OYSVOn yak Oley niwtoy My —+ 0-15 x B x BE Oot Gv, 0165 — A IQ0MVA, A-Skv gen hata. Ayrmoneus tathance Of ois pug ib a tonnidee a Proms fotma Ahnougl a honimision Line raled (so hun BH) iBey & X=O-lpu . enlilabe We PO unt wenden Bry jahty she groin ating a the bow value. Gb pa unt peakane by jobig yp daltiy of Dave value (i) per wm acoitance pe a bre vale Af OOMUAG BOKV- OW HP pide of ott 9 A 150 1" vu U ae eY 1B | 23dKY . Det PY 2 (G) oes IG Ro G _ 4) % 4 . [5-92 = fMNe Kp. nyse tf “AD Te TOW proMh Yq, OX ee xis yr.& has 1 - a (t XT HOPE A oat é | 212 = | a DUTTA 75D | gus -apeail” 2 at Mid XG = OSX 15D Ah NY, ; 120" Lb Fin Faas Oo f ype a f g 1OOMVA, 220KkY on HT Bile VB 280 7229 { dk Vpjp- gue LOKI: { aa ok tS “pV Vik= —ve OF : : 1 the EQUATIONS woomun ——— 2 { eens i Yu Vs S 31 | eaoy uw om Voi Vy + Y G = OISPX 100. FIGs v, 7 120 x(a 31) = 6+ ose Ya Mi + ¥. T= Ox 10. 7 “ygo X (4 x) 3 YoiMit Y, Yn Ya Y Yor Var Yn Yas | You & : | ns" 1D Gener Yer 0 ‘ | Yik= ny.23)2]23 5 Bos ~apeai rance MarR a . ket My Yd Van Va be the Node volkage at nodes 4, 2 ai, respectively. In= Zum of current’ Sources connected 40 nodes.1, 2,2, - - vespectively. det Mai = 84m OF admttlance connected +40 node | Vek ~ve “OF gin oF cdmnittances ‘Blis oae j and ke... The EQvATIONS -for the above ave vex Ww: D) Yu Vit Vawat Vig Vat - = +Yin Wp = In “Cnede 4) Yor Vy + + 2M + WaaMa t Mayer ~ 2 AVA Vy = Ip! * Yay Vy Yay Mite 2. o oO ‘ = Yan Vn = Tay ' , ok. : oy \ ‘ i Yori + Yon Vit YnaVst --- -+Ynn Vp = Inn Yn Va Vig ~ -2 Yin vi Vor Yas Yas = | ve | i wt ae 5 ' i jl y a, Ym Yon vane Ves : you nXo Ox Yous © (Bled Bus- Admittance Mais No- of D7 Buses [nodes] in General, Voge Bum of all admtttanes Coane cle to Buta Yips ve oF the sum of OY the adwittan ces conn ectict Jk= Blus bus J BUS K-Vou symmettfeal around ate erietpad Atog 4 Ned The AdmiHanues Yn» Mos Y.. are “called beth adunat & other _admitianus are ae mobic adentt ance, Via adfl¥aes) det Kus (@) Solve: the node voltage Mf Y2 In the clrastt shown the voltane: @ impedances. are qtven ta per ae on My 8002 3 cA Vu = i) . I es EC 27. +o oe ek JO.8 Jor $35; Moz \ F FR Vbs ( 57) . 6y #3 Yay SL { , * Gad 3s Yo = 4 \ \ so te tt Le" s,28 Fo “6-85“jr Is “] yee \ =| Zao | “js -6 8) Lv] _ ito _P2E Ly Vey" y rte A O20 wie | wSe i Ve wir oi fo. ~jo-ra Lae ry PBA TOE TT Le Hina p SS O28 FY _ altel Py G05 8 Ge Ve O94 120 +0464 Lo / ee 10° Hoos f | oY iv { SO-iaRy =0/20§ /30'4 0.29910 ee ‘ Cramer's rules Me Bil pes” ys. ou= [ 1e60 YL ceseae suze" , 0-8 290 bBo . . -60. hove ) ee dee ae 53.45/30. LIS og ea} ~ 7 i Mie $l Bn Ty +Aila) ” gq . )} Ms bp anne Arta), In Nodal baw. - : 1) whew He | } ; n trode voltage -- are k in oriudor ‘ n | Vee S 2 ET with ath cote , 1 ther - y Nik = lo factoved Vir : | Py N= Det of Y et mi Vik, nwo Aaj = Sum of Went soure fennaked 4o node j jz5 ; ies) . Vie } Bus 7 . eS PR) wove ELIMINATION: : . ate nw V buspadmittancee mabe week ser Ae nju Vusnstuct thy aUicurtt uuith the pacientes wb Mane russ biminatect the frocen -of Bus 2 | matin by lominclion com be strflified dh one ‘but Ly An livined 0b 0 time, ® : a L Your = | Ye Ye Via= =~ Yn Yq bo Yer Yor Vago Seen) Yaa “Tors Yon Vy, Y 2 ’ > Me [_—_ - ees = oan 0-44 Yoon Le ne... ned », - me vo am xe . Nae Ee Voto. Yon © H rae 4 Vous = 2 by thi case mola M ll have Only ene & DAA is Me reciprocal Ff the elemot the Lu to Le ivntmatil mest le Riglert numbed & VE @ring may te be ied. ITA com de asheintcl bY 102 le dane, Seewhen Aus fe has to be wlimivelid crv 2 ytlem dwt Anclafersenit syclems, the “pth vou in inl dangel wrth, nth FOU, % pth ot 4 Inn with nth dotenvn fn the. hus admilbane mabcx then | Meine aes & keLM’ r Vik, nae = Vik ~ YN Yt peala: La Yon r > tren: ae Ja ee We dr). BSS Eng IR) Yin, Yok 5 Very, Oe element oy FA Are no shown an +g. From the V bus admtanw mobine, Metimine the Redivceh adi py. . J4 US ek / { io malicu by elenintbamirng 4 node .all 42, Unt ee» pu i i. * ® jos ~jo-y jos W/ ANp tm , ft Nel - ET ROSY: : : . oO, ; @ ; Shun P7UOS Odd tow x = J +70 . ous = oe J sD) TOS Soy joy ee Wes th), joo oo | yy ES tiy “aa : \ ory joe Sec., \ , ~~ a Goda au AOS | jo-y ‘ 0 ° jos r °F 4 Jo) = ageg 2Yous, pes = K- Lm ia. Vbus new = Gr jo.5 joy Jes Sir jor Lon “Jory SOY I.E “ie ‘Gal ee] Ue 40 : a ition cle uv ace 64 6 6 ; Ljau oYibuyr i? =f fey fos Oe O27 JOS Gp] jo-b jObh job Le ya (© BetVrnine the but aabyctlanee hie of He byte showin . the Went ¢ ae Yous = ~Gatiaagiy tts a Ja if ~U44j2) 0 ja ja 5 ip 543 Hirtis) +s INP Li) . J Bo Ushi ayeg, Se -| ef S 2 5 0 jr 3, ro Oo a wh i Rous JS > iq Ry Aoey 4axy J 7 5 Iattrdasty p.; ; = i[tle 9 jai fy aaa Oo je 0 jr rr ee) 6 9 ig" : ape ee wi vie : a ee = o i on je us hoo fs la Sa i 2 ete er = r= feds, ss ay ' ae of = -{ ; wee J Lo sf - +, “y o eta ig f Ociesth - 9 =10 ij can - ley 8 . ° . 405. oer “Riy9 ke UM er ~“4SCj © = 5 } 0 ant 4 tea, F ty : Cas oy: J Ja wfo-22 ; |e. 0 4gus- IMPEDANCE MATRIY :~ pus Vel , Gy) v= YVeut . bat teu < Van [Ye Sour eo hen Cur impedame maktx can. be ay ae by. tun method wy () By taking the Inverse of the bus edbdrtttapec ' maki ‘ G 7 Peed fh. Diredty fom: the.’ reactance diet tans gpa mnhos Tequives the. kKnousledge of the modifi cottons 84 2 bis tmpedanc .matrie duerto addition ey * ner bus 60 dadtelifion of « nee oe Cepeda bus. the existing. “buses. —_ , M0 DIF eA TION: oF AN exustag. us IMPE DAs Dance. MarR vs Ak us devote’ the -crtagnal: - “2bus » Fa system, uth D no. of énclepey dert buses as de On ae a tohen a brand. of empedanc 2, U1 ode to the syskm, Zortgtnat gett modrffed - the, branch tmpedance 24 can be ohdid +o a ortginal syskm 7 rep “the” Follovoing 4 diffenent WO « gasek> Adding « brody of ‘mpectonee Pom & ney bur & +o refrone bur. bus p dorsidr on nr bus By clon O4 how. dot ut add bus Pthrough amv tnpedan tp to the AGUNG by,y the dddition of the but atl encear We a gst 7 hau ampeclane moat Ay 4 “ Adding bus neo ‘| 2 arigtnesl ; 000 + |} d % ny. bud an this case, the lemavg - the bith eng o yen amd wow are all 3eroc oxceft the ding oral . Fn the diagonal clement ig the’ adicled, btareb, bes dmfidavie 2% a ae (ase Re adding Ye fiom ana PBus % thy the d HOAe a! york: burg tonsil ari. 0 Lug. na) 5 Hho by a bug nities at Amcarhiy VfL frag ay ied A hea by if a . Selo sigh ! L ee * dcbelig’ dh an: pu impedence ov bus ah. dmfedoner§ 54 to. 20. wliminnoting (r aoleti vurduurd Sus crating ba ye tlt Op i ug welt felouivg Pon cen eon ee 2S HD) FAL lnc 1 CEO exlaney oe the ements “Of qth: tolumm; % the: ous re theming 44. Unio th Sew? We the -Aeint ath Yous. fbi the deagiral darork Ad Given By the ges: : aq ta TY Wi Sic ay LOR UL Addin 2 a e Sae “we * Optrol ay th : wey ! Mic, a an ns \ 2g tr 2 ran ogres, | a : : “he Herren AL He *eainek ou mat | Ahaon ag. “ 7 Be d)eenc«—_—_——— - L083» ding. 2h from alin existing Sus q tp * the sehounn bus (line 8 added /remored] Ntongicler cor nbus syshen as phon an he hiquee tte hicks On. raimpedameeith iy aclded fom an eaisting uy Q tp the sufererce by, Ad considit a6 B25 2 connected ftom’ a 1s us Pant existing but 9. Therchoe as per sade as The Mum but omedane matrin oroler As nts then by thot Ducting He Lud'g He the vafounne APM At equivalot 04 limipatiog nth, bus te. bus Pp um this. case. 80, He Lud, tmprdane mavrin has to Le. mockife ay zlimimating (nth see 9. ine th: whom , the’ vucduued Ls impcdance mabrie can Le foona ti, fotlovxny a acnlare Aspen as that 06 bus adritlone molre - 4 bus n: bus a System] 4, a eee : us preg s "eoigiadt Ee ARTY aes “241 dM 2qal2gqeae 24k, act = hk Howton OA : Ht). eu ddidiong Xe blus fore Seen co eee onn bes aigtlion a Shou nw an whid. an ania % iu o> Bagitens dilat hetivery tun Lxistiirg buses qbw| hawk dre tha case, Be buy —~ kinpiedance malice is poorect as Ahoy thre the uenen® a oy th column Be diyprenc blw The Mann SF calaumne, t al —She alemont fp) the nove As the “iff bl. leant def 9G HOD ghe diagonal bemert M Fer we muicinod| 2 Haba wile SNS Doig 1h ba | t fo Lay ty hey, mu *6m 3 \ whee A Lois dine sthe “mediffeatien “dodnot in Slashes nddition of nw beat, the ith Se hay « impedance mac ho £0 wrcdicich Loy th ca dnirrabig( ned} column, to You Uk, auc" He eystonnke- Cn ile) DIRECT DETERMWATION OF . BUS yMPEDANCE- MATRIY in direct dubtiminaliow Af Ybuy, faut consceln an vinpidonee %, conniclech frome fry Ib rowne Bs ahi dclel ‘eadhlomert wy : eorfedonce] wcactamee UES diddgiacrr bent Preky Os % sreclifyy aes cv gas tae _ Pack magcligivation ef ud invveluet any Af the greases ditutiee above”@ Pdumume 2 bus fw the cytlm whore Ycalanct: hia.qiam id ad AOvon any Fequte © hu the ainpredomens are jen sir po it Yreftience bus se N—nedes. «ns equalions ‘a 4 buses { Ses derek deter Moen 380, LB Tan, © jr [sa] skp® (ancctp) chdiy a ‘hom a nwo Bua to eaiatey en JOr , ole se dt LHYO-2r Sez Be . via f $b br TH “a, tina” | jb2 : | ‘ ’ See fey skepd : cane (O) . = @ 1) Dos f JUD Gres jeer je a Sha Ge ghey tig, tows . fir jru fuss} 7 Ebb= frudfors . 5 (y kee . LY) Ghe poJhh, - grit gh © Joe Gy joss 6 thus © gr H ie 7 J 5 Se pene jp gms Sy ey Nese ; “ ‘ : jm Jey sist Tyo | SSSHIS. fy os -@ Va eltninod ov. te Ut Ae ye. ) - Ses) rie \ Io seager]be [Sho WD TY oa ary [is ee ee [ar Jee sig pps J JEOS Eqns a yy pe she 6... 186 - S [Shr fbr ja afOe4 She jpy Jia ft ie Jee py Roe - Jf =J0+609 Joes J096 5 4g wy JOSI 5064 . js es eI ge: Los |’ O98 = [ee f 068 Psd) sa AL md Joe jorsqo “y : 10-649 JOS joes | > “| $0689 fo.zer a8 | {ep - wee . SES oddly §y by ON Bue esc josg ow bb = Mm rBSHIPS So-1s ak = *6 are (ost SJoe | 4 O-F28 shu’ joerg - 9 o-tst 5087 Sy.o j0so F068) jo-#ex 5 0.14]: jo-649 Jos70 402128 J 013R —jo 04 -join | j0G : caypbemirotton + \ / : ate Poul = ( Songpn go-RYI™' fois90 J 649 ‘JO 7% — $4 O84 + alte aforoy ‘ EY OG, - JOST joey LHe JW soar yp ashes oy Jou, beat : a i 48 a : _ piowo4 ; ams, \ i = [Jo ass yo -ODFIYY 4020019 40.94 7 [nn 0-00/6 -0 004 +0 +02393°20: 0668 -6.032, = \50428 10644 Jo.sio 39649 J0.9¢> $0695 JOS5 50:60, 50.96 O- 03/66 5000506 So.0433 +) J0-0184. joes, ~jooas: [45 0-099) “joes Fo. = tj 0-69634 jo-esqou 50-6333 10-6644 — f0-45)7 jocesa 56° 669) Goyeds 0-650 3062. SONY@Odebmin e Lus sy tov Ryser Senge 9 Pbus= [1-25] ey ow a , @ ~~ cate @ ; ; jap = © — Pap Shes gree yasy WS pag | Jour stp-$ firheat ? ce oes @ ws 8 4 Mouse [TPIT fers jy J Beas Sire jy i Vg WS ns ged a gp-4 | at 5 care @) — £6), ~ , At py Ll : OB by ay 1 buss PSs Gyr yar a q BE sng prs AS ps RS sh Jin)- ° ap, =f dees fleas firs \ how bug FI FPG GES Les jhas gas ivy wea fe As tes BRIS ele ca plete a @ Spe O-@-O4QP q y's? Unie sie dns. grg |! Vers GS as) ayy BME oe pH Bro fee Gh. Ghee ie in| 2 . - D345 ae pee ee] Shy gre ges Hie oes S14 Jougs “JOSS ~Poacy: | 7jo-59S so 714 se] oars 4,, J $0704 ~F eye Ves gia jrase |; JOS” 5 Oar J0-65y* | 49.486 " JO444 JO-S96 LOM jo-S46 py gry de® Ae Gee aA to natin Jot Sew” jouw jp, @ fow Joy L en . $ @ jes bus OOS 54 9G D5 sos 74 J0U9F Jose farary joo SOUF OOF Joy _sep® @ ‘to 4 enter ey tare @ MO SEO ates [SO 5065 JpoM jan JOOS JOB 365% jo re ras gt Jose Jos jot fogs ies a ys 20-958 tHE seve fost Jo 84 fos Jos LOT Uk Peps Reg” = 20st) L-forse jay Soy gore Jorre hinge) bus 0-166 Fo bo%r 5066 334 So-SRo4 Joss” Jovom@ —foS32 fOg~) Joasiy — fo.eu4 Jo-64 go. eqoot forFle = J 0-ohy sober [07667 fo-ee3 JOOSS FOU —Fy.Uq Poe ; 3 mo 4) Jo 'Gg Joosr J 0-486 jo.sge “Jost for ; 1 joyay {o-sa6. um J 046 Yoisy Dinaa ‘ | : A te sy So 4) | Joss ~Jouss ~Joly Sorsy Fe fois Joa | fot | - a ~S 0-165: » Oty j0-08 J JOU Ig sy) Joss ~jots 30-184; 50 asg e024 +LOAD FLOW STUDIES = dead low sladin dnvelitr the soluctcon Of FON Syiln plwork umdu sltady tole Hondition. the souicteon At ained by wonsiuduing wlan neq uolity conitaints PALL Lor node voltages & soackive fowe “of “gen ervolotys the main infoometion cbtaincdl fom Load flow sliudy awe He litude G& phase anger Of the vettage at cod fris 4 baal &% vache frowrt flece” an tab Lone \ os Loack flow solution bso gives the’ entleoe Leto’ of the. syn, tba, Khe Biartirk thou, ops the gor 4 2 ‘we Hadisd, y jor Ih AAS uses ; a ak’ auntol Ho. -elacide, Be Lert ofirrations ep tbe entitling sypslem 5 be Manning fulue expariiorr Of Mar, ayn: 34 consnteal BO, Aagrny s heew few Plant 3 st_qervrally eae? the follocsng sys CO) Rifsstertation of seplor by soaqte tine hiagsan cy Bbminirg he the load {90. equations cam Le sold Lay hoding hadkine firver % flrase of the bua wothog tgeally fe--goreralor Auscs , te vreaettere fewer Himits witite sfetgid! (hh LACK Bus: 3. thy bus As Jol ‘slask sf the mogratade and fhox of shan: Mw sprrifced for thie Ars he dak beth i the weferanin Bury fer the Load flow solctions % usally ore ug is abedled, -04 olatk bus. 5 BUS THRE QUANTITIES Specitieo . QuAmTITEs To be CBFAS PECIFIZD Leah Bus crag)! Pb. ve 4onwrolor bus (pv) PU oS Blade fous vs) vé Bg 2 PG-Pp P67 Geneteled power 9 =Gq-Qp, (P> Paver at dard dead,» IV] = magnibude oy this Voltage S= fou wp Lns voltageCO = NEED OF CuNck Bug re / a Sd flower syst has rently too “thes Ob 6, they aw load y agenerctor Pres dyn tase ess enty fovrer ds enftclid by the gin, Y fewer dinuon by the Load ae, PRGOG . Rut He pours love un the Aartmocon Line ,, Nel acasuntied , \ dn a fone agit the total fowe, : "eg vs qual cto She som 0f Ahe owe, Lorber the Leads | losses ter SUM OF COMMER , POWER hs ve Syk > SUM Of Hon fle ‘ee rae ad Bee tere 5} toed 4 Fine {tater ty \ oh Ob ain Lin, PAN, USton, . a . LINE = y" 7 tw bre in, thee Loses tale oe Proven AH aolving 90d Slo equations “aor there Watens, fr vual % vuqitie howe of One of qenustory tps it not, APY ED 9, HU Moury y calltch a glock drug ot ty auiumed Hel Ue dav Hes qerreroty the & Stattine fovea dr he Moramirston tire Lori,Y stame doar FLOW EQUATIONS” aA fewer system Lemsst ‘inal, Drath that au inlvoommedtek by means of @ een / the fewer do unjected cnto the buses bron BOTS while the loads aro RMed fren it Pos4§ Or B15 Gp,- Pas+ iG, PD yr ob b D544 Qs fn Cy te the COPE POU ens ty ‘Pivetis: Soa "ot 96 1 26 U upnvienicst-t0 Phos 6. 45.06, co smsidin the Aoods tds =f et: jive gensectons the SG Ge4t 8G, he Nec Powe oe The lomploe pour iWihnendit, bythe a So, = Po, tS Bo, / ” SB.= Pp +f, i Say Pp, +40, ; Ss =PEIG, ei , * (P64 Boa) ~ Urn +J@p) Sie Pork )a ¢ ¢ 9% -05) FOF (06. S3= (€6s-Pp, Stile Steg = hase, Qo.) +5 (0G,~ Oy)Te TIS dutty Ip, MMe ving > ces ae 5 F OMY) Na + (-u) ¥ . i 4 SZ Svat: Ye! Viel: . : l “ES a ie shows Ye vi ye \ . a Ye ae Le = MOA Ont Poe Ad wae Btmiles iy? ay = Vai Yer + lowe \ Bay, Yin + Va og 4 Yas¥e3 on Ly VnoMe Yi fv, , a a \> Mr Yer va | |e | : % %3) Yen Vond Lvs , ’ ‘ > = ohn Yq —7O$= Pr+4Q, a i 7 7 7 a PF fete }*-|hei@,)” $6 = Up] 36 he j Qp = vet zp Pr- nn F p-IOp- yy P= Vp [ Z,Yea Ya] 3§, Vp =e Sp = \vple ’ V4 =|Vql 285 =Ivale? Veg = !Ypq | LOps, a iVpq)e°&t | = n D4 Sp= Ve} 7 | ¥4j IY] 25 (pq +85 a) ae 1 Copy y bq 5 Volta INpq be Sorat 82- Sp) fr- 5G fe. nan 54 Watkty Pore, tems i i8ine) p= -Fy oe, Vel V6) LYpe ge Ut) Go 19 pg + 84). sp] P= Yon Nit YpeNot ~-+¥pp Vy + = pn, 5 7 ~ n fe a Ypq Vat reves Ya 3 =p4j = Pp iGe Ip= eu _s ver ce) Vp= Pp-3Q, n : , Yee [ vet - 2, You) | Gaus — eel & uettep,GAUSS SIEDAL METHOD > . ne. aT a + : . on gauss eda method, the sate h Vale ae 7 vettage aw amumed cle wd a4 V9 ve w | en subililating these intinl beliseg “Pn thre Above, a ’ eqn, the seeviged vale % eer votinge Vie ay Vv Lormprlel » 4 PAs veced yates 06 Vib as weplack orth to, ie) be nw ab ot End . wnttal value 06 UP g the vueisedl value, Ht tng vettage Vy! is sompited. * | a The process 28 supoated The -above eqiiakion, is modibted.’ o4 vp a4 eg lav el Ye ( Te ° 2m va e Yea. Ve] =A L=PH AzERs TO _Be FOLLO Wep: @® Fun the Pei Ebr oe Lady ix , Yor loka Utames- mothcx om ARE The ack Lous@ she comviongene in Gyavus sercdeut mlb Con dhe speed I by tung aceelrattion fole' 4 A a5 (|. Y-t G) VO KE ' 7 keel, P lace) = Vpk 4 XC Vp e vp) a Oe : Iz Vige (3t Yous = { 3-34 “UNG -Itj3 ° “1tS6 3.65) <6 OH. Laps \ vel “OST ke seas, ~2446 A cit] - : J 2446 354 sine bos & Black buy | v} = Vs Nips roa \-b4f? | Of No =V3=Vy = paJO. Ya = ayy? we) = ! [ aston * Cro (row) ~ 60644j)2)0),,, ~{ ~1453) (19) = 1OW+ 6.05.7 Ny'= a e 38 ; ‘ %sl ceMs me ~ Ye.) - Yey ma) cwitho t a. . res oe oes a9 GoW) oe «F064 Ja) 1-02 4oreg) 2g)Spas SeIpal meTHog FoR BOTH Fe § AY Bur:: oF (p For Bus. Admittance marx 3 (®) alscurme @ flat voltage profile -foy all PQ bates ® Coledate the reactive power ap a “Eel ps ack ae S 1 = . £0 6 @ check ow fe. “Hite ins (onthe -f) @ fh Op Ba wihn the Utes SFA . wpe &pmax tondder ; ro te "as rageeived Value fj procecck BF the calewlacton -of As IY of the respecdeh PV bus. caleulate the bus voltages Vp" for all the P@hue: (b) tt Gp" tt Vioodting the Itrokts ef aS Grain FLEE OP = Opin & Heat that but as a PO bu fnsttad of Pv busand caletate the bus voltage. atocilarly + Op" > max het Opie pv bis & Op max 5 treat phot Ol as & PO bus tnsteacl of taleulete the bus voltages .wy TNA ‘ ga add 254 mung (9) Fer the ‘system Co ote a a 8 Soctton cobras, . O- % 2 teen “ n= Yr + Ys = 22-1) &: (Fe -Fp) “304. =22~-jq Mra ys eye < 26-9 %: = - = Wet Yao ay = 2a2gn Yay = Sunt Yya = Bi fs y 2244 AHS | -baaty 6 bus = ie ROG -OS4SG des Th DH OSG A “124i . Vl4jplh yer aja 2-345 er - 106/76. O44 1. OU LO” \tJO -1L0Sy.y Ss 2 8 [vay Yay S10 (On & - Sn TM Ys 8nOn4f $5) +Vo V3 ae } (1-04) C06) (- 144 5) (Sin( 0+040) ALLOMDAUOYY(2+6 —fiD> + (Lou) 1) (0S) nA kn 2 * Opk" = 1) a, k Ypg VQ + SY Ve p mf ve) 2 Pa D 2A 4s >4Iy]ve [Ya ¥} rave + ¥gP+ Yaya] h = 10y | Frasé 106) + (2-6-Jud (1-0) $(-0- SAD + Chr ajayco] = 004596 -0-LUSGS Op Kt ol4se p vane 0, © Opt! 6 Grew PV buss le PAK Vy Mie ~ Yoyo Yow Yl Ae . phew a -_l 0-5 -j0-lYse 1 a a = (-14§s) (106) pe & ection | - Coase). CY we ~ CT) ty 4 ~ 904 L204, Meo [BIS oy Woy w *Yaye) : Yay %° oo ~o-u a 0-38 ; ot pa (42459) Choe) (2-49-31) - CP S4IN) Creu = (12452) (n) = 4+06+5—>o: 02% ) yoo 4 100% Fo O15, Vy 39-9848 0.096. ne Q Lor. “By ined Sour ®. obters ONS cane (by 8a =.02. (ornered +o Pe by, ues teller Pra 7 Oz [ar Apher updated Vale Of VA" pot Prevtous Valu, w= = F-7O. - ay -¥, Me - Vou “J Yo ve Y> 2 \ =) O'S -JOIL aan) mora AIH . vl VOYLO Sere) bes ~ COS4 OY Cay = -IS3V4 iS W3L6BS-S1Q._ > ee | P; -JO Yay _ ' ‘ Mar Mi = Yaa No ~ Yaya ve . . a 1) ——— ~ (IDF jy) (06) »q-5t (-0-S 434) (1-20-15. 395) ~ Chrtivedy > O38 -S -4UdGj = S-4i 2-86-45 \ . . Vues oe \ a ~ Yup W = Yon el Yue J Yay vye -o-L+, 01 , . S80 = (1204 1-4) I a = (474591 0-436 -5-407))] = 0-4614-S35 = 458 Le 8424.