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Mechanics of Machine Note

The key differences between a machine and a structure are: 1. A machine transforms energy into work through its links, while a structure only transmits forces through its members without transforming energy. 2. The links of a machine transmit both power and motion, whereas the members of a structure only transmit forces. 3. A kinematic chain is formed when links are joined such that each link forms part of two kinematic pairs, transmitting motion from one link to the next to form a chain.

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37 views3 pages

Mechanics of Machine Note

The key differences between a machine and a structure are: 1. A machine transforms energy into work through its links, while a structure only transmits forces through its members without transforming energy. 2. The links of a machine transmit both power and motion, whereas the members of a structure only transmit forces. 3. A kinematic chain is formed when links are joined such that each link forms part of two kinematic pairs, transmitting motion from one link to the next to form a chain.

Uploaded by

Precious Arimoro
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Created using Notebooks by Droid-Veda LLP Jul-4-2022

Difference between a machine and a structure

Machine transforms energy into work but in a structure no energy is transformed.

The links of a machine may transmit power and motion but the members of a structure only transmit forces.

Machine is made up of links that transmit power and motion.

Kinematic relates with motion and forces.

Kinematic links is that part of machines that moves in relative to another parts. Kinematic pair is the joining of two links.

A link must not be a rigid body but a resistant body

A rigid body

types of links

1. Rigid link: Link which does not deform as it transmit motion.

2. Flexible Link: one which is partly deformed in a manner that it doesn’t affect the transmission of motion. e.g belts, ropes, chains

and wires...

3. Fluid Links: one which is formed by having a fluid in the receptacle and motion is transmitted through the fluid. eg hydraulic

press, jacks, brakes,...

Kinematic Pair: When 2 links or element of a machine is connected together are said to form a pair if relative motion between

them is completely or successfully constrained then it’s a kinematic pair.

Constrained motion: A motion which moves in a definite direction

Types;

1. Completely constrained: the motion between the pair limited to a definite direction irrespective of the direction of force applied.

E.g Piston and cylinder forms a pair and it’s a completely constrained motion because it moves in a relative motion and doesn’t

change direction

2. Incompletely Constrained: If the motion between elements or links forming a pair can takes place in more than one direction,

then the motion is said to be an incomplete Constrained motion.

Classifications According To Relative Motion

Classifications of Kinematic pair

1. Sliding pair: when 2 elements of a pair are connected together such that one can only slide relative to the other, it’s said to be

sliding pair. further studies shows that sliding is usually completely constrained motion. e.g the ramp slides on the lake bed on a

lathes machine.
Created using Notebooks by Droid-Veda LLP Jul-4-2022

2 Turning pair: when 2 elements are connected together such that one can only turn or revolve about a fixed point or a turning

axis relative to the other link, it’s known as a turning pair. eg shaft with collars

3. Rolling pair: When 2 elements of a pair are connected together such that one rolls over the other in a fixed point, it’s a rolling

pair.

4. Screw pair: When 2 elements of a pair are connected together such that one element can turn about the other by screw

threads, the pair is known as a screw pair. eg. bolt and nut

Classifications According To Type of Contact Between the Elements

a. Lower pair: when 2 elements of a pair has a contact and the surface of one link slides over the surface of the other e.g sliding

pair, turning pair and screw pair

b. Higher pair: when 2 elements of a pair are in contact with each other when relative motion takes place is partly turning or partly

sliding is known as higher pair.

Classifications According To Type of Closure

a. Self close pair: when the 2 elements of a pair are connected together such that only required kind of motion occurs, then it’s a

self close pair.

b. Forced-closed pair: When 2 elements of a pair are not connected mechanically but are kept together by the action of external

forces, it’s a forced closed pair. e.g can and follower.

Kinematic Chain

A Kinematic chain can be defined as a joined in such a way that each links form a part of two pairs.

If the last link is joined with the first link to transmit motion, it’s a kinematic Chain.

When one link forms a part of 2 pairs, it’s a kinematic Chain. E.g a Crank shaft forms a kinematic pair with the bearings. It must be

in relative motion to a certain if it’s a kinematic Chain. either completely or successfully constrained motion.

Number of pairs =p

Number of links =n

Number of joints= j

L=2p-4............(i)

Another relationship between number of link’s (L) number of pairs (p)

J=3/2L -2..........(ii)

If the LHS is equal to the RHS, it’s a kinematic Chain.

If the LHS is greater the the RHS, it’s a locked chain which forms a rigid frame or a structure. eg roof truss
Created using Notebooks by Droid-Veda LLP Jul-4-2022

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