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13.4 Notes 2

The document discusses redox titrations and stoichiometry calculations involving redox reactions. It provides examples of using a redox titration between permanganate and tin(II) solutions to determine the concentration of an unknown permanganate solution. It also presents a practice problem where the titration of hydrogen peroxide with sodium perchlorate is used to calculate the concentration of hydrogen peroxide. Key steps involve writing balanced redox equations, determining amounts of reactants and products, and setting up mole ratios to solve for the unknown concentration.

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Carmen Purewal
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49 views15 pages

13.4 Notes 2

The document discusses redox titrations and stoichiometry calculations involving redox reactions. It provides examples of using a redox titration between permanganate and tin(II) solutions to determine the concentration of an unknown permanganate solution. It also presents a practice problem where the titration of hydrogen peroxide with sodium perchlorate is used to calculate the concentration of hydrogen peroxide. Key steps involve writing balanced redox equations, determining amounts of reactants and products, and setting up mole ratios to solve for the unknown concentration.

Uploaded by

Carmen Purewal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as KEY, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electrochemistry 13.

4: Redox
Stoichiometry
Redox Titrations
aqueous oxidizing agents and reducing agents
can be combined using titration and
observing for a colour change to indicate the
equivalence point where all of the limiting
reagent has been completely consumed
Redox Titrations
Redox Titrations
the titrant is always a strong oxidizing or
reducing agent
acidic solutions of permanganate ions or
dichromate ions are commonly used as they
are both strong oxidizing agents and
undergo a colour change when they oxidize
a reducing agent
Redox Titrations
Ex)MnO4–(aq) + 8H+(aq) + 5e– → Mn2+(aq) + 4
H2O(l)
purple-pink colorless
once the reducing agent in the sample has
completely reacted, the next drop of
permanganate added remains unreacted and
causes a pink colour in the mixture
the endpoint is the color change from
colorless to pink
Primary Standard
a chemical used to prepare a standard
solution of precisely known concentration
iron (II) and tin (II) solutions are commonly
used as primary standards as they are very
stable and their concentrations can be
precisely prepared and recorded
permanganate solutions cannot be used as
primary standards as they are unstable,
reacting with water and impurities so their
concentrations change
Stoichiometry Calculations
evidence from the titration of an oxidizing
agent and reducing agent can be used in a
stoichiometry calculation to determine an
unknown concentration
Stoichiometry Calculations
Steps:
1. Write a balanced redox equation using the
five-step predicting redox reactions method.
2. Convert given measurements into a chemical
amount.
3. Calculate the amount of the required
substance using the mole ratio.
4. Convert this calculated amount to the final
requested quantity.
Example:
An acidified tin (II) primary standard is titrated
with a freshly prepared solution of potassium
permanganate. Use the evidence in the next
slide and stoichiometry to calculate the
potassium permanganate concentration.NOTE:
Remember to eliminate outliers from titration
data.
KMnO4(aq
Example: )
(titrant)

17. 16. 16. 16.


4 9 7 8

16.9 + 16.7 + 16.8


−
Avg.Vol.ofMnO4 = = 16.8mL SnCl2(aq
3 )
Example
O
O SO
A O O O
KA+ MnO4- A HA+ Sn2+
A Cl- H
A 2O(l
(aq) (aq) (aq) R
(aq) R
(aq) R
)
SR
A A R A
A
2( MnO4-(aq) + 8 H+(aq) + 5e- ↔ Mn2+ + 4 H2O(l) A )

5( Sn2+(aq) ↔ Sn4+(aq) + 2e-


)
2 MnO4-(aq) + 16 H+(aq) + 5 Sn2+(aq) → 2 Mn2+(aq) + 8 H2O(l) + 5 Sn4+(aq)
Example:

2 MnO4-(aq) + 16 H+(aq) + 5 Sn2+(aq) → 2 Mn2+(aq) + 8 H2O(l) + 5 Sn4+(aq)


16.8 mL 10.0 mL
c=? 0.0500 mol/L

nSn 2+ = cv = (0.010 L)(0.0500mol / L) = 0.000500mol


nunknown nMnO −
nMnO − = × nknown = 4
× nSn 2+
4
nknown nSn 2+
2
nMnO − = × 0.000500mol = 0.000200mol
4
5
n 0.000200mol
cMnO − = = = 0.0119mol / L
4
V 0.0168 L
NaClO4(aq
Practice: (p.600#4) )
In a chemical analysis, 10.00 mL (titrant)
samples of aqueous hydrogen peroxide
are acidified and then titrated with 0.200
mol/L sodium perchlorate solution.
From the evidence, an average volume
of 24.0 mL of aqueous sodium
perchlorate is required to reach the
endpoint.
Calculate the amount concentration of
the hydrogen peroxide solution.
H2O2(aq)
H+(aq)
Practice: (p.600#4)
O
O SO
A O O
Na
A + ClO4- A HA+ H2O2(aq H
A 2O(l
(aq) (aq) (aq) )R R
)
SR
A A
A
ClO4-(aq) + 8 H+(aq) + 8e- ↔ Cl- (aq) + 4 H2O(l)
4(H2O2(aq) ↔ O2(g) + 2 H+(aq) + 2e- )

ClO4-(aq) + 8 H+(aq) + 4 H2O2(aq) → Cl- (aq) + 4 H2O(l) + 4 O2(g) + 8 H+(aq)

ClO4-(aq) + 4 H2O2(aq) → Cl- (aq) + 4 H2O(l) + 4 O2(g)


Practice: (p.600#4)

ClO4-(aq) + 4 H2O2(aq) → Cl- (aq) + 4 H2O(l) + 4 O2(g)


24.0 mL 10.00 mL
0.200 mol/L c=?
nClO − = cv = (0.024 L)(0.200mol / L) = 0.00480mol
4

nunknown nH 2O2
nH 2O2 = × nknown = × nClO −
nknown nClO − 4
4

4
nH 2O2 = × 0.00480mol = 0.0192mol
1
n 0.0192mol
cH 2O2 = = = 1.92mol / L
V 0.01000 L

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