It] DIA English Institute r as ee es ae — ieee ae oe cEN Dig ENGUSinI LANGUAGE COURSENGLISH LANGUAGE COURSE YY ELEMENTARY BOOKSIMPLE PRESENT HABITUAL ACTIONS A TYPICAL DAY IN CAROL'S LIFE Carol West is a young woman. She lives in Virginia, but she works in : p Washington D.C. She has a very nice apartment on Arlington Simla Boulevard. Her apartment is on the third floor. She also has a pet, a cat, whose name is Simon. Carol's job isn't very far from her apart- Simple Present + “Habitual actions Real facts ment. She works at the Capitol. She's Senator Wilson’s secretary. She | Auxiianes. 00. Negative Sentences wakes up at 6:00 am, every morning. ‘Then she gets up and takes @ BOE ir ciguetbe ys shower. After that, she drinks some coffee. Then she takes the subway Mathew eats hot dogs every day eS ee GOES. Wathen ec hot dogs vey day ‘She types letters and reports, answers the telephone, ete. At noon, she he doesn't eat healthy food has lunch in the cafeteria. She also likes to practice tennis every after= noon, She arrives home at 7 p.m. She has dinner and watches TV for a few hours. At 10:30 p.m. she goes to bed. She is very tired after a long day. EXERCISE ONE.- ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS. 1. Where does Carol live ? Does she have a pet ? Where is her apartment ? 2. 3 4. What does she like to practice every afternoon ? 5 Whose secretary is she ? anon. : 6. Where does she take the subway ? 7 8 9. 7. Does she live in Virginia or in Washington D.C. ? What does she drink for breakfast ? . Does she take a bath or a shower every day ? 30. Who does she Work f0F? nnn 11, What does she do at the office 2. 12, Where does she have hunch ? .. 13, What time does she get home? . 14. What does she do in the evening ? ExeterREAL FACTS Facts.- Vocabulary 1. Babies cry 10. The sun shines 2. Fish swim 11. Noise disturbs 3. Lions roar 12. Stars twinkle 4. Dogs bark 13. Knives cut 5. Cats meow 14. Television amuses 6. Birds chirp 15. Classical music relaxes 7. Water flows 16. Watches tell the time 8. Smog pollutes 17. Architects design houses 9. Perfume smells good 18. Vampires drink blood 19. Fire burns 20. Water wets THE VAMPIRE BAT Every night, this bat wakes up in its dar cave. The bat is hungry. It leaves the cave and looks for food. Most bats eat insects or fruit, but this bat doesn’t eat anything. It drinks, only one thing, blood. This is a vampire bat, It lives in south America. The vampire bat has very sharp teeth. It cuts small holes in the cow's legs, then it drinks the cow’s blood. ‘The cow doesn’t feel any- thing. Before morning, the bat flies back to its cave and sleeps. Doctor Taylor Mr. Taylor is a doctor. He works in a hospital in the morning and in his private office in the afternoon. Because he is a good doctor, he has a lot of patien consequently, he makes a lot of money and he owns a comfortable house and a nice car. His wife Ariana runs her own busin: and takes care of their two children very well. They are both very industrious and very good parents.SIMPLE PRESENT AND PRESENT PROGRESSIVE FACING AN EMERGENCY * Simple Present + Present progressive The habit The moment Times Expressions Times Expressions everyday ~inthe morning - at the moment every month in the afternoon ~ this moment every year atright =now on weekends = right now on Fridays Yesterday's voleanic eruption is altering people's lives today. For example, Dr. Jones is a surgeon. He performs difficult operations at the hospital, but he is not working today. He is staying home and. cleaning the house outside. He uses pincers and sealpels in the operating room, but now, he is using. a broom to sweep the ash off the roof. He wears a light green apron at work, but today, he is wear- ing overalls, rubber gloves and a mask. Ms. Jones sells computer products, but she is not selling anything today, and she is not visiting her customers either. She is helping her husband and collecting the ash in plastic bags. Nelly, their daughter, goes to college in the morning, attends her French class and meets her friends at noon, but she is not doing those things this morning. ‘The housemaid does all the housework on normal days, but she is absent today, so Nelly is in the kitchen. She is peeling potatoes, slicing toma- toes, squeezing oranges and scrubbing pots. ‘Tommy, their little son, plays in the yard with his dog every morning, but this morning, he is assem- bling his Lego bricks in the living room, and his dog is lying beside him on the carpet. It’s totally different day. EXERCISE ONE,- ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN COMPLETE IDEAS, (USE CONNECTORS). Does your father work on Mondays ? Yes, tt a 2.- Is Tommy performing his usual activities now ? 4 Are Mr. And Mrs. Jones working today ? 5 How often does ash fall in this city ? EXERCISE TWO.- COMPLETE 6.- My mom usually has lunch at work but today 7- My sister is doing her homework on the floor now, but she 8- Our teacher always checks our homework, but today, the director. ‘9 The secretary is talking on the phone now, but she usually 1seeee in the morning. EtetmeuctetccnaEXERCISE, FOR ELEMENTARY THREE CONJUGATE THE VERBS IN PARENTHESES USING EITHER THE SIMPLE PRESENT OR THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TENS! My father always chocolate for breakfast. (have) My sister . toher teacher's recommendations this moment. (listen) Mothers always ready to help their children. (be) All my problems... ‘me erazy now. (drive) ‘The sehool principal MOL wn WH sbout the pregnant teenagers, (know - do} I ‘attention to the class now (pay) I ‘my English class punctually every day. (attend) Sonia hot ‘to the Institute today. (come) Carla not her father when he (respect - drink) Andrea usually to the bank on Monday, but she . to the bank today. (go) My father usually before a shower. (shave - take) Politicians never. their promises after they elected. (fulfil-be) your brother you about his projects all the time? (tell) parents ever their children with no reason? (punish) Ecuador ‘0 the OPEC? (belong) i you father rene it You? (believe) ay you ‘lot of English this leve? (learn) your teacher vin elas now? (smoke) the students inthe other ea86 sree ‘a song now? (copy) YOUF MOthE sens ANBEY when YOU ROE vos home early? (get-come) Yyour mother sad when You... not her? (be-understand) your eamputer ‘maintenance periodically? (need) our country international tournaments al the time? (win) tc the DANK wnnnnnnsesrsnannen at 9200 a.m, every morning? (open) Teenagers Tebellious shen they not Tove at home. (be-receive) ‘your calculator the time? (tell) wit v~now? (rain) itusnally {in April? (rain) electricity sn ‘our lives? (simplify) Computes wrnnninnen BOL sre ‘workers. (replace) ~ Computers aniy people their work more easily. (Help ~ do) “now? (ring) your celiphone dogs “when they 1 strangers at home? (bark -se0) cats when they Thun’ (meow - be) donkeys when they scared? (bray be) horses "when they tired? (neigh - be) wars often inthe world? (occur) there a war - in the world now? (happen) My mother wot ‘when she at home, (rest-be) r wot people who too much al the time. (understand - drink) My father = to work right now. (rive) 42> My son never ‘iowa when he soccer all - play) 43> My daughter ‘ot always ‘Tin the aternoon, but she itmow.(vateh) 44> Mare. iis personal problems with his father when he iim. (diseuss-call) 45 Bnrique never. coffee at the ofc, but he ‘at of eof this time, (drink) 46> Liz. «her doctor only when she ck (sit feel) t oe again now, Buti ot usual in August (rain) My mother usualy only vegetables, but she he for lunch today. eat) Marlene : all the e-mails to her eustomer tonight (send) Mothers not about their health when they wor their children. (eare- work) Carla newer for love, but she for Albert now. (ry) Lay notusualy a the Karaoke, but she very well now (sng) Selena not about her eildren. (wort) when they at her mother's house. (ply) 54 “oo to musie “not ‘when you are in despair. (listen -help) 35> The cid in the baclyard now because he... happy. (run ~ feel) 30> Alice that book today but she never ‘hove kinds of books. (buy) 37- Tom. Tot snes 40 Nancy although he isin ive with her. (want- speak) 38 Silvia nat presents on her birthdays, (eceve- ike) but she ‘Marcelo’ this time (accept) ‘hot coffee inthe afternoon when it {love - have rain) Go Workers not their complete salary when they tistakes. (reese - make) 61- The news tol sure imaportant now. Tura the TV ef. (seem ~be) 62 My parents that ‘up naw. (Have - understand -grow) ‘our society nowadays, (destroy) 63 DelinquencyPAST OF THE VERB TO BE WERE YOU JEALOUS? COW AN aw Ul Youwere Adjective Hewas Nationality She was Profession tewas | + Nome Wewere oe You were we They were He was Michael Jackzon he was a singer he was tall he was American he was born in the US. Andy: Sue, where were you last nigh? Sue: Iwas at home, why? No, you weren't. I was there at 8:00 p.m, and I was furious. There was nobody home. Sue: All right, I was at the new bar at that time, but only for a while Andy: At the bar? Who were you with? Sue: Iwas with my sister Joan, and her husband. We booked a table for a guitar performance. ‘And as it was her birthday, we invited her. It was a great surprise, she was very excited about it. Andy: Iwas desperate. Thank God you were all right. There is a lot of delinquency nowadays; you never know what can happen. Sue: Oh Andy, come on! You always care for me too much. I think you were jealous, too Andy: No, I wasn't, but I was really upset. EXERCISE: ANSWER THE QUESTIONS: When were you at the 200 last time ? 3 Where were you last New Year ? 4- Where were you last vacations ? 5- Were you fat when you were a baby ? Was your family poor when you were a child ? 7. Were you in a hospital when you were 15 ? 8 When was your family at the cireus last time ? ‘Were you punctual to class today ? 10. Was your father beside your mother when you were born ? PretestPAST OF THERE BE THERE WAS - THERE WERE Vocabulary: An earthquake a graduation party awar a burglary Atremor a birth demonstration a bank robbery hurricane a wedding astike 2 mugging Thea wai as sist ia Atomado a funeral a suicide «murder a nerecolit nouns ‘Ahalstorm a baptism anemergency a kidnapping Lightning birthday party a fre a terrorist tack | -There were => Plural nouns Astorm a first communion a food a car-crash eg. There was an earthquake in Japan THE NEWS CAST: in March 2011 Good evening, I'm John E. Brian, and this is the news in the world: ‘There was another kidnapping in Colombia by the guer- ‘There Was tlotaf rein in the country rilla that wants political changes. There was an earthquake in India before sunrise this morning. There were about 3,000 deaths and around 10,000 wounded. All hospitals were full, and there weren't enough doctors and nurses. ‘The American Embassy reported another attack in Iraq. There were 15 soldiers dead. ‘There was a demonstration in La Habana, Cuba, demanding for more freedom. ‘And there was the royal wedding of Prince Philiph of Spain. ‘There was a new record of the international oil price. And now the national panorama: ‘There was a flood in the Manabi Province after 15 hours of constant rain. There were 3 car accidents in the Pichincha roads during the last holiday. ‘There was a new strike in public hospitals. Health workers demand a salary raise. And finally, there were the elections for local authorities in Ecuadorian provinces. ‘There were many casual EXERCISE: ANSWER THE QUESTIONS: 1.- Was there a fire in Quito last weekend ? ‘Was there a car-crash in your neighborhood last week ? Were there any bank robberies in Quito last month ? How many demonstrations were there in Quito last year ? How much bread was there for breakfast this morning ? How many students were there in class yesterday ? ‘Was there a baptism in your family last month ? ‘Was there a wedding in your family last year ? g.- Were there any hurricanes in the Caribbean this year ? Was there any electricity in Quito in the year 1900 ?MEMORIES OF OUR TRIP These are Monica and Ricardo on their last vacations. They went to Costa Rica in Central America last month. Now, they are showing their photos to Marco, their friend. Monica: Look at this picture from our last trip to Costa Rica. Marco: This is great! How many days were you there ? Monica: — We were there for 6 days. Marco: —_ What was the hotel like ? s it very expensive ? Monica: Yes. But it was cool. Mare Tcan imagine. Ricardo: The seafood was delicious We ate a lot. Marco: What about the weather. What was it like ? Monica: _ It was very hot. Marco: But, was there a swimming pool ? Ricardo: Yeah, a terrific one. EXERCISE. WRITE QUESTIONS AND ANSWER THEM USING “BE LIKE” AND THE WORDS BELOW. 1.= weather/warm 2 food/delicious 3~ hotel/expensive .. 4~ people/friendly .. 5 service/good 6.- beach/fantastic .. 7- ocean/calm RT eeeUNIT V Simple Past = ___ LAST VACATION {An action in the past ‘eg: | broke my log 20 years ago that finished in the past. and happened only once. Auxiliary: DID Negative sentences ‘Questions Short answers eg.: came to Cendia yesterday | didn’t come to Cendia last Sunday Did you come to Cendia last Sunday? No, I didn't ‘The Harrisons decided to go on vacation. They visited a travel agency to get information about tours, and they received a brochure. Then, they decided to go to Cancun. They took a plane and arrived in Cancun on August 12 at night, They took a taxi to the hotel. They checked in and had dinner at the hotel restaurant. The next morning they walked to the beach where they enjoyed the beautiful sea and the sunshine on the white sand. ‘Their kid was very happy because he built sand castles and played with his dog while his parents ordered some cocktails and seafood from the beach hut. ‘They returned to the hotel late in the afternoon, tired but pleased about such a beautiful day. | The next day, a tourist guide took them downtown to see some places where they bought souvenirs for their friends and relatives. They had dinner in a fancy restaurant at a beautiful resort at night, after that, they had to go to their hotel to rest because the kid was sleepy. ‘A van picked them up to the airport to take the plane back home on Monday, the 15, early in the morning. It was a short but beautiful and exciting vacation. EXERCISE: 1.- Where did they travel and when ? ~ What did the boy do at the beach ? 1 Whiat did his parents onfer® Pee in cio pe think they decdeita cuts cadena 6. Where did they have dinner on Sunday? - Did they dance there ? 8. Where did they buy some souvenirs ? 9.- How did they travel there ? 10.- When did they return from Cancun ? ‘What was their vacation like ? aL 12.- Would you like to visit Caneun and why ? ) ExeterSOME IRREGULAR VERBS AN ADVENTURE IN PARADISE Patrick and I came to Ecuador from New York to visit the famous Galapagos Islands on a guided tour. When ‘we got there, the first thing we did was to take a boat ride to Isabela, and around the Islands, we saw a lot of unique species such as: penguins, blue footed boobies, sea lions and giant tortoises. At night, we had dinner ‘on the *Santa Cruz” ship. The captain gave us a welcome party on board. ‘There was another party when we crossed The Equator. ‘The next day, the guide took us to the Darwin Station in Puerto Ayora where we saw “Old George’, the oldest male tortoise on the islands, We took a lot of pictures of the wonderful white sharks, seals and dolphins that swam in the sky-blue water of the Pacific Ocean. After four days, our tour was over, so we took a plane to Guayaquil and then another to New York. EXERCISE: What did you do on your last holiday ? 2. Did you have a lot of fun ? g- Where did you stay ? 4 Who did you go with ? ~ Describe the places where you went WRITE COMPLETE SENTENCES WITH THE PAST TENSE OF THE FOLLOWING IRREGULAR VERBS. Buy : peat s ° : eae Drive GetCENDIA C. A. CENTRO EDUCACIONAL DE IDIOMAS Y ESPECIALIDADES ADMINISTRATIVAS C. A. MOST COMMON REGULAR VERBS RULES TO CHANGE REGULAR VERBS INTO SIMPLE PAST AND PAST PARTICIPLE FORMS 1. VERBS + “ED " CALL UP CHEW LEAN RASH oust DREAM AVOID EARN BORROW ENBARRASS BOTHER EUAN Box FALL BURN FINISH ca Fix 2. VERBS +“D" ADMIRE cHance ADVISE CHASE AGREE CONUGATE APPROVE CREATE ARGUE Dance axe DATE BELIEVE DECIDE 3. VERBS ENDING IN CONSONANT + “Y AMPLIFY carry APELY CLASSIFY BURY cory FOLLOW FOUND FRIGHTEN HELP HUNT INTEND INVEST IRON ren knock iat LEARN oescRise DIE DISAGREE EDUCATE ERASE GRADUATE HATE cry DIGNFY ORY user USTENTO Lock LOOK aT. LOOK FOR ait MeLt mx NEC OFFEND OPEN ‘OWN HR inTRODUCE muire ue Uke uve tove |“ ¥" CHANGES INTO ELECTRIFY INDEMNIFY MARRY PAINT Pass POINT. PRETEND PROGRESS PULL Pus RAN REFUND REMEMBER RENT. MEMORIZE MOTIVATE: Move (OPPOSE: ORGANIZE Owe. PRACTICE Mooiry RURIEY REPLY 4, VERBS ENDING IN VOWEL +“ Y"; ONLY ADD “ED” convey DESTROY oisPLay eMsoy Bey REPAIR REQUEST RESIGN REST RESULT RETURN REWARD RISK ROAST SCRATCH SEARCH sew PRAISE PREPARE PROMISE PROMOTE PRONOUNCE PROVE PROVIDE Seen ‘siMeLy SPY STUDY pur sHouT SHOW SMELL START SUCCEED SUGGEST ‘SURPRISE, ‘SURROUND SWEAT TALK ‘Toast ‘TOUCH RECEIVE SAVE SERVE SHARE SKATE SMILE SMOKE suPPLY TRY WORRY stay Rust TURN waiT FOR waLK WANT WARN WASH waToH WEIGH wis Yew STARE TASTE TRANSLATE Use Waste 5. VERBS ENDING IN ONE CONSONANT + ONE VOWEL, AND WITH STRESS IN LAST SYLLABLE DOUBLE THE CONSONANT AND ADD "ED ” a0MIT ‘CONTROL cue DROP Compe. Mop Nag ‘occur omit PERMIT PLAN PREFER REGRET se SP sup sup STOP, STRIP TRANSMIT WRAP 2P.Past Progressive CEN Ul "© INTERRUPTION An action in the past interrupts a longer action ‘eg: was sleeping when__ you called me lastnight * Parallel Actions two actions atthe same time ‘e.g: My wife was sleeping while__ Iwas cooking * Repetition => habitual action “always", ‘constantly’ She was always insulting people he was constantly complaining about every thing ALOVE STORY Write in the blanks with appropriate form of the verb in parentheses This beautiful story (happen) many years ago, when there (be) not good schools in SUNEV. It (be) a beautiful town somewhere, where its people (be) industrious, friendly, polite, generous, reliable, and honest. Cristina and Sebastian, the two main characters in this story, lived in that town. Onee, Cristina (be) walking around the forest thinking about nothing special, when she (see) a handsome boy who _ (smile) at her; at the same time, he (wave) so, she (blush) shyly. When he (get) closer,he (start) a short but interesting conver- sation with her, and this was the beginning of a very close friendship. After some time, Sebastian and Cristina (realize) they (love) each other. So they (decide) to get married. When she (talk) to her parents about their decision, they (disagree) with her proposition because he (be) poor. But as their love (be) strong they (fight) against her parent's opposition so their dream came true. ‘Two years later they (have) their first baby. It (be) a beautiful girl, who (become) a very famous writer, so Hollywood (film) all her sto- ries. Her name (be) Corina Tallado.o Answer the following questions * What were the principal characters’ names? * Where were they from? * Where do you think Sunev could be? * How did they meet? * How old do you think they were when they met? * What did they have to face to make their dream come true? * Why did Corina Tallado become famous? * How long were her parents married when Corina was born? “What did her parents say when Cristina told them about their decision? * What did they do for their love? * Would you like to live a romance similar to this one? Why? Pree Complete the blank spaces with when and while, i= Tsaw the accident jw Lwas coming to Cendia. I really hated it . m1 woke me up this morning. I was reading, Sue was playing a new video game. 4- My mom called me Iwas taking a shower, A person that speaks he is eating, doesn’t have manners.UNIT VIE Could - Used to GRAMMAR TIP Used to => habitual action in past e.g. Larry used to tell us jokes and we used to laugh all night long when we were kids. Could The past of CAN | could sleep 10 hours a day when | was 12 new | cant, ALONG TIME AGO, IN A GALAXI FAR, FAR AWAY ... STAR WARS TRILOGY Write in the blanks with the appropriate form of the verb in parentheses. Producer Director George Lucas (create) the Star Wars Trilogy in 1977, and __(change) the way movies goers. (used to) see movies. The 20th anniversary of Star Wars (be) in 1997 and Producer Lucas (redid) his classic movi Star Wars, The Empire strikes back and the Return of the Jedi, are the stories that George Lucas (imagine) and (write). To redo these films he (use) digital technology so he ___have) to work on the original tape and his own imagination, Taking advantage of computers, Lucas. (add) new scenes, more peo- ple and a new digital sound. The viewers (can) see a city floating in the clouds, a monster walking with no legs, cars running in the air with no wheels and some other extraordinary things. Even thought, he (Neg. have) a lot of money, he (can)_ (succeed) because he _ (believe) that he (can) do everything if he really (want) to.Write a composition about what people couldn't do without computers in the past. Write a composition about the last movie you saw or the last book you read— UNIT VII Adverbs of manner Cea ‘An adverb is = Adjective + ly eg: perfectly , rapidly Some exceptions: hard - hard fast-fast late late early - early ‘An adverb of manner has two functions Qualify the verb $+ Vob + AdM. Beckham plays soccer excellently Modity the Adjective S+VTOBE+ ADV+ Ad} ‘This house is wonderfully designed Modify another adverb He runs extremely fast. A SOCCER GAME ‘Mary and Sam are discussing the soccer game between The Minnesota Tigers and ‘The Houston Eagles. Mary. is one of the Minnesota Tigers’ fans and Sam is the Houston Eagles’ fans and both teams are playing this moment. 1 think my team always plays wel, but they're playing badly today Yes, they are playing very slowly today. They have to kick the ball quickly if they want to score. ‘The Minnesota Tigers play very hard and smartly. Their coach plans his strategies carefully ‘The Houston Eagles’ coach has to tell his players to play fast. Ob, no! The Tigers are scoring again; they're playing perfectly well; that's why they're going to be the winners today, and we, all the fans, are celebrating their success today. ‘They have to work hard to be the winners of the Championship because there are very good teams, EXERCISE: 1. How do the Eagles usually play ? How does the Tigers’ coach plan the games ? Reet ean 3. Which team is going tobe the winner and why ? 4. What does the coach have to tell the players ? Perfectly going to be the champion? ei well 5. Which team is prot constantly 6. What do The Minnesota Tigers have to do to win the championship ? rapidly ‘ * smartly 7. What are Minnesota’ Tigers" fans ze p do after the game ? gladly 8. Who is The Houston Eagles’ fan ? responsibly ‘What did Sam say at the end of the game ? WRITE A COMPOSITION ABOUT YOUR FAVORITE SOCCER TEAM AND HOW THEY PLAY. rm 7Adverbs of manner: 3 1 Complete the idea with the corresponding Adverb of manner. 1, These soccer players are good, and they always play soccet “ ae in 2. This concert is bad. Musicians are prepared and they are playing very . The rain is heavy today. Sometimes, it rains... 3 4. Ann’s clothes are beautiful. She always dresses ... . Ecuador is a peaceful country, then we live here ..... 5: 6. Tania is very nervous when she takes exams, and she speaks .. 7 ‘Teachers are always polite, so they treat their students ree Ask logical questions and answer them with Adverbs of manner (use the corresponding Adverbs). 1. Marlene is a professional swimmer. HOW scxesseaonnsdtiemtent ast She swims ... 2. Lorena is honest. How . : She ..... . ear 3. Patrick is a careful driver. HOW esses He 4. Carmen is a fast typist. How... She 5. Alice is an efficient secretary. How ... She Complete the idea with a logical Adverb of manner. There are too many accidents in Quito because people drive . Everybody eats my mom's food because she cooks ... ep Marlon makes a lot of money because he WOFKS ...nesees . Tan't understand your handwriting because you write . I can't follow you because you walk very My teacher is not American but he speaks There are no mistakes in this document because Sandra types OaAMERICA’S DISCOVERY Christopher Columbus started his journey from The Port of Palos in Spain in 1492, in hope of discovering a new route to India, It was difficult for him to get a crew because not many people wanted to travel with him; there was a very big risk. He believed the earth was round. For this reason, people assumed he was crazy. He convinced Queen Isabella of Spain, inteligently and politely, to help him finance this important journey. His crew built the three vessels slowly. As soon as they finished, they gathered all the equip- ment quickly and left the Port. Columbus treated his crew rudely because they were erimi- nals, so they behaved violently. After some time, they had neither food nor water and no land was in sight. So they wanted to kill him desperately, when Rodrigo de Triana shouted unexpectedly and happily, “Land ahoy’. They landed on a strange island. The natives there looked at them fearfully. The strangers brougth animals and weapons and they spoke a strange language they never heard or spoke before. Columbus and his crew thanked God for arriving at that place safely. That is why they named this island San Salvador. Exercise I Change the following sentences to use adverbs of manner. Columbus was not a successful navigator His crew was very rough Queen Isabella was kind to Columbus. People thought Columbus was a foolish man, Rodrigo de Triana was happy when he saw land. persAnswer the following questions using adverbs of manner > How did the Spaniards treat our natives? > How did natives look at the strangers? > How did Columbus ask Queen Isabella to help him? > How did the crew react when Rodrigo de Triana shouted “Land ahoy”? > How did the crew behave during the journey? RC 1. Columbus was sure that the Earth was round, (total) 2. Isabella of Spain was impressed by Columbus's ideas (positive) 3. Natives were _ surprised to see the strangers. (absolutely) 4. They believed that the new comers were gods. (reall) 5. The sailors were desperate when they wanted to kill Columbus (Complete) Comment about the advantages and disadvantages of the discovery of AmericaAdverbs of frequency At the doctor's office Ann: — Good morning, doctor. I'm here again. Doctor: It's nice to see you Ann, Have a seat. ‘Tell me, what's bothering you this time. It's my stomach doctor. It hurts a lot. How often do you feel this pain ? It’s always in the morning, right after breakfast. Doctor: What do you usually have for breakfast ? Ann: To be honest, I usually drink only a cup of coffee and that's it. You see, I'm always ina hurry in the morning. Doctor: Do you ever eat anything at work? Ann: — hardly ever do it. In fact, Inever feel like | > AFTER THE eating in the morning. I often drink coffee oo serial: ‘AUXILIARY at work. * occasionally + saldom BEFORE Doctor: Do you ever feel a burning sensation in + hardly ever vee your stomach ? * ever /never Ann: — Yes! do. All the time. Car always comes on time before the verb Doctor: Coffee is very strong, especially if the stomach is empty. In these cases, it often causes ulceras. ‘The stomach always needs to have some food to digest, and not to be empty. Carl doesn't always eat hore ‘after the auy ry Carl is usually happy after verb TO BE EXERCISE 1.- ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS. 1. How often does Ann visit the doctor ? 2. Does she ever have fruit for breakfast ? 3. Does she always feel the pain in the morning ? 4. Does she often eat at work ? 5. Is it good to drink only black coffee for breakfast ? Eteteieemescames 71BAD HABITS Be late Spit on the floor cry Cough without covering your mouth Smoke Tell lies Slam the door Sneeze without covering your nose ‘Chew bubble gum Shoplift ‘Yawn without covering your mouth Put your elbows on Pick your nose Snore Waste your money the table Pick your ears Stare (especially at Stand your friends up Eat in front of the TV. Say dirty words women). Clean your hands on the wall Drink too much Curse Eat with your hands Belch Sleep too much Complain Sip the soup Get drunk Stay up late Be messy Sit on the desks Do you ever Sonia: Does your father ever eat in front of the TV, Albert ? Albert: Yes, but hardly ever. He often reads the newspaper while he has breakfast. Sonia: There are things that people usually do at mealtime that are not so bad, but other things are disgusting. Do you ever pick your nose at the table ? Albert: How gross. No, I never do that. Sonia: Do you ever cough or sneeze without covering your mouth ? Albert: Well, I suppose I occasionally do those things, but that’s unintentional. Do you ever curse, Sonia? Sonia: No, never. In fact, I hate people who say dirty words all the time, especially girls Albert: Yeah, and of eourse you never tell lies, and you never smoke, and you never... Sonia: And you never stare at girls passing by. EXERCISE.- COMPLETE THE QUESTIONS AND ANSWER THEM WITH ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY A. snesneun Your father ever stay out with his friends at night ? Yes, he does, but en q Ha 2. osnssinaour teacher ever sit on the table ? No, he... 3. _-you ever eat with your hands ? Yes,1 you ever get drunk ? Yes, Ido, but, not is teenagers ever commit suicide ? Yes, they 6. _-your father ever work at night ? Yes, he does, but Sree 7 .-you ever visit prison ? 'NO, Fon because .. 8 smothers ever neglet ther children? Yes, they... sen DRCAUSE é 9. xyou often sip the soup ? No, children ever hurt their siblings ? Yes, REY er especially WheM crnVOCABULARY: Get to class late Do your homework Close your books Clap. Attend class punetually Answer questions Ask for permission Make silence Be absent from class Turn your homework in Stand up Read out loud Pay attention Bring your book to class Sit down Be respectful Listen to Prepare for exams Go to the board Be orderly Write down (copy) Erase the board Laugh in class Be tidy Do exercises Open your books Cheer Be polite Eat eandy Litter the elassroom Wear a cap in class Tell jokes Suck lollipops Draw graffiti on walls, Make noise Take exams (teacher Cheat on exams Put your feet on the chair Sit on the table gives exams). Raise your hand TUDENT y BEHAVI Do you like the new student, Camila ? No, [ don't. He is very nasty. He doesn't stand up when the professor comes in. He doesn't pay attention to the class, and he never answers any questions wel. Andy: [can't stand him either. He sucks lollipops at break time and wears that ugly eap in class. He hates Pamela because she tells him to be respectful and to make silence. Camila: Pamela, on the contrary, is such a sweet girl. Andy: Yes, she’s very punctual and responsible. She always tums her homework papers in on time, and they are very clean and tidy, that's why all the teachers like her. Camila: Pamela always raises her hand to speak and asks good questions; she never puts her feet on the chairs she is hardly ever in a bad mood; she usually prepares her lessons, and she never cheats on exams, COMPLETE WITH ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY AND SAY WHY. aii lal sgt late to class because 2- My bedroom is messy because Be My teacher is sannnnmnnnnnesennlate to Class because .. ey Ue awrite down all the new vocabulary because. Se The student next to me.......n:...chews bubble gum in class because prepare for the exams because 6- 1 Ge) Lose ...don't bring my books to class because 8. Responsible students... soCheat on exAMS BECAUSE ssnnemee a My father is... ..absent from work because... 10- We .sosendisten to our teacher with attention because ... 11- My teacher gives us flash tests because... 12 We sen Jitter the classroom because 13- My teacher, tells jokes in class because. 14> My teacher sits on the table because. 182 TesssmnennnetVear a Cup in the classroom becausAgnes is a young dentist. She is doing social work in a small coastal town in Eeuador. She is now checking up a girl at the local school. Agnes: Now, girl. Open your mouth and show me those teeth. Oh, I don't like what I see. How often do you brush your teeth ? Girl: [always brush them before school. Agnes: No. Brush them 3 times a day, right after you eat. Do you hear me ? Girl: But I only eat 2 times per day. Agnes: Well, brush them every time you eat, anyway. How often does your mother take you to the dentist ? Girl: My momis away. Ilive with my grandma, and we never go to the dentist. Agnes: I suppose so. How often do you see the doctor ? Girl: Never. I am here because my grandma is selling at the school bar. Agnes: I can see that, and how many times a week are you absent from school and help your grandma ? Girl: Lam never absent. I usually help her during the day, but I always go to school at night. Agnes: You're incredible. Come and see me more often, right ? EXERCISE ONE.- ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS COMPLETELY. 1. How often does the girl go to school ? What does the dentist usually do in that school ? Does the girl ever see the doctor ? 4 Isthe girl ever absent from school ? How many times a day does she brush her teeth and why ? How often do you get a medical check up ? How often does your father talk to you?