A Basheer.
A Basheer.
A Basheer.
REG/NO :2020/ND/CET/001
TITLE: ASSIGNMENT
DATE; 21 DECEMBER,2O22
ST
TWISTED PAIR CABLE
Twisted pair cabling is a type of wiring used for communications in which two conductors of a single
circuit are twisted together for the purposes of improving electromagnetic compatibility. Twisted pair is
the ordinary copper wire that connects home and business computers to the telephone company. To
reduce crosstalk or electromagnetic induction between pairs of wires, two insulated copper wires are
twisted around each other. Each connection on twisted pair requires both wires.
Twisted Pair cables are used in telephone lines to provide data and voice channels.
Local Area Networks (LAN) also make use of twisted pair cables.
The nature of twisted pairs can make them difficult to test. If the wires are too short or the quality of the
twisted pairs is poor, you will need to compensate for the limitations. The following are tips to try when
testing twisted pairs.
INSTRUMENT
MicroMapper
COAXIAL CABLE
Coaxial cable is a type of copper cable specially built with a metal shield and other components
engineered to block signal interference. It is primarily used by cable TV companies to connect their
satellite antenna facilities to customer homes and businesses.
Coaxial cable, or coax is a type of electrical cable consisting of an inner conductor surrounded by a
concentric conducting shield, with the two separated by a dielectric; many coaxial cables also have a
protective outer sheath or jacket.
Its applications include feedlines connecting radio transmitters and receivers to their antennas,
computer network (e.g., Ethernet) connections, digital audio (S/PDIF), and distribution of cable
television signals.
METHOD OF TESTING COAXIAL CABLE
measure how much resistance the circuit has with an ohmmeter. Connect the ohmmeter to the cable. If
it's working, there should be a low-to-moderate resistance reading of 75-100ohms. If the reading is
outside of this range, it may be time to replace your cables.
INSTRUMENT
Ohmmeter
RS-232 STANDARD COMMUNICATION CABLE
RS-232 is a standard communication protocol for connecting computers and their peripheral devices to
enable serial data exchange. In simple terms, RS232 represents the voltage for the path used for data
exchange between the devices.
A serial port complying with the RS-232 standard was once a standard feature of many types of
computers. Personal computers used them for connections not only to modems, but also to printers,
computer mice, data storage, uninterruptible power supplies, and other peripheral devices.
METHOD OF TESTING RS-232 STANDARD COMMUNICATION CABLE
It is possible to carry out a simple test on the GND, TX and RX of a connected RS232 link with
both the controller and the controlled device connected.
Using a loopback is a great way of testing installed RS232 wiring. Put simply by connecting the
RX and TX pins at the remote end we can test the continuity and correct pin wiring of the cabling
throughout its length of installation.
When no manufacturer tool exists using a simple command terminal is the only way of proving
correct wiring from AV controller to 3rd party device
INSTRUMENT
multimeter
FIBER OPTICAL CABLE
A fiber-optic cable contains anywhere from a few to hundreds of optical fibers within a plastic casing.
Also known as optic cables or optical fiber cables, they transfer data signals in the form of light and
travel hundreds of miles significantly faster than those used in traditional electrical cables. A fiber-optic
cable, also known as an optical-fiber cable, is an assembly similar to an electrical cable, but containing
one or more optical fibers that are used to carry light.
Medical. Used as light guides, imaging tools and also as lasers for surgeries.
Defense/Government. ...
Telecommunications. ...
Networking. ...
Industrial/Commercial. ...
Broadcast/CATV.
METHOD OF TESTING FIBER OPTICAL CABLE
Fiber optic cable is tested to ensure continuity and attenuation. Basically, there are three methods
commonly performed for optical fiber testing: visible light source, power meter and light source (one
jumper method), and optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) .
INSTRUMENT
FO power meter, test source, OTDR, optical spectrum analyzer and an inspection microscope .
u.p.s
power pack
Board
Monitor:. Fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) focus on abnormal situations instead of univariate alarms,
essential to maintain favorable operating conditions and predict. Also Inspect For Physical Damage. If
problems persist, check the screen, wires, and inputs for any signs of physical damage.
Fault diagnosis is determining which fault occurred, in other words, determining the root(s) of the out of
control status.
u.p.s.: Failures of lead-acid batteries are a major cause of UPS failure. UPS batteries should always be
monitored even if they are relatively new.
Also Fault analysis: Judged by the phenomenon, the accumulator or the charging circuit is in fault. Check
whether the output circuit output and input is normal
Power : pack Fault analysis aims to determine the causes that can lead to certain failures. Read on to
find out why it is necessary to perform in a power pack:
2. Attach a note to the unit to advise you are working on the circuit.
3.Check the circuit is dead with a socket tester or voltage tester/meter for lighting circuits.
(4). Board
Firstly Collect the Evidence. All the evidence collected must be relevant to the problem at hand.
1.Turn off any power to the circuit before examining the board.
4.Turn the digital multimeter on and set it to its diode test function.