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Mod 1 (Hand Written Notes) PDF

The document discusses methods for solving Cauchy-Euler and Cauchy-Legendre differential equations. It explains that Cauchy-Euler equations have variable coefficients of the same order as the variable, while Cauchy-Legendre equations have coefficients of the form (ax+b). It shows how to transform both types of equations using a change of variable (x=e^z or x=(ax+b)) in order to obtain an equivalent differential equation with constant coefficients that is solved in terms of the new independent variable z.

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dhanraj singh
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161 views39 pages

Mod 1 (Hand Written Notes) PDF

The document discusses methods for solving Cauchy-Euler and Cauchy-Legendre differential equations. It explains that Cauchy-Euler equations have variable coefficients of the same order as the variable, while Cauchy-Legendre equations have coefficients of the form (ax+b). It shows how to transform both types of equations using a change of variable (x=e^z or x=(ax+b)) in order to obtain an equivalent differential equation with constant coefficients that is solved in terms of the new independent variable z.

Uploaded by

dhanraj singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Some more complicated trail assumptions

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2x

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Cauchy-Euler’s Differential equations
(with same order variable coefficients)
d2y dy
a1 x2
2
 a2 x  a3 y  Q ( x) (1)
dx dx
where a1 , a2 , a3 are any constants.
Eq. (1) can be written as a x D
1
2 2
 a2 x D  a3  y  Q ( x ) (2)

Let xe z
z  log x . Then x 2 D 2  D1 ( D1  1), xD  D1
d d
Where D  and D1 
dx dz
Then, Eq. (2) becomes D.E. in D1
 a1 D12  (a2  a1 ) D1  a3  y  Q ( z ) (3)
The solution of Eq. (3) will be in z, so in the last change z=logx.
• Note: For third order D.E., we take
x3 D 3  D1 ( D1  1)( D1  2),
x 2 D 2  D1 ( D1  1),
xD  D1
d d
Where D  and D1 
dx dz
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Cauchy-Legendre Differential equations
(With variable coefficients of (ax+b) type)
d2y dy
a1 (ax  b) 2
2
 a2 ( ax  b )  a3 y  Q( x) (1)
dx dx
where a1 , a2 , a3 are any constants.
Eq. (1) can be written as  a1 (ax  b) 2 D 2  a2 (ax  b) D  a3  y  Q( x) (2)

Then (ax  b) D  a D1 ( D1  1),


2 2 2
Let (ax  b)  e z  z  log(ax  b) .
(ax  b) D  aD1
d d
Where D  and D1 
dx dz
Then, Eq. (2) becomes D.E. in D1
 a1 a 2 D12  a (a2  aa1 ) D1  a3  y  Q ( z ) (3)
The solution of Eq. (3) will be in z, so in the last change z=log(ax+b).
• Note: For third order D.E., we take
(ax  b)3 D 3  a 3 D1 ( D1  1)( D1  2),
(ax  b) 2 D 2  a 2 D1 ( D1  1),
(ax  b) D  aD1
d d
Where D  and D1 
dx dz
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