Question Mark Perception (QMP) Test

UNIVERSITY OF WARWICK
School of Engineering

Solutions for ES3E5/ ES4B5 Finite Element Methods

(Q1) (b) Boundary conditions
(Q2) (d) Elasticity modulus
(Q3) (c) 7.9 x 10-9
(Q4) (d) 910
(Q5) (b) Gasket element
(Q6) (b) 6
(Q7) (d) 6
(Q8) (a) 1:1
(Q9) (c) Material, geometry, contact
(Q10) (a) Linear
(Q11) (b) z, zx, zy
(Q12) (d) z, zx, zy
(Q13) (c) Very simple geometry
(Q14) (c) One equation for each element
(Q15) (b) 15 degrees

(Q16) (b) -0.956

From Newton’s method:

f ( xn )
f(x) = x29 + x7 +1 xn +1 = xn −
f’(x) = 29x28 + 7x6 f ' ( xn )

n = 1, x0 = -1,
f(x0) = (-1)29 + (-1)7 + 1 = -1
f’(x0) = 29(-1)28 + 7(-1)6 = 36
f ( x0 ) −1
x1 = x0 − '
= −1 − = −0.97222
f ( x0 ) 30

n = 2, x1 = -0.97222,
f(x1) = (-0.97222)29 + (-0.97222)7 + 1 = -0.2628
f’(x1) = 29(-0.97222)28 + 7(-0.97222)6 = 19.089
f ( x1 ) − 0.2628
x 2 = x1 − '
= −0.97222 − = −0.95845
f ( x1 ) 19.089

n = 3, x2 = -0.95845

f(x2) = (-0.95845)29 + (-0.95845)7 + 1 = -0.03515

f’(x2) = 29(-0.95845)28 + 7(-0.95845)6 = 14.26563
f ( x2 ) − 0.03515
x3 = x 2 − '
= −0.95845 − = −0.956
f ( x2 ) 14.26563
(Q17) (d) 13.49 MPa

The stress terms in {} are {x y xy}T.

The elastic matrix is

 2 .0 0 0 0 0 0
 1 0.29 0   1 0.29 0   − 1.0 0 1.0 0 0 0 
0.29 1  9 
0  .
E
[D]= 0  = 7.912  10 0.29 1
(
1 − 2 ) 
 0 0 0.29  0 0 0.29
A−1
− 0.5
=
0 − 0.5 0 1.0 0 

 0 2 .0 0 0 0 0
 0 − 1 .0 0 1.0 0 0
σ = Df (x, y ) A δ 
−1  
' e
is  0 − 0.5 0 − 0.5 0. 1.0

 x   1 0.29 0  0 1 0 0 0 0 
  9
 y  = 7.912  10 0.29 1 0  0 0 0 0 0 1
   0 0 0.29 0 0 1 0 1 0
 xy 

 2 .0 0 0 0 0 0  1.5 
 − 1 .0 0 1 .0 0 0 0  0. 5 
  
− 0.5 0 − 0 .5 0 1.0 0  −3  3.5  . Units are N and m.
 10  
 0 2 .0 0 0 0 0 − 1.25
 0 − 1 .0 0 1 .0 0 0  0.25 
   
 0 − 0 .5 0 − 0.5 0. 1.0  0.75 

Following matrix multiplication A−1δe 

 3 .0 
 2.0 
 x   1 0.29 0  0 1 0 0 0 0   
  −3 

 − 
0  0 0 0 0 0 1 
2 . 25
 y  = 7.912  10  10 0.29
9
1 
   1 .0 
 xy   0 0 0.29 0 0 1 0 1 0
 − 1.75 
 
 1.125 

 x   1 0.29 0  2.0 
  −3   

 y = 7.912  10 9
 10  0.29 1 0  1.125
   0 0.29  
 xy  0 − 4.0 

Then

 y = 7.912  10 6  (0.29  2 + 1  1.125) = 13.49  10 6 N/m2 = 13.49 MPa

(Q18) (c) 0.946
From Newton’s method:
f ( xn )
f(x) = x17 + x9 - 1 xn +1 = xn −
f’(x) = 17x16 + 9x8 f ' ( xn )

n = 1, x0 = 1,
f(x0) = (1)17 + (1)9 - 1 = 1
f’(x0) = 17(1)16 + 9(1)8 = 26
f ( x0 ) 1
x1 = x0 − '
= 1− = −0.96153
f ( x0 ) 26

n = 2, x1 = 0.96153,
f(x1) = (0.96153)17 + (0.96153)9 - 1 = 0.21596
f’(x1) = 17(0.96153)16 + 9(0.96153)8 = 15.65265
f ( x1 ) 0.21596
.
x 2 = x1 − = 0.96153 − = 0.94774
f ' ( x1 ) 15.65265

n = 3, x2 = 0.94774

f(x2) = (0.94774)17 + (0.94774)9 - 1 = 0.01843

f’(x2) = 17(0.94774)16 + 9(0.94774)8 = 13.06072
f ( x2 ) 0.01843
x3 = x 2 − '
= −0.94774 − = 0.946
f ( x2 ) 13.06072
(Q19) (d) 4.495 MPa
The stress terms in {} are {x y xy}T.

σ = D f ' ( x, y ) A−1δe  is

𝜎𝑥 1 0.3 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
𝜎 9
{ 𝑦 } = 3.846 × 10 [0.29 1 0 ] [0 0 0 0 0 1]
𝜏𝑥𝑦 0 0 0.29 0 0 1 0 1 0

 1 0 0 0 0 0  1 .5 
 − 0 .5 0 0 .5 0 0 0  0. 5 
  
− 0.25 0 − 0.25 0 0.5 0  − 3  3.5 
 10  . Units are N and m.
 0 1 0 0 0 0  − 1.25
 0 − 0. 5 0 0 .5 0 0  0.25 
   
 0 − 0.25 0 − 0.25 0. 0.5  0.75 

Following matrix multiplication A δ e

−1
 
1.5
𝜎𝑥 1
1 0.3 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
𝜎 −1.125
{ 𝑦 } = 3.846 × 109 × 10−3 [0.29 1 0 ] [0 0 0 0 0 1]
𝜏𝑥𝑦 0.5
0 0 0.29 0 0 1 0 1 0
−0.875
{ 0.5625 }

To calculate x only the first row needs to be expanded

x = 3.846 x 106 x (1 x 1 + 0.3 x 0.5625) = 4.495 x 106 N/m2 = 4.495 MPa