Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION I
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CANDON CITY
Candon City, Ilocos Sur

GENERAL PHYSICS 2
Quarter 3 – Week 7 – Module 7
Prepared by: Michelle Leslie E. Cabasan
Lesson
Sources of Magnetic Field
1
I. OBJECTIVES:
1. Evaluate the magnetic field vector at a given point in space due to a
moving point charge, an infinitesimal current element, or a straight
current-carrying conductor;

2. Calculate the magnetic field due to one or more straight wire

conductors using the superposition principle;

3. Calculate the force per unit length on a current-carrying wire due to

the magnetic field produced by other current-carrying wires;

4. Evaluate the magnetic field vector at any point along the axis of a
circular current loop; and

5. Solve problems involving magnetic fields, forces due to magnetic fields, and
the motion of charges and current-carrying wires in contexts such as, but not
limited to, determining the strength of Earth’s magnetic field, mass spectrometers,
and solenoids.

II. GUIDE QUESTIONS:

1. What are the sources of magnetic fields?
2. What is a solenoid?

III. DISCUSSION:
Magnetic Field of a Straight Conductor
Figure 1 shows the shape of a magnetic field around a long and straight wire
current-carrying conductor. The field is composed of concentric circles with the
current at the center. In determining the directions of quantities, you need to grasp
the wire with your right hand so that your thumb points to the direction of the
General Physics 2- Page 1 of 13
current. The curled finger shows the direction of the magnetic field.

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Figure 1. The magnetic field of a straight conductor

The magnetic field is expressed as:

μ0 I
B=
2 πr

Tm
Where μ0 is equal to 4 π x 10−7 A , I is the current expressed as Amperes (A), and r is the
distance from the rod to a certain point in terms of a meter (m).

The force between Parallel Conductors

Figure 2. Forces between parallel conductors

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Figure 2 shows two parallel wires a distance apart that carry currents I1 and I2,
respectively. The magnitude of the field is
μ0 I 1 μ0 I 2
B= 1 and B = 2
2π r 2π r

General Physics 2- Page 2 of 13

 The fields are perpendicular to the wire, which means the angle is 90 degrees
and sin 90°= 1. Therefore, the force becomes:
L μ0 I 1 I 2
F=I 1 LB sinθ=
2 πr

Magnetic Field of a Circular Loop

Figure 3. Magnetic Field of a Circular Loop

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Figure 3 shows the magnetic field of a circular loop. The magnitude is directly
proportional to the current and inversely proportional to the radius of the loop.
μ0 I
B=
2R
If we have a coil of N loops instead of a single loop, the loops are closely
spaced and have the same radius, then each loop contributes to the field, and the field
at the center is just N times.
¿
B = μ0 ∋ 2 R ¿

The magnetic field on the axis of a circular loop is expressed as:

μ 0 I a2
Bx =
2 ¿¿
The direction of the magnetic field is given by the right-hand rule. Curl the
fingers around the loop in the direction; the thumb points the direction of the magnetic
field.

General Physics 2- Page 3 of 13

Magnetic Field of a Solenoid
Figure 4 shows the magnetic field of a solenoid. It is a coil of wire in the form
of a helix. If the turns are close together and the solenoid is long relative to the
diameter, the magnetic field is uniform and parallel to the axis.

Figure 4. The magnetic field of a solenoid

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The Biot-Savart Law

Suppose a magnetic field can cause a single-point charge to move with velocity.
The location is called the source point, and any point surrounding it is called the field
point. The distance between the two points is r.
The magnitude of the magnetic field was found to be proportional to q and
inversely proportional with r to the second power. This behavior is consistent with
Coulomb’s law. However, the direction of the magnetic field is perpendicular to the
plane containing the line and its particle velocity.
If we have several charges, it still follows the superposition principle, where the
total magnetic field is influenced by several test charges.
This leads us to the equation below. In finding the magnetic field at any point in
space due to the current in a circuit, you need to solve for the vector sum of the
magnetic field in each segment of the conductor. This is expressed in Biot-Savart law
as:

General Physics 2- Page 4 of 13

 μ 0 I ∆ lsinθ
∆ B= 2
4π r

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The Ampere’s Law

The law provides a different perspective on the relationship between the
magnetic field and the sources. This is more convenient than Biot-Savart law. The law
is considered to be analogous with Gauss’s law. In a closed curve that encloses one or
more conductors, the curve is divided into segments known as Δs. At each segment,
the parallel component of magnetic field B is considered known as B║, We take the
products of the magnetic field and its segment until we have completely covered the
whole curve. The result is expressed as:
∑ B ∆ s=μ0 I
The equipotential surfaces are always perpendicular to the electric field lines.
There is no word when a charge is moved from point a to point b within the same
equipotential surface. When all charges are at rest, the surface of a conductor is
always equipotential. Electric fields are always directed perpendicular to the surface.
This also holds for charges at rest in an entire solid volume of the conductor.

IV. EXAMPLES:

1. A long, straight conductor carries a current of 100 A. At what distance from

the conductor is the magnetic field caused by the current equal to the Earth’s
magnetic field?

A What is/are given? I = 100 A

B What is asked? B =?
C Are the units Yes
consistent with the
formula?
General Physics 2- Page 5 of 13
E What strategy must We rearrange the formula and solve for r since
be employed? it is unknown. Then, we plug in the values.
F Solution

General Physics 2- Page 6 of 13

General Physics 2- Page 7 of 13
 G What is the Therefore, at 0.4 m from the conductor, the magnetic
conclusion? the field is equal to Earth’s magnetic field.

2. A power cable contains two long parallel conductors placed 1.0 cm apart. It
carries a current of 100 A to a 40 hp electric motor. Find the force exerted on a
1.0 m length of one conductor?

A What is/are given? I = 100 A, r = 1.0 cm and l = 1.0 m

Caution: 40 hp is not needed in this problem
B What is asked? F/l =?
C Are the units No, r must be converted from cm to m. Thus r
consistent with the = 0.01 m
formula?
E What strategy must We shall use the formula for the force
be employed? between parallel conductors.

F Solution

G What is the Therefore, the force per length between the conductors is
conclusion? 0.20 N/m

3. A coil used to produce a magnetic field for an electron beam experiment

has a radius of 12 cm and has 200 turns. What current is needed to produce a
magnetic field of 5.0 x 10-3 T?
A What is/are given? r = 12 cm, N = 200, B = 5.0 x 10-3 T
B What is asked? I =?
C Are the units consistent No, r must be converted from cm to m. Thus r =
with the 0.12 m
formula?
E What strategy must be We rearrange the formula and solve for I. Then,
employed? we plug in the values.

F Solution

G What is the Therefore, the current needed is 4.8 A.

conclusion?

General Physics 2- Page 8 of 13

V. GENERALIZATION
A magnetic field is a vector field that describes the magnetic influence on moving
electric charges, electric currents, and magnetic materials. A moving charge in a magnetic field
experiences a force perpendicular to its velocity and the magnetic field.

VI. EXERCISES:

ACTIVITY 1: Quantitative Problem

Direction: Solve the problem as directed. Write your answers on a separate
sheet of paper.
A coil consisting of 100 circular loops with radius 0.60 m carries a 5.0-A current.

Find the magnetic field at a point along the axis of the coil, 0.80
m from the center.
(b) Along the axis, at what distance from the center of the coil is the field magnitude 18 as
great as it is at the center?

Criteria 3 2 1 0
Physics The approach is The approach Some of the The solution
Approach appropriate and contains minor concepts and doesn’t
complete errors principles are indicate an
missing or approach
inappropriate
Procedure Mathematical and Mathematical and Most of the All
logical procedures are logical procedures mathematical procedures
clear, complete, and are and logical are
connected missing/contain procedures incomplete
errors and contain
errors
Description Diagrams and symbols Parts of the Most of the The entire
used are appropriate and diagrams and parts of the visualization is
complete symbols contain diagrams and wrong or did
errors symbols are not include
not useful visualization.

ACTIVITY 2. Building Concept Map

Direction: Create a concept map using the concepts that you have learned from
this module. You can use words, terms, phrases, or formulas in connecting the
concepts. Refer to the scoring guide below.

Mueller’s Classroom Concept Rubric

General Physics 2- Page 9 of 13
 Legible (easy to No (0-1) Yes (2)
read)
Accurate (The Many A few No inaccuracies (5)
concepts were inaccuracies inaccuracies
used (0-2) (3-4)
accurately.)
Complete Limited use of Some use of Sufficient number
(sufficient concepts concepts of concepts
number of (0-2) (3-4) (5)
relevant concepts
and
relationships)
Sophisticated Little or none Few Some Meaningful and
(finding (0-1) meaningful meaningful original insights
meaningful connections connections demonstrated
connections made (2-4) made (5-7) (8)
between
relevant
concepts)

ACTIVITY 3. MULTIPLE CHOICE

Directions: Write the letter of your choice in the space provided.

1. A straight wire is placed below the compass. A large current pass flows
upward the conductor. Where should the North pole of the compass
point?
a. east
b. south
c. west N
d. undeflected

2. Parallel wires carry different electric currents in the same direction.

What happens to the force in A and B?
a. FBonA = 4 FAonB I
A
b. 2FBonA = 4 FAonB
c. FBonA = 8 FAonB
d. FBonA = FAonB B
8I

3.The magnetic field inside a solenoid is directed toward the __________.

a. left b. none c. right d. upward/downward

4. A solenoid consists of 100 circular turns. Part of 3 turns, A, B, and C

are shown below. When the current flows,
a. both A and C are repelled by B
General Physics 2- Page 10 of 13
 b. A is attracted to B; C is repelled by B
c. neither A nor C is attracted/or repelled by B
d. both A and C are attracted to B
A B C
5. The vertical parallel metal rods of a microwave filter oscillate currents
in the rods. Sometimes, they have the same magnitude and direction as
the current. At that instant, the rods will
a. move apart horizontally
b. move together horizontally
c. shift vertically downwards
d. shift vertically upwards
6. Two parallel loops of radius a are placed at a distance L. The current for
each loop is in the same direction. Halfway between the loops, the magnetic
field (in terms of the formula for circular loop) is equal to.
a. zero
b. 1/4
c. 1/2
d. the same
7. Three parallel straight wires carry equal currents to the right. The
direction of magnetic force in the middle is
a. down to the plane
b. out of the plane
c. upwards/downwards
d. none
8. A long wire shown below is placed on a table. When a current goes through
the conductor, the component of the magnetic field at point X is __________.

a. into the table

b. out of the table
c. parallel to the segment nearest to the point
d. perpendicular to the segment nearest to the point

9. There are two wires with equal currents I traveling out of the page.
What is the direction of the magnetic field at point X?
X

a. east
b. southeast
c. southwest
d. west

10. Student A said that the magnetic field outside the long solenoid would be
no larger than the field caused by each turn. Student B said it is zero since
the magnetic field is located inside the solenoid. Who is correct?
General Physics 2- Page 11 of 13
 a. Student A, since each loop, cancels out the magnetic field of the other
b. Student B, since each loop, cancels out the magnetic field of the other
c. Student A, since magnetic fields cancel at the equal position of the loop
d. Student B, since magnetic fields cancel at the equal position of the loop

11. A solenoid is 3 cm long and has a radius of 0.50 cm. The wire carries
2.0 A of current. The magnetic field at the center is
a. 0.0419 T
b. 0.099 T
c. 0.0013 T
d. 20 T

12. Two parallel wires placed 4 cm apart carry 2A and 4A currents

respectively in the same direction. The force/length in each wire is
a. 0.00004 N/m, attractive
b. 0.00004 N/m, repulsive
c. 0.00001 N/m, attractive
d. 0.00001 N/m, repulsive
13. Two parallel wires placed 4 cm apart carry 2A and 4A currents
respectively in the opposite direction. The force/length in each wire is
a. 0.00004 N/m, attractive
b. 0.00004 N/m, repulsive
c. 0.00001 N/m, attractive
d. 0.00001 N/m, repulsive

14. The magnetic field at a distance of 2 cm from a straight wire is

0.00002 T. The current in the wire is
a. 0.16 A
b. 2A
c. 3A
d. 25 A
15. Solenoid B has twice the radius and six times the number of turns to that
of Solenoid A. The ratio of the magnetic field in the interior of B to that of
the interior of solenoid A is.
a. 6
b. 4
c. 2
d. 1

General Physics 2- Page 12 of 13

 VII. REFERENCES:

Sandler, Barney, Daria Bouadana, and Francis Weston Sears. 1991. Study Guide, College
Physics, 7th Edition, Sears/Zemansky/Young. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley.

‌Zitzewitz, Paul W. 2016. Physics: Principles & Problems. Columbus, Oh: Mcgraw-Hill

Education.

“Actuation.” 2022. Actucation.com. 2022.

ACTIVITY 1.QUANTITATIVE PROBLEM
a. 1.1 x 10 -4
http://www.actucation.com/college-physics-2/presence-of-only-magnetic-field.
b. x = ± 1.04m

2022. Coursehero.com. 2022. https://www.coursehero.com/file/p6dpeld3/15-Practice-Task-2-

ACTIVITY 2.Building a Concept Map
Answer
Practice-Task-3-. may vary

ACTIVITY 3.MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. C https://www.coursehero.com/file/p62d2gb/anegative-bpositive-
2022. Coursehero.com. 2022.
2. D
cneutral-ddepends-.
3. B
4. D
5. A
VIII. ANSWER KEY 6. D
7. D
8. B
9. A
10. C
11. A
12. A
13. A
14. B
15. D

General Physics 2- Page 13 of 13