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Physics Practical 1 PDF

This document describes experiments to determine the focal length of a concave mirror and convex lens. For the concave mirror experiment, a distant object is used to form an image on a screen, and the distance from the mirror to the screen is measured and used to calculate focal length. For the convex lens experiment, a similar process is followed to find the focal length. Both experiments are repeated multiple times and the average focal length is calculated. Precautions for obtaining accurate measurements are also outlined.

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Mohiniraj Dange
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3K views6 pages

Physics Practical 1 PDF

This document describes experiments to determine the focal length of a concave mirror and convex lens. For the concave mirror experiment, a distant object is used to form an image on a screen, and the distance from the mirror to the screen is measured and used to calculate focal length. For the convex lens experiment, a similar process is followed to find the focal length. Both experiments are repeated multiple times and the average focal length is calculated. Precautions for obtaining accurate measurements are also outlined.

Uploaded by

Mohiniraj Dange
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Aim

To determine the focal length of (i) concave mirror (ii) convex lens by obtaining the
image of a distant object.

To Determine the Focal Length Of Concave Mirror Practical

(i) To determine focal length of a given concave mirror:

Materials Required
A concave mirror, a measuring scale, a screen a mirror holder and mirror stand.

Procedure

1. Select a distant object from the laboratory window (distance should be more
than 50 ft).
2. Fix the concave mirror on the mirror stand placed on the table, facing the
distant object.
3. Place the screen in front of the reflecting surface of the mirror. Move the screen
back and forth until a clear, sharp image of the distant object is obtained on the
screen.
4. Measure the distance between the concave mirror and the screen with a metre
scale. This distance is the focal length of the given concave mirror. Record the
focal length.
5. Repeat the above procedure twice and record the readings. Take three
readings and calculate the average focal length.
Observation Table

Position of concave Focal length/ = (M – S)


S.No. Position of screen (S)
mirror (M) cm

1. 60 cm 50 cm 10 cm

2. 60 cm 50 cm 10 cm

3. 60 cm 50 cm 10 cm

Calculation
Mean value of focal length of concave mirror =

Result
The focal length of the given concave mirror = 10 cm

Precautions

1. The distant object must be well illuminated to produce a well illuminated and
distinct image.
2. Always place the concave mirror near an open window.
3. The polished surface of the concave mirror must face the distant object.
4. There should be no obstacle or hurdle in the path of rays of light from the
distant object, incident on the concave mirror.
5. The base of the stands of the concave mirror and screen should be parallel to
the measuring scale.
6. The mirror holder along with the mirror should be kept perpendicular to the
measuring scale for precise measurements.

Focal Length Of Convex Lens Experiment Class 10

(ii) To determine focal length of a given convex mirror:


Materials Required
Wooden bench, convex lens, a lens holder, a screen fixed to a stand, a measuring
scale; etc.

Procedure

1. Arrange the wooden bench capable of holding the lens and screen horizontally
on a table, so that the lens and screen are not disturbed.
2. Keep the lens in a holder facing a distant object say tree branches.
3. Fix the screen on another holder and keep it on the bench.
4. Adjust the position of the screen in such a way that a sharp image of the given
distant object falls on it.
5. Note down the position of the lens in the table and the screen, and find the
differences and record the same. The difference will give the focal length of the
given convex lens.
6. Focus the lens towards various distant objects and repeat the experiment to
find the position of sharp image and thereby the focal length.
7. Add all the focal lengths found out and find the mean value of the focal length
of the convex lens.
Observation Table

Position of convex lens


S.No. Position of screen (S) Focal length/= (L – S) cm
(L)

1. 60 cm 50 cm f1 = 10 cm

2. 60 cm 50 cm f2 = 10 cm

3. 60 cm 50 cm f3 = 10 cm

Calculation
Mean value of focal length of convex lens =

Result
The focal length of the given convex lens = 10 cm

Precautions

1. Convex lens should be placed vertically.


2. There should be no obstacle or hurdle in the path of rays of light from the
distant object incident on the common lens.
3. In order to get a well illuminated and distinct image, it must be ensured that the
distanct object is well illuminated.
4. The base of the stands of the convex lens and screen should be parallel to the
measuring scale.

Viva Voce

Question 1:
Give the mirror image of SMART.
Answer:
Question 2:
Name two types of spherical mirrors.
Answer:
Concave mirror and convex mirror.

Question 3:
Which mirror always produces virtual image?
Answer:
Plane mirror and convex mirror.

Question 4:
Define aperture of a spherical mirror.
Answer:
It is the diameter of the circular rim of a spherical mirror.

Question 5:
Define centre of curvature of a spherical mirror.
Answer:
The centre of the hollow sphere of which spherical mirror is a part is called the centre
of curvature.

Question 6:
What is the relation between focal length T and the radius of curvature ‘R’ of a
concave mirror?
Answer:
f = R/2.

Question 7:
What is meant by principal axis of a spherical mirror?
Answer:
The imaginary line passing through the pole and the principal focus of the spherical
mirror is called its principal axis.

Question 8:
What is the pole of a concave mirror?
Answer:
It is the centre point of the reflecting surface of the concave mirror. It is represented
as ‘P’.

Question 9:
What is centre of curvature of a concave mirror?
Answer:
Centre of curvature ‘C’ is the centre of the sphere of which the concave mirror forms
a part.

Question 10:
What is radius of curvature of concave mirror?
Answer:
Radius of curvature is the radius of the sphere of which the mirror forms a part.

Question 11:
What is the principal focus (F) of the concave mirror?
Answer:
A point in front of a concave mirror where a beam of light parallel to the principal axis
converge.

Question 12:
What is the mirror formula?
Answer:
The mirror formula is =

Question 13:
What is the law of reflection for mirror?
Answer:
(i) The incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal, all lie in the same plane.
(ii) ∠i = ∠r

Question 14:
How many refracting surfaces does a lens have?
Answer:
Two

Question 15:
Name two types of lenses commonly used.
Answer:
Convex lens and concave lens.

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