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    Coordinate Geometry

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    Tagore u
    The document discusses several methods in coordinate geometry for analyzing geometric shapes, including: 1. Describing the position of points on a 2D surface using coordinates like (x,y) and calculating the distance between any two points using the Pythagorean theorem. 2. Finding the midpoint between two points by taking the average of the x and y coordinates. 3. Calculating the gradient of a straight line by taking the rise over run, or change in y over the change in x, between any two points on the line.

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    Coordinate Geometry

    Uploaded by

    Tagore u
    11 views3 pages
    The document discusses several methods in coordinate geometry for analyzing geometric shapes, including: 1. Describing the position of points on a 2D surface using coordinates like (x,y) and calculating the distance between any two points using the Pythagorean theorem. 2. Finding the midpoint between two points by taking the average of the x and y coordinates. 3. Calculating the gradient of a straight line by taking the rise over run, or change in y over the change in x, between any two points on the line.

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    Coordinate geometry.docx

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    The document discusses several methods in coordinate geometry for analyzing geometric shapes, including: 1. Describing the position of points on a 2D surface using coordinates like (x,y) and calculating the distance between any two points using the Pythagorean theorem. 2. Finding the midpoint between two points by taking the average of the x and y coordinates. 3. Calculating the gradient of a straight line by taking the rise over run, or change in y over the change in x, between any two points on the line.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    11 views3 pages

    Coordinate Geometry

    Uploaded by

    Tagore u
    The document discusses several methods in coordinate geometry for analyzing geometric shapes, including: 1. Describing the position of points on a 2D surface using coordinates like (x,y) and calculating the distance between any two points using the Pythagorean theorem. 2. Finding the midpoint between two points by taking the average of the x and y coordinates. 3. Calculating the gradient of a straight line by taking the rise over run, or change in y over the change in x, between any two points on the line.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    True Data Analytics

    Coordinate geometry is a method of analyzing geometric


    shapes.
    To start off with, let us consider one of the simplest geometric problems: describing the position of points on a 2-
    dimensional surface (such as a piece of paper).

    The position of points will usually be referred to in one of these three ways:

    1. Fixed point: for example, (2,6).


    2. Generic fixed points: for example, (x1, y1), (x2, y2).
    3. General points: for example, (x, y). This is telling us that the point can be anywhere along a shape.

    Using coordinates means that we have to define where we start measuring from. When we are defining points on a
    graph, our point of reference is nearly always the origin or (0, 0).

    Distance between 2 points

    The next thing to be happy with is how to calculate the distance between any 2 points.

    We are interested in finding the distance from A


    to B. A is at (x1, y1) and B is at (x2, y2). Let's take a
    look at this using the diagram:

    We want to find the distance between A and B. If you


    look at the diagram above, we have added an
    imaginary point L, so that the triangle ABL is a right-
    angled triangle.

    Using Pythagoras' Theorem we can now express


    the length of the line AB in terms of A, B and L:

    AB2 = AL2 + BL2

    Remember that the position of A is (x1, y1) and the


    position of B is (x2, y2). So the distance between A
    and L is x2 - x1 and the distance between B and L is y2 - y1 (see diagram above).

    Hence, we can re-write the above equation as:

    AB2 = (x2 - x1)2 + (y2 - y1)2

    Solving this for AB gives us the equation we are trying to prove, telling us that the distance between A and B can be
    expressed by:

    So now you can find the distance between any two points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2), and also understand how the formula
    was derived!
    True Data Analytics
    Here's a quick example of how this would work
    with numbers.

    The distance between (2,6) and (-3,9) is:

    Midpoint

    The next step is to learn how to calculate the midpoint,


    M, between any two points.

    Consider this diagram:

    M is the midpoint of A and B.

    The x coordinate of the midpoint M is found by taking


    the average of the x coordinate of the points A and B
    (this is half way between x1 and x2 on the diagram
    above).

    The y coordinate of the midpoint M is also found by


    taking the average of the y coordinates of the points A
    and B (this is half way between y1 and y2 on the
    diagram).

    Therefore, we can say that:

    The x coordinate of M equals

    The y coordinate of M equals

    So using this technique you can find the midpoint of any line defined by two points. e.g. the midpoint of (2,6) and (-
    3,9) is (-0.5, 7.5)

    Gradient

    The gradient of a straight line measures its slope in relation to the x-axis. In other words, the amount that y increases
    for every unit increase in x.

    The gradient of a line can be positive or negative.

    A positive gradient has is an 'uphill' slope in relation to the positive x-axis, and this means that a positive increase in
    the x direction is accompanied by a positive increase in the y direction.
    True Data Analytics
    A negative gradient has a 'downhill' slope in relation to the positive x-axis. This means that a positive increase in the
    x direction is accompanied by a decrease in the y direction.

    How to calculate the gradient of a line

    The gradient of a line is the increase in the y


    coordinate divided by the increase in the x coordinate
    between any 2 points on a line.

    Looking at the graph we can say that:

    Note: This method can only be used to find the


    gradient of a straight line. If you need to find the
    gradient of a point on a curve, you need to use
    differentiation

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