2nd Grade Statistics

Chapter 4
True or false
1. Hypotheses are tentative explanations of a principle operating in nature. (√)

2. The first step in testing a hypothesis is to establish a true null hypothesis and a false
alternative hypothesis. (×)

3. In testing hypotheses, the researcher initially assumes that the alternative hypothesis is true
and uses the sample data to reject it. (×)

4. The null and the alternative hypotheses must be mutually exclusive and collectively
exhaustive. (√)

5. Generally speaking, the hypotheses that business researchers want to prove are stated in the
alternative hypothesis. by examining the rejection and non-rejection regions in light of Type I
and Type II errors(√)

6. The probability of committing a Type I error is called the power of the test. (×)

7. When a true null hypothesis is rejected, the researcher has made a Type I error. (√)

8. When a false null hypothesis is rejected, the researcher has made a Type II error(×)
.
9. When a researcher fails to reject a false null hypothesis, a Type II error has been committed (√)

10. Power is equal to (1 –), the probability of a test rejecting the null hypothesis that is indeed false. (√)

11. The rejection region for a hypothesis test becomes smaller if the level of significance is
changed from 0.01 to 0.05. (×)

12. Whenever hypotheses are established such that the alternative hypothesis is "μ>8", where μ
is the population mean, the hypothesis test would be a two-tailed test. (×)

13.Whenever hypotheses are established such that the alternative hypothesis is "μ≠8", where μ
is the population mean, the hypothesis test would be a two-tailed test. (√)

14.Whenever hypotheses are established such that the alternative hypothesis is "μ>8", where μ
is the population mean, the p-value is the probability of observing a sample mean greater than
the observed sample mean assuming that μ=8. (√)

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15.If a null hypothesis was not rejected at the 0.10 level of significance, it will be rejected at a
0.05 level of significance based on the same sample results. (×)

16. The rejection and non rejection regions are divided by a point called the critical value(√).

18. If a null hypothesis is not rejected at the 0.05 level of significance, the p-value is bigger than
0.05(√)

Multiple Choice

19.Consider the following null and alternative hypotheses.

Ho:   67
Ha:  > 67
These hypotheses _______________.

a) indicate a one-tailed test with a rejection area in the right tail

b) indicate a one-tailed test with a rejection area in the left tail
c) indicate a two-tailed test
d) are established incorrectly

20.Consider the following null and alternative hypotheses.

Ho:   67
Ha:  < 67
These hypotheses _______________.

a) indicate a one-tailed test with a rejection area in the right tail

b) indicate a one-tailed test with a rejection area in the left tail
c) indicate a two-tailed test
d) are established incorrectly

21.Consider the following null and alternative hypotheses.

Ho:  = 67
Ha:   67
These hypotheses ______________.
a) indicate a one-tailed test with a rejection area in the right tail
b) indicate a one-tailed test with a rejection area in the left tail
c) indicate a two-tailed test
d) are established incorrectly

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25.Suppose the alternative hypothesis in a hypothesis test is: "the population mean is less than
60". If the sample size is 50,  is known, and alpha =.05, the critical value of z is _______.
a) 1.645
b) -1.645
c) 1.96
d) -1.96

26.Suppose the alternative hypothesis in a hypothesis test is "the population mean is greater
than 60". If the sample size is 80,  is known, and alpha = .01, the critical value of z is _______.
a) 2.575
b) -2.575
c) 2.33
d) -2.33

27.In a two-tailed hypothesis about a population mean with a sample size of 100,  is known,
and alpha = 0.10, the rejection region would be _______.
a) z > 1.64
b) z > 1.28
c) z < -1.28 and z > 1.28
d) z < -1.64 and z > 1.64

28.In a two-tailed hypothesis about a population mean with a sample size of 100,  is known,
and α = 0.05, the rejection region would be _______.
a) z > 1.64
b) z > 1.96
c) z < -1.96 and z > 1.96
d) z < -1.64 and z > 1.64

29.Suppose you are testing the null hypothesis that a population mean is less than or equal to
80, against the alternative hypothesis that the population mean is greater than 80. If the sample
size is 49,  is known, and alpha = .10, the critical value of z is _______.
a) 1.645
b) -1.645
c) 1.28
d) -1.28

30.Suppose you are testing the null hypothesis that a population mean is less than or equal to
80, against the alternative hypothesis that the population mean is greater than 80. The sample
size is 49 and alpha =.05. If the sample mean is 84 and the population standard deviation is 14,
the observed z value is _______.
a) 2 b) -2 c) 14 d) -14

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31.Suppose you are testing the null hypothesis that a population mean is greater than or equal to
60, against the alternative hypothesis that the population mean is less than 60. The sample size
is 64 and  = .05. If the sample mean is 58 and the population standard deviation is 16, the
observed z value is _______.
a) -1
b) 1
c) -8
d) 8

32.A researcher is testing a hypothesis of a single mean. The critical z value for
 = .05 and an one-tailed test is 1.645. The observed z value from sample data is 1.13. The
decision made by the researcher based on this information is to ______ the null hypothesis.
a) reject
b) not reject
c) redefine

33.A researcher is testing a hypothesis of a single mean. The critical z value for
 = .05 and a two-tailed test is +1.96. The observed z value from sample data is -1.85. The
decision made by the researcher based on this information is to _____ the null hypothesis.
a) reject
b) not reject
c) redefine

34.A researcher is testing a hypothesis of a single mean. The critical z value for
 = .05 and a two-tailed test is +1.96. The observed z value from sample data is 2.85. The
decision made by the researcher based on this information is to _____ the null hypothesis.
a) reject
b) not reject
c) redefine
d) change the alternate hypothesis into

35.A researcher is testing a hypothesis of a single mean. The critical z value for  = .05 and a
two-tailed test is +1.96. The observed z value from sample data is -2.11. The decision made by
the researcher based on this information is to _____ the null hypothesis.
a) reject
b) not reject
c) redefine
d) change the alternate hypothesis into

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36.A company produces an item that is supposed to have a six inch hole punched in the center
‫بوصة حفرة في وسط‬. A quality control inspector ‫ المراقب‬is concerned that the machine which
punches the hole is "out-of-control" (hole is too large or too small). In an effort to test this, the
inspector is going to gather a sample punched by the machine and measure the diameter R‫قطر‬
‫ الدايره‬of the hole. The alternative hypothesis used to statistical test to determine if the machine is
out-of-control is
a) the mean diameter is > 6 inches
b) the mean diameter is < 6 inches
c) the mean diameter is = 6 inches
d) the mean diameter is ≠ 6 inches

38.In performing a hypothesis test where the null hypothesis is that the population mean is 23
against the alternative hypothesis that the population mean is not equal to 23, a random sample
of 17 items is selected. The sample mean is 24.6 and the sample standard deviation is 3.3. It
can be assumed that the population is normally distributed. The degrees of freedom associated
with this are _______.
a) 17
b) 16
c) 15
d) 2

39.In performing a hypothesis test where the null hypothesis is that the population mean is 4.8
against the alternative hypothesis that the population mean is not equal to 4.8, a random sample
of 25 items is selected. The sample mean is 4.1 and the sample standard deviation is 1.4. It can
be assumed that the population is normally distributed. The degrees of freedom associated with
this are _______.
a) 25
b) 24
c) 26
d) 2

40.In performing a hypothesis test where the null hypothesis is that the population mean is 4.8
against the alternative hypothesis that the population mean is not equal to 4.8, a random sample
of 25 items is selected. The sample mean is 4.1 and the sample standard deviation is 1.4. It can
be assumed that the population is normally distributed. The level of significance is selected to
be 0.10. The table "t" value for this problem is _______.
a) 1.318
b) 1.711
c) 2.492
d) 2.797

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41.In performing a hypothesis test where the null hypothesis is that the population mean is 4.8
against the alternative hypothesis that the population mean is not equal to 4.8, a random sample
of 25 items is selected. The sample mean is 4.1 and the sample standard deviation is 1.4. It can
be assumed that the population is normally distributed. The observed "t" value for this problem
is _______.
a) -12.5
b) 12.5
c) -2.5
d) -0.7

42.In performing a hypothesis test where the null hypothesis is that the population mean is 6.9
against the alternative hypothesis that the population mean is not equal to 6.9, a random sample
of 16 items is selected. The sample mean is 7.1 and the sample standard deviation is 2.4. It can
be assumed that the population is normally distributed. The calculated"t" value for this problem
is _______.
a) 0.05
b) 0.20
c) 0.33
d) 1.33

44.In performing a hypothesis test where the null hypothesis is that the population mean is 6.9
against the alternative hypothesis that the population mean is not equal to 6.9, a random sample
of 16 items is selected. The sample mean is 7.1 and the sample standard deviation is 2.4. It can
be assumed that the population is normally distributed. The level of significance is selected as
0.05. The decision rule for this problem is to reject the null hypothesis if the observed "t" value
is _______.
a) less than -2.131 or greater than 2.131
b) less than -1.761 or greater than 1.761
c) less than -1.753 or greater than 1.753
d) less than -2.120 or greater than 2.120
e) less than -3.120 or greater than 3.120

45.The diameter of 3.5 inch diskettes ‫ قرص معدن‬is normally distributed. Periodically ‫دوريا‬,
quality control inspectors at Dallas Diskettes randomly select a sample of 16 diskettes. If the
mean diameter of the diskettes is too large or too small .The last sample showed a mean and
standard deviation of 3.49 and 0.08 inches, respectively. Using  = 0.05, the critical "t" values
are _______.
a) -2.120 and 2.120
b) -2.131 and 2.131
c) -1.753 and 1.753
d) -1.746 and 1.746

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46.The diameter of 3.5 inch diskettes is normally distributed. Periodically, quality control
inspectors at Dallas Diskettes randomly select a sample of 16 diskettes. If the mean diameter of
the diskettes is too large or too small the diskette punch is shut down for adjustment; otherwise,
the punching process continues. The null hypothesis is ______.
a) n  16
b) n = 16
c)  = 3.5
d)   3.5

47.The diameter of 3.5 inch diskettes is normally distributed. Periodically, quality control
inspectors at Dallas Diskettes randomly select a sample of 16 diskettes. If the mean diameter of
the diskettes is too large or too small. The last sample showed a mean and standard deviation of
3.49 and 0.08 inches, respectively. Using  = 0.05, the appropriate decision is _______.
a) reject the null hypothesis
b) reject the null hypothesis
c) do not reject the null hypothesis
d) do not reject the null hypothesis

48.The diameter of 3.5 inch diskettes is normally distributed. Periodically, quality control
inspectors at Dallas Diskettes randomly select a sample of 16 diskettes. If the mean diameter of
the diskettes is too large or too small. The last sample showed a mean and standard deviation of
3.55 and 0.08 inches, respectively. Using  = 0.05, the appropriate decision is _______.
a) reject the null hypothesis
b) reject the null hypothesis
c) do not reject the null hypothesis
d) do not reject the null hypothesis

49.In performing hypothesis tests about the population mean, if the population standard
deviation is not known, a t test can be used to test the mean if _________________.
a) n is small
b) the sample is random
c) the population mean is known
d) the population is normally distributed
e) the population is chi-square distributed

50.Suppose a researcher is testing a null hypothesis that  = 61. A random sample of n = 36 is

taken resulting in a sample mean of 63 and s = 9. The observed t value is _______.
a) -0.22
b) 0.22
c) 1.33
d) 8.08

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1. A statement made about a population for testing purpose is called?

a) Statistic b) Hypothesis c) Level of Significance d) Test-Statistic

2. If the assumed hypothesis is tested for rejection considering it to be true is called?

a) Null Hypothesis b) Statistical Hypothesis c) Simple Hypothesis d) Composite Hypothesis

3. If the null hypothesis is false then which of the following is accepted?

a) Null Hypothesis b) Positive Hypothesis c) Negative Hypothesis d) Alternative Hypothesis.

4. The rejection probability of Null Hypothesis when it is true is called as?

a) Level of Confidence b) Level of Significance c) Level of Margin d) Level of Rejection

8. Which of the following is defined as the rule or formula to test a Null Hypothesis?
a) Test statistic b) Population statistic c) Variance statistic d) Null statistic

9. Type 1 error occurs when?

a) We reject H0 if it is True b) We reject H0 if it is False
c) We accept H0 if it is True d) We accept H0 if it is False

10. The probability of Type 1 error is referred as?

a) 1-α b) β c) α d) 1-β

11. The probability of Type 11 error is referred as?

a) 1-α b) β c) α d) 1-β

12. The probability of power of test is referred as?

a) 1-α b) β c) α d) 1-β

13. The probability of accept H0 if it is True of test is referred as?

a) 1-α b) β c) α d) 1-β

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14. Alternative Hypothesis is also called as?

a) Composite hypothesis b) Research Hypothesis c) Simple Hypothesis d) Null Hypothesis

15. If a Null Hypothesis is accepted then the value of Test statistic lies in the ____________
a) Acceptance region b) Rejection region c) Critical region d) Sample region

16. The range of Level of Significance lies between ____________

a) -∞ and 0 b) -∞ and ∞ c) 0 and ∞ d) 0 and 1

17. Which of the following represents the Confidence coefficient?

a) 1-α b) β c) 1-β d) α

18. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic for a good estimator?

a. Biasedness b. Consistency c. Relative efficiency d. Unbiasedness

19. A point estimate is defined as

a. the average of the sample values
b. the average of the population values
c. a single value that is the best estimate of an unknown population parameter
d. a single value that is the best estimate of an unknown sample statistic

20 An unbiased estimator of a population parameter is defined as

a. an estimator whose expected value is equal to the parameter
b. an estimator whose variance is equal to one
c. an estimator whose expected value is equal to zero
d. an estimator whose variance goes to zero as the sample size goes to infinity

22 An estimator is said to be consistent if

a. it is an unbiased estimator
b. the variance of the estimator is close to one
c. the expected value of the estimator is known and positive
d. it is an unbiased estimator and the difference between the estimator and the population
parameter grows smaller

23 as the sample size grows larger If there are two unbiased estimators of a
population parameter, the one whose variance is smaller is said to be
a biased estimator b. relatively efficient c. consistent d relatively unbiased

24.Which of the following is not a characteristic for a good estimator?

A. Being unbiased.

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 2nd Grade Statistics

B. Being consistent.
C. Having relative efficiency.
D. All of these choices are true.
25. A point estimator is defined as:
A. a range of values that estimates an unknown population parameter.
B. a range of values that estimates an unknown sample statistic.
C. a single value that estimates an unknown population parameter.
D. a single value that estimates an unknown sample statistic.
26. An unbiased estimator of a population parameter is defined as:
A. an estimator whose expected value is equal to the parameter.
B. an estimator whose variance is equal to one.
C. an estimator whose expected value is equal to zero.
D. an estimator whose variance goes to zero as the sample size goes to infinity.
27. An estimator is said to be consistent if:
A. it is an unbiased estimator.
B. the variance of the estimator is zero.
C. the difference between the estimator and the population parameter stays the same as
the sample size grows larger.
D. the difference between the estimator and the population parameter grows smaller as the
sample size grows larger.

28.If there are two unbiased estimators of a population parameter available, the one
that has the smallest variance is said to be:
A. a biased estimator.
B. relatively efficient.
C. consistent.
D. relatively unbiased.

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29.Which of the following statements is correct?

A. The sample mean is an unbiased estimator of the population proportion.
B. The sample proportion is an unbiased estimator of the population proportion.
C. The difference between two sample proportions is an unbiased estimator of the
difference between two sample means.
D. All of these choices are true.

30. ………estimator ensures that all information of a sample can used to the
estimation of a parameter is exist
a sufficiency b. relatively efficient c. consistent d relatively unbiased

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