flavanced Mathomatical Physi PR- 419 Compiax Varioble Throop, ‘> Sntmocuc tion > Eunetions of complex variable > $& - neighbourhood D) theosy- ond Problems ef Complex variables > mit sf sz) — MAR. Spiegel > clerivobive of F(2) Textbooks a : 2) Com plax venti ables Continuity. of $(z) ond applications % Anobiticihy, of f{2) ~3.N. Brown —R-N Chunchell 5) Comptex Trlegretiion = Comehy's integoral theorem . 7 ureloy’s ‘ntagooh fama a Couschiy's nedicue Theoswm . Tansosr is | “Text book. Ot 4 d dtmonsi “ | \) ensong In thowe ond foun mensions ) Matsices cxnd ‘tens | 2) Rank, of jensons . ah Phupie s: ® covariant’ ond aontraverient ‘Ton | A-H Deshi =) Symmetnic. omd onli .symmelvic. tensoa Vector Analysis a —N.R. Spi . 5) covantomt stenivatons of ten soms- 3) vhost 6) Mathemedtfoal apoations involving ‘lensory | Phypies: © |= Rafdseen ,Weben aati+H Complex Vostiables Theory, Comphex vastiable. | number aan. be sepresented ov Zs a4 > W zitsa complex num bex than x omd y ort eal numbers r2, TE zisa complex nortiable then. ~~ omd 4 or wok Vordables. Independent ef each otter + X Com phex eon jugota. (om operation orn complex member (variable) & ya wa iy the 2 complex conjugate fz Ze x-iy, G ® Gsaphtend supacsentation of mile variable, (numbers. CAmgomd diagram) x= Re (2) Te) 4 = Im) Ze arin X= \zZ1 Cos o - to"(£) { = lz] sine x x Rol) = [zl = Jere 6 = osqument of 2’ = mognitude. of comphex vonicble Zz v6 er number. U2tei = eo of 2 z= lzleos8 +U2isind = Neos + insind =A = modulus of 2’ el 28 Polan Seorm of complex mvoniable os Number '2’ Combination of comphex vortiable om number |) Addition and SubstrucKon mt BAB TPRPAARARARRAAAR2+ Complex function , $(2) B Snipe food of $2) init F $02) Z Conttnaiby of $¢2) ? Denivalive of 4(2) =e a Anolyricihy eof 42) Complex variable Theo, Fanelion_ef _complox verdoble — able "Zz" An a cottatn Jf Son a complex noo other complex variable zagion. “D' ofa. complex plone. on a oot 08 values ths "” oxumes a shugfe. vale or “eo” wndere some pavassumptions than “2” 7s eolled function of complex | Oe ee also of “2” =) Anos ingle w+ §(z) » SF Jor each v hius, tori 1 veolted singe Sanations + voled fun iow olhor- ' Like it te a muliphe valued © A complex “function oles ts always waitlen o> sealer) + iv (x) peak pot > tmegi or pou + +. Uy) and vCx'p) oF peal function f 7%! eo 2) ea : catty) = aoe aeriy aay ty (23- 3xQ) 5 iC axy-W60, heme, cag) = (22 - 2%y) v(myd = (847% ~ 4? 2, & S npighbounbood of $(2) s- neighbour hood of a comphex dn a certain region. Ff a complex plone jn a alosed gion, M+ \z-2Ze\ funekion 5) oF point “2” is a set of af points uch hat, |z-20\ 26 , ois a +ve 4 zeal number. Himit of functions £@)* Wink of janerns int “Rod point 'zo then, oirgunctton,, 32) ‘has Bett ee 3 "e” J thens meok ol positive neo value ae a ee P 15 ig posible wala & such. thot 7 me ore woe coun write G | pe RRA AAA HARA RMBEKAAKAAEAAAAKKAK EY Ve) 8) ee dt $(z)=9 \z-zo.| 2 & Continuiby of J: A function §@ «ry §F(2) exist OO ge ab gees _ 29% mM) gy = ie eontinurcus at 20 tfXerivative of $2) of afunctfon f(z) tg aeFined of% The de rivotive cz) ge $(z+ a2) ~ $2) sz>0 42 AZO bz provided =~ % Limit exist i) peit ts weependent of pothon which 4F 7° f ce, (Ax 70° et wy sh?) : e (a2 7 - axce) Zz aa 4(z)= 27 f(z) = 22 s(2) = 1: Az7o Az (zte2)” -2 | - sf - & ania bz DKFe ay 7 = pyre Az = «tt 22 Az Dx? C . ) oy7? A i when ox>0 leony cc, 4 aa oe (2z4b2 yee Ayxo bx>d D) ad Go sramdin constant ozAlong. Cp at 2 t Ax>0 AY PO (22 + ax t tay) dt SY20 ” (22 + isy) “ 22 Wroliglicthy, o} function $2) A funelfon §(2) ts amabybic. in a costean region Dh of a complex plome then its danivetive exist ot alk points of “Dp, 3 A funefon. $2) % omnatytic od a Pol ne “Z" in a masion- “Dp” of a complex pkome then ‘ts denivotive exist at Zo ond alk points one the &- nai ghbowr hood of 2% (ed Example = $(2)~ 12! ‘ eye Ulu)8 check the omobylfetby of $07) = Ize aye wal, vort able - Ais a swab valerooA compe Siz) = xt 4s at Azo AZ step Le Sarn7) -F) §lx) 2 i bz>0 ape ea zZ+tez oe = Lt aca+ord 4 (4404) - (Hep) bx7O a erecta esac by 70 (ov + toy) Wome, nx +o omd bY 20 Lt ee Bx ae (2% + ox ) BAO = Qn Mona 2 Ay ?O emt AX=0 ~ ut (a+ a + Cyt og) — C0 #7) pro AY 7 bx + ip : > eee au | yar eb by 30 =A = by>o - Wo LZt oa ay tang bYy%0 2 ~ 2h, [Se ce Sunction %& sot analytic ay “he Kemtd ts not tndepenctentf path . Writs $unclion §(2) = lel 1s txeapt af 2-0 But we tood at 2-0 therefore this function Theres is also At feentiable at 7=° 4umcHon 42) =!2P the complex plane - 14:03.23 Problems 4, $f xyeatt , 2, -3-2i.omd 2,2 -4+Bi Evalute (ay 132, - 421\ (&) ¢ 2,3 — 3x\7+42, -2 «© (xt)! a4 —424 not derivative dt ffortiable oe pet cote 8 neighbour ¢ fs nok analytic any where fn " A ( t ‘ « ¢ ¢ sa SSASSHSSHNADKHHOKHEHAAR OOO| . (2) Ex prs swe following. ‘in pole form. ond place. thom an drape. Pome. « (0) Q4 asx we) -b+5e (9 -IG - Jat @) -2i (3) pid tre vol. of = Hf ze 5 -82 (A) Rind eooh ef he, Andieoted moots — (%) C143 W (-28 aay L Ans “4 (6) ze Oe 42 > (arta giost) +4 (att) - 8 : i)-8 = 8 @ -axat + gay tl araredi-s] + 4(ar) 29 Pigcinw-wers 7 e@gtae 4 : eee © 2,7)" . 3 jac 4 of, Feat +10] = (-4 - Bi eu : 2i fio -38t] - 4 es [a+nil : i 3-680 +%) austellaa A) iy ais Leo yo ot 82 ten"! ton (a a 2h 3 it x. 46% >) —5+ 5 0+ on (-E)| pls 4 “2 x q Dye -Jai 8 HE) Be 227272 a) -3 8 ton 4 2 bi (-2) “My SIR 2 we oa na |2|= = \2l = J 2 eb) 2 feyast paw v4 + 4x3 2 S12 Qnd 200 Lc th AOD OHAHAHRARARABLARAECAAARARAARRR AS SCH 9 ir, 3 22P = 95 amp (38% ) sh 2: me? mn : 2 32 = cosn +t ising e ote ig _ y --\ : pe 32% Pe 32% 5if st 3,7 . 4 , k 2 am. ueee op > on eank ~ K20,1, 23/4: = (50 + iSino = wz yank . e = a ax, a, ta , An ; Re ee Rooks of 2 - =» _ fC Oe 4 Sk 2: We 4 Uy p= Wa)? 2 LG %2 pet 7 iy : 2a a * . oe a vy : 3g ae 86,2012. 2 BF 2% ott BIKOK, 4 Yo, 2% Por ¢g = By Na (1% eee‘ Cameby’s Riemann Condition. / €pualion fom Knoly lie fune tion. oa eet. £2). ust Slay > U(x, 4) 4 TV (4) 18 Anolyfic , | " The desivotive. 4/(2) 7s exist ak oon oobi point 2 Mg 52), Ae ular; ip CD Soo Tae ae mae ring) Mansy € P '( 2) = Ea hte at eD (elvan sgeay) OF 2th? bY>0 ~jy Cag) 6 TVA WF fo ‘ 2 ; ans Coy, 2 leh X> 4 a oft Ula + nx, 4) +1v (x40%,4) . bx>0 Fu (ay) + T3(7-4)3 : BK 7 : edt [UlXrax, woe F(Z) + 7 v (tax, t) Yaw) @ AX>0 bx i ‘ e e - OW yf oe — c ome Ox e c Similan, Op r | {(z4a2)~- f) i 2 dt 5 2) a “ey AZ Ano A490 Az= a ume +44) © Ear yeoy ) - £ Oleg) 4i6(2,498 Agro bay vor. ule 4+ey) - Ure) 4 TCT ETOP > v (x4) 4970 is 7 ? 7. ¢ 4% 23 24.03.23 Xi Cauchy i Ris tanr ee : ee #] avlav = - ou Par * & Bo one couttnuoute ° uo 4 me Eihitag oe and and equation eS SL ° , > ; ; ; : > ) ) : ) ) ) ) i ) ) ) ; } ) ) ' > DifFerentak wom. toy. 5 Su + u_ =. ov = Se Sr8y oy oyse ono we Sinha» Eu amd iy o au 4 3v -o function y au ay Bye bhaw nok w(x, 4) = 274 — Bis harmonic (2 Fined the Conjugate Sunebion © u(% 4) © F%md she function. A(z) = U(%4) +tv (t *) Ne any - Ce a + 32° — 3y> av , Cox hu = <6) 3 wa es % Be iS ‘ a | oy v aves 2 tooo ae : By am by Of 7 gunattor (Ag, our Eb bo a : Se ax oy 2 Bx 8g” G 7 ame a a 2 6, 2 fot 29H ae 6% Op > wu 2 Lhe EY 2 xs feu 2 ~ 6x { Yop urea aay Py +t) se we —6x de 4 ei) 2 sll -©Now fe 9 trafiay a 8m 6 Serta)» 23 / (47) 20 ult, 4) = xe. axe © gc2) = x - Bxyr + i (32y -y?) S, et ® Check the ommoky Maing f f) + sing $2) = sin (aaty) a cosx sin (1%) 4 Teas % Nh Yo VG$)? con HSH. = an x cosy) finw cosh 4 = Sinx cosh utd) © oe Sx cos xk cofhy, a 7 me ae. dinx sinh tp av Wy a By = cps7,coshy~ Ow 6x . os aot “eee ex ay : P moved .AP Cauchy ’s Tnlegnot “theorurm Ra fanelton f(z) as oma on and inside ten a simple dose wiv Cc" When. (ie) es h fe) ax +o ce Lus Ga). $ ge) dz © Lugs tls] axe fy) © “GLa, 4) Ae + iva yas * iu(s4)o%e © = vcuy) ay | | 2 $ Ux, yy dx + (HU Cady sett | € ¥ 4, —@® Now, Goren’s Vheoner » ° 4 $ M09, 4) A% t N(%,/ 4) SE - ae c Now, from, @) patna @) | § Ce ~ Sp) ant «iff Qe - Ban Ro” YBBu ge $y > Be x from @ Te ee ae KR 2 0 = RH: Wanee Prv2A4.+ & 7 Usina,, Comebrg's Sheqaal Whaor8m “65 ao ° : BEd: 5 > J mae + faeaz -° | ABe coh , 7 ~\ acids = ee coh ABE > | fade > ss =O ABC AN con Loneln de . § a Fenetton i jon “thon ‘mosrattory daponds on path . from eq’ GB he amolybies “in a 22 Gyitteh ord Pinol pant but wok on thein 03°23 181 Find ths neat ond teeirary colo 31-03 +2 = ule, pads ag @ = w+ © 7 28, Find the moclulus omd axpernant™ & (0)" dat i) 4+ iB peg 98,3. Find ond gooph all He noots of OQ gr OH © Jaa 04, Shae Hot the Silatig, faneions ore honor oma find the eoveespanding, conjuyte faneton Jus v- Bayt 4 8% — 34 b) vs 2m oy “(@ zt 2tl ~ a Hiy =) Trig! Ben aby - Locos] «4 (X41) ay ae marley?oy yen 4 Coay * R yet + On Sig ut <*> i « . ~ ¢ Eh ~~ 2. i. xe > . sae Haya eae . a St + iyy 1 HYP) + 2xyi Gay) 2 y ea ey ]pew- 24] CohyD - Ee Gry + day ay t any ie eyOo . aet 25 u-t tai ’,@s iA a, - dnd 4 2i a = t =~ Od lel ey | ~| t Bs tom! ¢ ) zton( 2) = & = D2r.r+tss 2\- 7... Ae Ta@ =~ 2 an eS baton (+) = lal) =| aan 3 ay: : 3 a Gv =.” e. ev we we et wre el ele 4 Here, ps 3 > a5 3p = es le= i> . @ Yo a z2=Cv ip we Pe [zl - +t bed Ope: oun! = : 8 CD 2g oe os eo “we Ord : 2 Bn | oe oe Rooks cow, a L8nys oe ee i . wo us 22. 324% + 3% — 3% au a uP _ xh - ex By7 42 -6ry- 3 a 3 Spe Ott Oma | Ge ee ae Oxy oyAg, from C-R equation au Ov ay J au ax” oy a oF aw = Fax» ~ 2448 2 a & + Guyp+3 > fev » [O28 D4 | 2 \a | DV e ata Be 434 ' ? § . A (exq +3)d% xy se oO > v 2 oth 43% $4) “a = arty +37 + Sty) tu Composrs aa) ond (2) Bo'y +3x4 SH) = oxy We +34 + a(x) $e) = 4th BCA) a B% - feo Ye 2a + 3H £34 8 4vo» Fay sy (H) gs oxy + 3% Ee ee av Qs € Tm oo dey °o & 3 30" : v : furekion y hg Henrmeni “Berm COR equoedion ge 8 a wy ne on os a Ja » jee ae me CO) cc a > J da e forge . _o yh BOO $0) pores ey) HO Oe” gp 7 410, 04-23 Couchys Aulegnal hoonern 7 . » fae) dz =O Ste) as anolytic Side da ins Efa Sanction SG) 48 omalsybie, on om hon, : ~eeove/ eontoure To? An complex plone. _ 2) Be) aT ani < 2-20 “ C) ake, Z 6 apeint fs “ ¢ aalae, Broof given , dt) ts omabyfie every whore + == Zp $B) 5 also omabytie. Z-Z ( couthr Integra \ ge az=s0 eS 2-20 28.28 AGC DEA $2) — SQ a2 + S(z)dz 4 [iba aee aaa ? a. 2-26 zZ-Zo A ABC cD . r. = , eB A AA AOON OOH RAHM BEKKAARAKRRRRRRAGaAsseemptions — > ane will be w abose cunve Wf ARC ove angtuttesimal ether close points ‘ S sr al bo > atsc, eunve. if ES p ove In Ftuntesimad € clos2 JiQan (SO a cA ge” ao De - $2) dz + $2) az 20 —! 3) * 2-20 Z-Zo cD m oo fn equation (2) We Ce Row Usivrp Ww (the + Jee az 20 ee eo Z-Zo Aac fe > H2) ap = f $02) eg focus 2-%o t e bo | ] he Let |z~zol = € . 2-2 * cob 3 a2 ee and z= Ztee ZZ $2) a2 = at §Cz) ae dal 2 mr °2 tz) a at pt oe coi) $ z -2 e096 | tne ee ¢ F one $ (20) 9 ee.) $e a) 12 Qnt Z-Z, a. 28 FH 2, is onthe contour aCe Sebo HE) 4g nok araligtre at Z-? Ze Foe xt) dz =O 2 -Bs a 742 > oe J C- 2 a ") 7 a sy 7 Je 2 a4 gan - = ad s) oe ef = C-2€ + fh) lz -21 = € z-2 =e ip ig fr2tee Az = ie e'fag is ‘ ¢ (2+ € ed - is eo (@ lee : i oo. io 4 & nen? Lee Ae RPRRPOSPARAAAHHHOHHOHKHKEHHHHAHHRHEKKERCAAAGQAAGABaR7 a Inside, a clese. crve i H f(z) is omatytic. on on co tben 4a) = ar $3 S18). dal!” stems te Oe _ at eG 20) i inside e. ond $s) : ae z=Zo te gee oe § HL cA F (25+ B20) -— 4 #0) an soe Se poe ro - ene e z- Fo =e, 8 2n thee f(zja2 ee atin? c %-Ae)( 2-79) < : Zot b2o)- 2) _ z)dz - ee (2-2) - (2-2 ~ Azo) i 54 -b 2) Cz -22) (2-2 fap 0 KZo (2-2) 2) az \5/(%) > se $5" [ aiaMe" SPS ps aes ow ~comteun we Sz) eg St (2-25) Genetarize ae Fede grad pout in) Bef ls ml Br(asj-2 TL Mz) ae , % nt (2- (2-2) ' 04-23 Ae $ Sz) dz =o 7 © Zo 4 fie cTrgide tar contour Qe Z) = & 5G or) oi “FUT 2 7. § fads on me corto / c pele 20)” 4, 9" (2) = oe § te ear 5. f(z) "StF Se, Ae aa Sn on We cue mt MAA ARARRRARRARARARRRRARARRRAE3 b) g22 a Ae czri)4 Anne” + COSAE~ $ sine ee (2-0 (2-2) a) e = qe -@-» (2-2-2) 2-9 2D ein 72” + cos AZ (mee Castel le [=2 wie 14 oe 2-V . i ie Sinn Zz + COSrz az (2-Ve-2 = § sine nt™ +008 B27 4, ge2 c c . x, +2 z-lFon, Ty LL grey» Snnet + 60872 = 73 p Sener cen nt (20) G2) oo ae 5) = AC (din Ant cos’n 4) = aC 22 $( = ginnz® + cosne™ Ze = \ Ty -= | ani $C4) ~ ant bsin nGS + cos W)] eo —2x«t Spee hes 2 al + Q2nt = +3ab et ee et eee. ee ee ek. oe ok i a a ak ak ck ak ahi ok and oh ck oe ek ck ks es cs lsrt § ip 2 Gant 22 f(z) = ¢ F2- -+ _ so 3) i 2 $3 (¥0) a+ se) ) et ao (2+ > F = ant ke | Az 5) Zo= + ani ax2K2 & Bx2xt zZ ani _-2 j e 3 Evoluate » L_ COSne dz oocounh a scactomaion ath Tat Sty : B vortices %) 2at-o#8 py yah 2ru | s(ay= , Bet : be dee fy yd zw = @-1) (et) 2\2-1 z+b) sft $ COB AZ deg _ i dz ante zB 2-1 2+ eos nz Jy = } em dz = § SSE de | : a4 ' S(z) = cosnz z% = & ea Tou" = + i. ant F (2) The ani $(2e) = | ant cosas) = 2at costs) . = -2xt = - ant Soe or dat ( : ) ee Canis ani) fal = PRPPHOPPPRPAPPARB9VAHNNHAARRRARRAaeeecnneeennani....eiResicluce, “theorem $= * Pole 2 the points of Complex plone. at pticew Exo riple | : : 4(?) = et w funeftorr 4(#) foils 2. +o be. analy bic on. at 2% (F-30 lenocary ob Strgulaiba Zr2% F-3 oo Bingetor. points’ 2 tere toa tyre of ZPzZ 7 gingutortt : eno of a a only ooo. bole ak ow ° eS 30 : ] point 20 yprovided St) we weit Bree ; det o7dBer slagedooribeg pots: : ra _asmgce) MOD ee ot ee (2 -2e) = _ oe s mon finite ( when Mis ~ meamben (aca /omyen) # Residus theonems — Of ao funekion arrange Ania complex phone except at z,, hone, it hos @ pole of ontan ty FO ctose CYR enoleosr2s he point #e pthen § Slz) az = ant R( zs Ze) C whew Zw 'S > point anside c Residue oat 20 | R15 Wnoton a, the, , , ) ) ) ) ) J ) ) ) ) ) ) ) } ) ) ) ) ) ) ’ ; ) ’ ) ) ) ) ) ) ) , ) : | ' feeeie 2) ee) (2 @oay™ > yl2) is anabulie <—sa Now . avnsicler § Seae = 2) Az c G) » (m1) 4 (2) eee = 2255, agi 2” = ant ae (2) @-v! Qni ab mo" te) ~ fo-l 222 ant kt a rt) = am} 272, dem! an-| qe-2) M2) = ort ae aA (m-)! 22% azn Saomd) tnt & §(z=2 ) m-\ n -z,) 42) phen, Ree) = Gop} soe ame te tnoon as Rosita of J(e) oF 28 $$ (2) = dnt a|an n a 5 {e000 , én) 40 , § $050, Gnd) 40 =n 2 6 26 L { f@ax , S sax “0 - : wo (C030, sind) d6 mn. J (058, cinO) de ee ° x (0) 2 ve aA: 9, Fvotube. ( (4 + cos0) A6 212) a? voi Te J (14 cose) Ae 3 lek Ze 2? dz. te ae dz = tz de® dz dO. z dz —- tz z 4 48 ee eee ete: 2 2. gual . 22 mA MAMA AAANANNKEHKSRHMRERARKAERKKKAKRARAKAORE) ae td2 ene" ot =f ee ( 12 ) » Bro | FA \ a ie ee 2 zr exp" (2) = 75 pnt (27> 79) § seat « go zxexd SL) a(e-%) * @ayy Hee FF - _ & 2( 2+) ct) = wre - _t hice cae) 270 ue ant cy z) Az * g,# _ 285 - feos® oO det, i z= e® dz sick? ae >dB = _ tide | 2 “ ome. eso 2 = .2otl 22 3S-—4dceos® = 5H 14 +41) Az = 52 = ae*42- SS z a §Ci az) ( z Se 2244 = $2 az = $i? az 5B HR > pide = fist id2 es __—_ at e-2) (22) > @z-V) (2-2)ia t- § es Hy te Ge 252 pokes ome 4% one 2 “ 2244-221! £62) 2 Az cde * + [$ae55 * $ 2-2 | ae - at $(z) ser) Rle-d) .-4 ue (2) Sexy oy 2 z- xt Qe) Zt 2>4 Zz 3(22 4) eek ~ 3 2 cuxerse &