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    Relative Clauses PDF

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    Soraya Pérez
    This document discusses relative clauses, which provide information about a noun using a relative pronoun such as who, which, that, whose, where, or when. There are two types of relative clauses: defining clauses, which provide essential information about the noun, and non-defining clauses, which provide extra, non-essential information. The relative pronoun used depends on whether the clause refers to a person or thing and its function in the clause.

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    Relative Clauses PDF

    Uploaded by

    Soraya Pérez
    84 views3 pages
    This document discusses relative clauses, which provide information about a noun using a relative pronoun such as who, which, that, whose, where, or when. There are two types of relative clauses: defining clauses, which provide essential information about the noun, and non-defining clauses, which provide extra, non-essential information. The relative pronoun used depends on whether the clause refers to a person or thing and its function in the clause.

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    RELATIVE CLAUSES.pdf

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    This document discusses relative clauses, which provide information about a noun using a relative pronoun such as who, which, that, whose, where, or when. There are two types of relative clauses: defining clauses, which provide essential information about the noun, and non-defining clauses, which provide extra, non-essential information. The relative pronoun used depends on whether the clause refers to a person or thing and its function in the clause.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    84 views3 pages

    Relative Clauses PDF

    Uploaded by

    Soraya Pérez
    This document discusses relative clauses, which provide information about a noun using a relative pronoun such as who, which, that, whose, where, or when. There are two types of relative clauses: defining clauses, which provide essential information about the noun, and non-defining clauses, which provide extra, non-essential information. The relative pronoun used depends on whether the clause refers to a person or thing and its function in the clause.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 3

    RELATIVE CLAUSES

    ● A relative clause is a subordinate clause introduced by a relative pronoun:


    who / which / that / whose / where / when
    ● A relative clause acts as an adjective, so it gives information about a noun in the
    main clause.
    ● The relative pronoun we use depends on the noun we are referring to and the type
    of relative clause.
    ● There are defining relative clauses and non-defining relative clauses.

    DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES: They add essential information about the noun they refer to.

    DEFINING RELATIVE
    PEOPLE THINGS / ANIMALS
    CLAUSES

    SUBJECT who / that which / that

    OBJECT --- / who / that --- / that / which

    PREPOSITION --- / who / that … preposition --- / that / which … preposition

    POSSESSIVE whose whose

    EXAMPLES:

    ▸ Subject:

    The man who / that lives next door is my friend.

    The window which / that was broken has now been repaired.

    ▸ Object:

    The girl (who / that) he is going to marry is American.

    The dress (that / which) Ann bought is very expensive.

    ▸ Preposition:

    The girl (who / that) Tom is talking to is my sister.

    The bed (that / which) I slept in was comfortable.

    ▸ Possessive:

    We saw some people whose car had broken down.

    The book whose cover is torn is mine.


    TIME PLACE
    when
    where
    that / --- (informal ⇨ day, week, time…)

    In an informal use, when the pronoun is preceded by a word like day / week / time…, we can
    use that instead of when or we can omit the pronoun.

    ▸ I will never forget the day when / that / --- my child was born.

    ▸ I know a restaurant where the food is excellent.

    NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES: They give extra information which isn’t necessary.

    NON-DEFINING
    PEOPLE THINGS / ANIMALS
    RELATIVE CLAUSES

    SUBJECT , who … , , which … ,

    OBJECT , who … , , which … ,

    PREPOSITION , who … preposition, , which … preposition,

    POSSESSIVE , whose …, , whose …,

    EXAMPLES:

    ▸ Subject:

    Tom’s father, who is 78 years old, goes swimming every day.

    That book, which was very successful, was written by Shakespeare.

    ▸ Object:

    John Smith, who I met yesterday, is English.

    The party, which we enjoyed very much, was a success.

    ▸ Preposition:

    Mary Clark, who I talked to you about last week, is my sister’s neighbour.

    The subject, which he was speaking about yesterday, was quite important for us.

    ▸ Possessive:

    Rose Hunt, whose son is a famous doctor, lives in New York.

    The house, whose windows are green, is my father’s.


    TIME PLACE

    when where

    When and where can’t be omitted. That can’t be used.

    ▸ December, when Christmas is celebrated, is a summer month for the southern hemisphere.

    ▸ City Park, where we used to go, has been closed down.

    DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DEFINING AND NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES

    DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES

    EXTRA INFORMATION. It is not necessary to


    ESSENTIAL INFORMATION. It is necessary to identify
    identify the person or thing we are talking
    the person or thing we are talking about.
    about.

    NO COMMAS BETWEEN COMMAS

    My sister who lives in London is a teacher. My sister, who lives in London, is a teacher.
    (I have more than one sister) (I have only one sister)

    WE CAN’T USE THAT


    WE CAN USE THAT
    THAT can’t be used instead of WHO / WHICH
    THAT can be used instead of WHO / WHICH.
    His car, WHICH is made in Japan, is red.
    The blue car THAT / WHICH is parked in the garage is
    His car, THAT is made in Japan, is red
    very expensive.
    RELATIVE PRONOUNS CAN’T BE OMITTED
    RELATIVE PRONOUNS CAN BE OMITTED
    We can’t omit WHO / WHICH
    We can omit WHO / WHICH / THAT when they are
    the object.
    The computer, WHICH I use every day, is an
    Asus.
    The computer (WHICH / THAT) I use every day is an
    The computer, I use every day, is an Asus.
    Asus.

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