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Stat 22 SP 21 HW7 Solutions

This document provides solutions to homework problems about sampling and statistics. It addresses questions about sampling from populations with different proportions, the characteristics of sampling distributions, and conditions needed to apply the central limit theorem. Key points include: samples of size 10 are unlikely to exactly match population proportions of 30%/70%; sampling distributions of means from large samples will be normal with expected values matching the population; and the rule for sample means requires a sufficiently large sample size.

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32 views2 pages

Stat 22 SP 21 HW7 Solutions

This document provides solutions to homework problems about sampling and statistics. It addresses questions about sampling from populations with different proportions, the characteristics of sampling distributions, and conditions needed to apply the central limit theorem. Key points include: samples of size 10 are unlikely to exactly match population proportions of 30%/70%; sampling distributions of means from large samples will be normal with expected values matching the population; and the rule for sample means requires a sufficiently large sample size.

Uploaded by

Anonymous Han
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Stat 220 Spring 2021 Homework 7 Solutions

1. Suppose a population contains 30% Republicans and 70% Democrats.


a) Suppose you take a random sample of 10 people from this population. Are you certain that
you would get 3 Republicans and 7 Democrats in your sample? Explain your answer.
No; sample results vary from sample to sample; or the long-term and short-term
probabilities are not the same.
b) Is it possible to get a random sample that does not represent the population well, in terms of
Democrats and Republicans? Explain your answer.
Yes, this can happen just by chance, because sample results vary, especially with small
samples.
c) Suppose you take a random sample of 10 people from this population. Does the rule for
sample proportions apply in this situation? Explain your answer.
No, the sample size is not large enough. the expected number of democrats is only 7,
which is less than the 10 needed for the rule to hold.
d) Suppose you take numerous random samples of size 1,000 from this population. How will the
shape, mean, and standard deviation of the frequency curve for the proportions of Democrats
in the samples differ from the shape, mean, and standard deviation of the frequency curve for
the proportions of Republicans in the samples?
Both will be unimodal, approx. symmetric with an expected value of with an
𝟎𝟎.𝟕𝟕(𝟎𝟎.𝟑𝟑)
SD of � = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. The curve for republicans will be centered at 0.3 and the curve
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎
for democrats will be centered at 0.70.
e) In practice you don’t know the population value, and you take a sample in order to estimate
what the population value is. Once you take a specific sample, is it possible to determine
whether that sample is an accurate reflection of the population? Explain your answer.
No, you would have to know the population value, and you do not, which was the whole
point of taking the sample. Even random samples can be misrepresentative, just by
chance.
Stat 220 Spring 2021 Homework 7 Solutions

2. Suppose that test scores on a particular exam have a mean of 75 and standard deviation of 6, and
that they have a bell-shaped curve.
a) Suppose you take numerous random samples of size 100 from this population. Describe the
shape and give the mean and standard deviation of the distribution of the sample mean, 𝑥𝑥̅ .
𝟔𝟔
Unimodal, approx. symmetric with a mean of 75 and an SD of = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟔𝟔
√𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏

b) Suppose you take a single random sample of size 100 people from this population. What is the
chance that their average test score will be above 75?
Since 75 is the mean, the chance is 50% or 0.5
c) Suppose you take a single random sample of size 100 from this population, and you get a
mean test score of 76. Is this something that you would have expected? Use a probability to
justify your answer.
𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 − 𝟕𝟕𝟓𝟓
𝒛𝒛 = = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔
𝟎𝟎. 𝟔𝟔
About 5% of the mean test scores for a sample of this size will lie at or above 76 (or the
standardized score of 1.67). This would within what is expected for this population.
d) Suppose you randomly select a single individual from this population. Where would you
expect his/her test score to fall?
𝒙𝒙−𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 𝒙𝒙−𝟕𝟕𝟓𝟓
−𝟐𝟐 = ⟹ 𝒙𝒙 = 𝟔𝟔𝟑𝟑 and 𝟐𝟐 = ⟹ 𝒙𝒙 = 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖. Thus, 95% of the time the individual
𝟔𝟔 𝟔𝟔
score would fall between about 63 and 87.
e) Suppose you randomly select a sample of size 100 from this population. Where would you
�−𝟕𝟕𝟓𝟓
𝒙𝒙 �−𝟕𝟕𝟓𝟓
𝒙𝒙
expect their average test score to fall? −𝟐𝟐 = � = 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕. 𝟖𝟖 and 𝟐𝟐 =
⟹ 𝒙𝒙 � = 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕. 𝟐𝟐.
⟹ 𝒙𝒙
𝟎𝟎.𝟔𝟔 𝟎𝟎.𝟔𝟔
Thus, 95% of the time the mean scores would fall between about 73.8 and 76.2.
f) Suppose that the test scores are not bell-shaped but are skewed to the right. You want to take a
random sample and estimate the average test scored for this population. You want to be able
to use the rule of sample means to interpret your results in this case. Under what (if any)
conditions is this possible?
You can use the normal curve only if the sample is large enough (at least 30).

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