07_Application Guide-Stream_REV_0705.

pdf 1 7/6/2012 11:25:32 AM

Application Guideline
Semi-Hermetic Stream Compressors
4MF-13X to 6MK-50X

CM

MY

CY

CMY

K
 07_Application Guide-Stream_REV_0705.pdf 2 7/6/2012 11:25:33 AM

1 Safety instructions ......................................................................................... 1

1.1 Icon explanation ............................................................................................................ 1
1.2 Safety statements ......................................................................................................... 1
1.3 General instructions ...................................................................................................... 2
2 Product description ....................................................................................... 3
2.1 Common information about Copeland® brand products semi-hermetic Stream
compressors ......................................................................................................................... 3
2.2 About this guideline ....................................................................................................... 3
2.3 Nomenclature................................................................................................................ 4
2.4 Nameplate information .................................................................................................. 4
2.5 Application range .......................................................................................................... 4
2.5.1 Qualified refrigerants and oils ............................................................................. 4
2.6 Design features ............................................................................................................. 5
2.6.1 Compressor construction ................................................................................... 5
2.6.2 Compressor cooling ........................................................................................... 5
2.6.3 Demand cooling ................................................................................................. 5

C
2.6.4 Unloaded start ................................................................................................... 5
M 2.6.5 Capacity control ................................................................................................. 6
Y
2.6.6 Oil pumps .......................................................................................................... 6
CM
2.6.7 Oil pressure ....................................................................................................... 6
MY
2.6.8 Oil circulation ..................................................................................................... 6
CY

2.6.9 Oil level.............................................................................................................. 6

CMY

K
2.6.10 Application limits ................................................................................................ 7
3 Installation ..................................................................................................... 8
3.1 Compressor handling .................................................................................................... 8
3.1.1 Delivery.............................................................................................................. 8
3.1.2 Transport and storage ........................................................................................ 8
3.1.3 Positioning and securing .................................................................................... 8
3.1.4 Installation location............................................................................................. 9
3.1.5 Mounting parts ................................................................................................... 9
3.2 Pressure safety controls ................................................................................................ 9
3.2.1 High-pressure control ......................................................................................... 9
3.2.2 Low-pressure control.......................................................................................... 9
3.2.3 Maximum operating pressures ......................................................................... 10
3.3 Brazing procedure ....................................................................................................... 10
3.4 Screens ...................................................................................................................... 10
4 Electrical connection ................................................................................... 11
4.1 General recommendations .......................................................................................... 11
4.2 Electrical installation .................................................................................................... 11
4.2.1 Three-phase motors ......................................................................................... 11

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4.2.2 Star / Delta motors (Y/∆) – Code E ................................................................... 11

4.2.3 Part winding motors (YY/Y) – Code A ............................................................... 11
4.3 Wiring diagrams .......................................................................................................... 11
4.3.1 Wiring diagram for part winding motors (AW…) ................................................ 12
4.3.2 Wiring diagram for Star / Delta motors (EW…) ................................................. 13
4.4 Protection devices ....................................................................................................... 14
4.5 CoreSense™ Diagnostics ........................................................................................... 14
4.6 Crankcase heaters ...................................................................................................... 15
5 Starting up & operation................................................................................ 16
5.1 Leak test ..................................................................................................................... 16
5.2 System evacuation ...................................................................................................... 16
5.3 Preliminary checks – Pre-starting ................................................................................ 16
5.4 Charging procedure..................................................................................................... 16
5.5 Initial start-up .............................................................................................................. 17
5.6 Minimum run time........................................................................................................ 17
5.7 Recommended inverter range ..................................................................................... 17

C
6 Maintenance & repair ................................................................................... 18
M 6.1 Exchanging the refrigerant .......................................................................................... 18
Y
6.2 Replacing a compressor .............................................................................................. 18
CM
6.3 Lubrication and oil removal .......................................................................................... 18
6.4 Oil additives ................................................................................................................ 19
MY

CY

6.5 Unbrazing system components.................................................................................... 19

CMY

K
7 Dismantling & disposal................................................................................ 19

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1 Safety instructions

instructions
Copeland® brand products semi-hermetic compressors are manufactured according to the latest

Safety
European safety standards. Particular emphasis has been placed on the user’s safety.
These compressors are intended for installation in systems according to the EC Machines
directive. They may be put to service only if they have been installed in these systems according
to instructions and conform to the corresponding provisions of legislation. For relevant standards
please refer to Manufacturers Declaration, available on request.
These instructions should be retained throughout the lifetime of the compressor.

description
Product
You are strongly advised to follow these safety instructions.

1.1 Icon explanation

WARNING CAUTION
This icon indicates instructions to This icon indicates instructions to
avoid personal injury and material avoid property damage and possible
damage. personal injury.

Installation
High voltage IMPORTANT
This icon indicates operations with a This icon indicates instructions to
danger of electric shock. avoid malfunction of the compressor.
Danger of burning or frostbite This word indicates a
This icon indicates operations with a NOTE recommendation for easier operation.
C danger of burning or frostbite.
Explosion hazard

connection
Electrical
M

Y
This icon indicates operations with a
danger of explosion.
CM

MY
1.2 Safety statements
CY
 Refrigerant compressors must be employed only for their intended use.
CMY  Only qualified and authorized HVAC or refrigeration personnel are permitted to install,
commission and maintain this equipment.

Starting up &
K

operation
 Electrical connections must be made by qualified electrical personnel.
 All valid standards for connecting electrical and refrigeration equipment must be
observed.

Use personal safety equipment. Safety goggles, gloves,

protective clothing, safety boots and hard hats should be worn
where necessary.
Maintenance &
repair
Dismantling &
disposal

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1.3 General instructions

WARNING
System breakdown! Personal injuries! Never install a system in the field
and leave it unattended when it has no charge, a holding charge, or with the
service valves closed without electrically locking out the system.
System breakdown! Personal injuries! Only approved refrigerants and
refrigeration oils must be used.

WARNING
High shell temperature! Burning! Do not touch the compressor until it has
cooled down. Ensure that other materials in the area of the compressor do
not get in touch with it. Lock and mark accessible sections.

CAUTION
Overheating! Bearing damage! Do not operate compressors without
refrigerant charge or without being connected to the system.

IMPORTANT
Transit damage! Compressor malfunction! Use original packaging. Avoid
collisions and tilting.

CM

MY

CY

CMY

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2 Product description

instructions
Safety
2.1 Common information about Copeland® brand products semi-hermetic
Stream compressors
This manual covers semi-hermetic Stream compressors. The semi-hermetic reciprocating
compressor family consists of different ranges. The Stream series of 4M* and 6M* models range
from 13 hp to 50 hp.

description
Product
Installation
C

connection
Electrical
M

CM

MY

CY

CMY

Starting up &
K

operation
Table 1: Stream compressor range and performance - PRELIMINARY DATA

Semi-hermetic Stream compressors are suitable for a wide range of applications in the form of
either single compressors, condensing units or as multi-compressor equipment.
Maintenance &
The compressor is only one component which must be combined with many others to build a
functional and efficient refrigeration system.
repair

Therefore the information in this manual relates to all semi-hermetic Stream compressors
with standard equipment and accessories only.

2.2 About this guideline

This guideline is intended to enable users to ensure the safe installation, starting, operation and
maintenance of semi-hermetic compressors.
Dismantling &
disposal

This guideline is not intended to replace the system expertise available from system
manufacturers.

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2.3 Nomenclature
The model designation contains the following technical information about the Stream
compressors:

2.4 Nameplate information

All important information for identification of the compressor is printed on the nameplate located
below the compressor oil pump.
The type of refrigerant used should be stamped on the nameplate by the installer.
C

M
The date of production indicates the year and week of production. The year and month of
production are also part of the serial number (Jan. = A, Feb. = B, ... Dec. = L).
Y

CM

MY

CY

CMY

Figure 1

2.5 Application range

2.5.1 Qualified refrigerants and oils
IMPORTANT
It is essential that the glide of refrigerant blends (primarily R407C) is carefully
considered when adjusting pressure and superheat controls.

Oil recharge values can be taken from Copeland® brand products Selection Software on
www.emersonclimate.eu.

Qualified refrigerants R404A, R407 series, R134a, R22, R507

Copeland® brand
Emkarate RL 32 3MAF
products standard oil
Emkarate RL 32 3MAF
Servicing oil
Mobil EAL Arctic 22 CC
Table 2: Qualified refrigerants and oils for recharging and topping up

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To recharge:
 When the compressor is completely empty of oil, the amount of oil to be “recharged” is

instructions
typically 0.12 litre less than the original oil charge (oil will already be around the system).

Safety
To top up:
 During commissioning, planned maintenance or servicing, add oil so that the compressor oil
level is correct.

2.6 Design features

2.6.1 Compressor construction

description
Product
All compressors are fitted with Stream valve plates which cannot be dismantled. To maintain the
high capacity of these compressors the correct valve-plate-to-body gasket must always be
selected in case of exchange.
Each cylinder head has 2 plugged 1/8" - 27
NPTF tapped holes for connecting high-
pressure switches.
These high-pressure switches must be

Installation
calibrated and tested before putting the
compressor into service. They must stop the
compressor if the allowable pressure is
exceeded.
The complete cylinder head is under
C
discharge pressure.

connection
Electrical
M

Figure 2
Y

CM
2.6.2 Compressor cooling
MY Compressor motors must always be cooled, and cylinder head cooling may also be needed at
CY
certain operating conditions.
CMY
All Stream compressors are suction gas-cooled. With suction gas-cooled compressors, the
motor is cooled by refrigerant gas that is led over the motor. An additional fan may be required

Starting up &
depending upon the operation conditions (see Copeland® brand products Selection Software on
K

operation
www.emersonclimate.eu).
2.6.3 Demand cooling
“Demand Cooling” as the term implies means liquid refrigerant injection on demand.
If a low-temperature R22 installation is required the following compressors can be equipped with
a “Demand Cooling” accessory kit: Maintenance &

4MF-13X 4ML-15X 4MM-20X 4MT-22X 4MU-25X

repair

6MM-30X 6MT-35X 6MU-40X

NOTE: R22 is no longer allowed for new refrigeration systems in Europe.
2.6.4 Unloaded start
With direct starting the motor of a compressor is switched directly into the mains by means of a
switch. The resulting breakaway starting current amounts to multiple times the rated motor
Dismantling &

current (operating maximum), without consideration being given to transient phenomena. In the
disposal

case of high-powered motors the breakaway starting currents become so large that they lead to
disruptive voltage dips in the mains. The compressors that are subject to current limitation must
therefore by all means be equipped with starting load reduction to guarantee perfect starting
even when the voltages amount to less than approximately 85% of the voltage on the
nameplate.

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2.6.5 Capacity control

For 4M* and 6M* compressors a mechanical capacity control is available. The system used is
blocked suction. Be aware that unloaded operation changes the application range of the
compressor.
NOTE: For the application range of the compressors with capacity control, refer to
Technical Information D7.21.2 “Stream semi-hermetic compressor capacity control”.
2.6.6 Oil pumps
The oil pumps used for Stream compressors are independent of their rotating direction. Stream
compressors are delivered with CoreSense™ Diagnostics. The oil pump integrates the electronic
switch for integrating oil pressure safety functionality.
2.6.7 Oil pressure
Normal oil pressure is between 1.05 and 4.2 bar higher than crankcase pressure. Net oil
pressure can be read by connecting two pressure gauges to the compressor and comparing the
readings. One gauge should be connected to the oil pump. The second gauge should be
connected to the crankcase (T-fitting instead of plug on the compressor crankcase) or the
suction service valve.
During irregular operating conditions, eg, a blockage of the suction filter, the pressure measured
at the suction shut-off valve of the compressor may differ widely from that measured at the
crankcase therefore pressure drops have to be avoided.
2.6.8 Oil circulation

C
Oil returns with the suction gases through a suction strainer and separates in the motor chamber
reaching the crankcase by way of an oil return relief valve in the partition between motor housing
M
and crankcase. This relief valve closes on compressor start-up due to the pressure difference
Y arising between motor side and crankcase, thus slowing down pressure decrease in the
CM
crankcase over a certain period of time. It reduces the foaming of the oil/refrigerant mixture that
would occur if the pressure decreased rapidly. The valve does not reopen until the pressure has
MY
been equalized by means of a crankcase ventilating valve. This second valve connects the
CY crankcase and suction side cylinder head. It reduces the pressure difference by means of a very
CMY
small bore in the plate of the valve so slowly that oil foams less and only limited oil/refrigerant
foam is transferred to the oil pump.
K

Four-cylinder compressors have one crankcase ventilating valve on the left cylinder bank
whereas six-cylinder compressors have two ventilating valves on the left and right cylinder
banks.
2.6.9 Oil level
All compressors are delivered with sufficient oil for normal operation (see Table 2). The optimum
oil level should be checked by operating the compressor until the system is stable and then
comparing the sight glass reading with the appropriate diagram below. Oil level should be min ⅛
and max ¼ of sight glass. For service compressors when an oil regulator is used the oil level
should be min ⅛ and max ¾ of sight glass. The level can also be checked within 10 seconds of
compressor shut-down. For 4M* and 6M* compressors a higher oil level may be accepted when
an oil regulator is in use because the oil separator will reduce excessive oil circulation.

Figure 3: 4M* and 6M* compressors

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2.6.10 Application limits

1)
4MF1-13X, 4ML1-15X 4MA1-22X , 4MH1-25X

instructions
2) 2) 2)
4MM1-20X, 4MT1-22X, 4MU1-25X 4MI1-30X , 4MJ1-30X2 , 4MK1-32X

Safety
6MM1-30X, 6MT1-35X, 6MU1-40X 6MI1-40X, 6MJ1-45X, 6MK1-50X
60 60

55 55

50 50
Condensing Temperature (oC)

Condensing Temperature (oC)

45 45

40 40

description
35 35

Product
30 30 R404A
R404A
25 25

20 20

15 15

10 10

5 5

Installation
0 0
-55 -50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 -50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15
Evaporating Temperature (oC) Evaporating Temperature (oC)

20K Suction Superheat

0oC Suction Gas Return
25oC Suction Gas Return

connection
65 85

Electrical
M

80
Y 60
75
55
Condensing Temperature (oC)
Condensing Temperature (oC)

CM 70

MY
50 65
60
45
CY
55
40
CMY
R134a 50
35 45 R134a

Starting up &
K
40

operation
30
35
25
30
20 25
20
15
15
10
10
5 5 Maintenance &
-25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
20K Suction Superheat
Evaporating Temperature (oC) Evaporating Temperature (oC)
0oC Suction Gas Return
repair

25oC Suction Gas Return 20K Suction Superheat 1)

2)
Figure 4: Application envelopes for compressors used with R404A and R134a

NOTE: For application envelopes with other refrigerants please refer to Copeland® brand
products Selection Software on www.emersonclimate.eu.
Dismantling &
disposal

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3 Installation
WARNING
High pressure! Injury to skin and eyes possible! Be careful when
opening connections on a pressurized item.

3.1 Compressor handling

3.1.1 Delivery
Please check whether the delivery is correct and complete. Any deficiency should be reported
immediately in writing.
Standard delivery:
 Suction and discharge shut-off valves
 Oil charge, oil sight glass
 Mounting kit
 CoreSense™ Diagnostics module
 Holding charge up to 2.5 bar(g) (dry air)
3.1.2 Transport and storage
WARNING
Risk of collapse! Personal injuries! Move compressors only with
appropriate mechanical or handling equipment according to weight. Keep in
the upright position. Stack pallets on top of each other when not exceeding
C 300 kg. Do not stack single boxes on top of each other. Keep the packaging
M
dry at all times.
Y

CM

MY

CY

CMY

Figure 5

Compressors are individually packed and may be delivered on pallets depending on quantity and
size. Cooling fans are delivered in separate cartons. Accessories may be mounted or delivered
loose. Solenoid valves are never mounted.
3.1.3 Positioning and securing
IMPORTANT
Handling damage! Compressor malfunction! Only use the lifting eyes
whenever the compressor requires positioning. Using discharge or suction
connections for lifting may cause damage or leaks.

If possible, the compressor should be kept vertical during handling.

For safety reasons two lifting eyes should be fitted before moving a compressor (½" - 13 UNC).
Otherwise refer to drawings on Figure 6 to see how to apply other lifting methods.
In order to avoid refrigerant leaks or other damage the compressors should not be lifted by the
service valves or other accessories.

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4M* 6M*
max. 220 kg max. 260 kg

instructions
Safety
description
Product
Figure 6

3.1.4 Installation location

Ensure the compressors are installed on a solid level base.
3.1.5 Mounting parts

Installation
To minimize vibration and start/stop impulses flexible mounting should be used. For this purpose
one set of spring mounting parts for each of the Stream models is delivered with each 4M* and
6M* compressor.
Due to differences in weight (cylinder/motor side) different springs have to be used on both
sides. Springs have different colours for easier identification: violet on motor side and orange on
cylinder side.
C

connection
M

Electrical
Y
Transport
clamp
CM

MY

CY

CMY

Starting up &
K

operation
Transport position Operational position
Figure 7

When Stream compressors are mounted in racks rubber mounting parts should be used.
A compressor may be rigidly mounted, ie, without springs. In this case more shock and vibration
Maintenance &
loading will be transmitted to the frame.
repair

If the installation requires a very high level of vibration absorption, additional vibration absorbers
- available on the market - can be fitted between the rails and the foundation.

3.2 Pressure safety controls

3.2.1 High-pressure control
A high-pressure control with a maximum cut-out setting of 28 bar(g) is required.
Dismantling &

The high-pressure cut-out should have a manual reset feature for the highest level of system
disposal

protection.
3.2.2 Low-pressure control
The normal minimum cut-out setting is 0.1 bar(g) for R404A.
The low-pressure cut-out should have a manual reset feature for the highest level of system
protection.

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3.2.3 Maximum operating pressures

Maximum operating pressures according to EN 12693 shown on the compressor nameplate are
obligatory and must not be exceeded.
 High-pressure side (HP): 28.0 bar
 Low-pressure side (LP): 22.5 bar
NOTE: The compressor operating range may be restricted for various reasons. Check the
application range limitations in Copeland® brand products Selection Software on
www.emersonclimate.eu.

3.3 Brazing procedure

IMPORTANT
Blockage! Compressor breakdown! Maintain a flow of oxygen-free
nitrogen through the system at very low pressure during brazing. Nitrogen
displaces the air and prevents the formation of copper oxides in the system.
If allowed to form, the copper oxide material can later be swept through the
system and block screens such as those protecting capillary tubes, thermal
expansion valves, and accumulator oil return holes.
Contamination or moisture! Bearing failure! Do not remove the plugs until
the compressor is set into the unit. This minimises any entry of contaminants
and moisture.

Figure 8 shows the proper procedures for brazing the suction and discharge lines.
 The copper-coated steel tubes on Stream
compressors can be brazed in approximately the
C

M
same manner as any copper tube.
Y  Recommended brazing materials: any silfos
CM
material is recommended, preferably with a minimum
of 5% silver. However, 0% silver is acceptable.
MY
 Be sure tube fitting inner diameter and tube outer
CY
diameter are clean prior to assembly.
CMY
 Using a double-tipped torch, apply heat in area 1.
K Figure 8: Suction tube brazing  As the tube approaches brazing temperature,
move the torch flame to area 2.
 Heat area 2 until braze temperature is attained, moving the torch up and down and rotating
around the tube as necessary to heat the tube evenly. Add braze material to the joint while
moving the torch around the joint to flow braze material around the circumference.
 After the braze material flows around the joint, move the torch to heat area 3. This will draw
the braze material down into the joint. The time spent heating area 3 should be minimal.
 As with any brazed joint, overheating may be detrimental to the final result.
To disconnect:
 Heat joint areas 2 and 3 slowly and uniformly until the braze material softens and the tube
can be pulled out of the fitting.
To reconnect:
 Recommended brazing materials: Silfos with minimum 5% silver or silver braze used on
other compressors.

3.4 Screens
CAUTION
Screen blocking! Compressor breakdown! Use screens with at least
0.6 mm openings.

The use of screens finer than 30 x 30 mesh (0.6 mm openings) anywhere in the system should
be avoided with these compressors. Field experience has shown that finer mesh screens used
to protect thermal expansion valves, capillary tubes or accumulators can become temporarily or
permanently plugged with normal system debris and block the flow of either oil or refrigerant to
the compressor. Such blockage can result in compressor failure.

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4 Electrical connection

instructions
4.1 General recommendations

Safety
The compressor terminal box has a wiring diagram on the inside of its cover. Before connecting
the compressor, ensure the supply voltage, the phases and the frequency match the nameplate
data.

4.2 Electrical installation

4.2.1 Three-phase motors

description
Product
All compressors can be started direct-on-line.
The necessary position of bridges for direct-on-line start (depending on type of motor and/or
mains voltage) is shown in Chapter 4.3 Wiring diagrams.
4.2.2 Star / Delta motors (Y/∆) – Code E
With the help of bridges, this motor is interchangeable for star (Y) or delta (∆) operation. It is
suitable for two voltages, eg, 230V in delta, 400V in star connection. If the supply voltage and

Installation
the nominal voltage of the motor in ∆-connection are identical, the star connection motor can
also be used for starting (remove the bridges!).
4.2.3 Part winding motors (YY/Y) – Code A
PWS motors contain two separate windings (2/3 + 1/3) which are internally connected in star
and operated in parallel. You cannot change the voltage by changing the electrical connections
C
as the motor is only suitable for one voltage.
The first part winding, ie, the 2/3 winding on terminals 1-2-3, can be used for part-winding start

connection
Electrical
M

Y
(remove the bridges!). After a time delay of 1 ± 0.1 seconds the second part winding, ie, the 1/3
winding on terminals 7-8-9, must be brought on line.
CM

MY 4.3 Wiring diagrams

CY
The position of the jumpers in the terminal box and the recommended wiring diagrams are
CMY shown in Figures 9 and 10.

Starting up &
K

operation
Maintenance &
repair
Dismantling &
disposal

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4.3.1 Wiring diagram for part winding motors (AW…)

Part winding motors can be connected direct-on-line or part-winding start.
Part-winding start
Direct-on-line start
First start step 1–2-3
Y-Y
Y-Y

Part-winding motor:
Y–Y
Code A

CM

MY

CY

CMY

Legend
A4 ........Sensor module K1 ....... Contactor M1
A5 ........Terminal box compressor K4 ....... Contactor M1 for second part winding
CCH.....Crankcase heater M2....... Fan motor/condenser
F6 ........Fuse for control circuit M21..... Fan motor/condenser
F7 ........Fuse for control circuit R2 ....... Crankcase heater
F8 ........Fuse for control circuit Y21 ..... Solenoid valve capacity control 1
F10 ......Thermal protection switch M2 Y22 ..... Solenoid valve capacity control 2
Figure 9

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4.3.2 Wiring diagram for Star / Delta motors (EW…)

Star / Delta motors can be connected direct-on-line or Star / Delta start.

instructions
Safety
Direct-on-line start Direct-on-line start Star / Delta start
∆ Y Y-∆
Star / Delta
motor
Y-∆
Code E

description
Product
Installation
C

connection
Electrical
M

CM

MY

CY

CMY

Starting up &
K

operation
Maintenance &
repair
Dismantling &

Legend
disposal

A4 ........Sensor module K2 ....... Y - Contactor M1

A5 ........Terminal box compressor K3 ....... _ - Contactor M1
CCH.....Crankcase heater M2....... Fan motor/condenser
F6 ........Fuse for control circuit M21..... Fan motor/condenser
F7 ........Fuse for control circuit R2 ....... Crankcase heater
F8 ........Fuse for control circuit Y21 ..... Solenoid valve capacity control 1
F10 ......Thermal protection switch M2 Y22 ..... Solenoid valve capacity control 2
K1 ........Contactor M1
Figure 10

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4.4 Protection devices

Independently from the internal motor protection, fuses must be installed before the compressor.
The selection of fuses has to be carried out according to VDE 0635, DIN 57635, IEC 269-1or
EN 60-269-1.

4.5 CoreSense™ Diagnostics

CoreSense™ Diagnostics for all 4M* and 6M* Stream semi-hermetic compressors combines oil
and motor protection into one module, replacing OPS1/2 and the electronic module INT69TM. In
addition it provides advanced protection such as high discharge temperature, locked rotor,
single/missing phase, voltage imbalance and low voltage protection. The module is capable of
®
communication via Modbus protocol. An external overload protection is not necessary.

CM

MY

CY

CMY

Figure 11: CoreSense™ Diagnostics module

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 07_Application Guide-Stream_REV_0705.pdf 18 7/6/2012 11:25:34 AM

For the electrical connection of the CoreSense™ Diagnostics module, please refer to wiring
diagram below:

instructions
Safety
description
Product
Installation
Figure 12: CoreSense™ wiring diagram

NOTE: For more information please refer to Technical Information D7.8.4 “CoreSense™
Diagnostics for Stream refrigeration compressors”.
C

4.6 Crankcase heaters

connection
M

Electrical
Y
IMPORTANT
Oil dilution! Bearing malfunction! Turn the crankcase heater on 12 hours
CM
before starting the compressor.
MY

CY
A crankcase heater is used to prevent refrigerant migrating into the shell during standstill
periods. Heaters for 4M* and 6M* compressors are screwed into a sleeve (see Figure 13).
CMY

The crankcase heater is available in 120V, 230V and 480V.

Starting up &
K

operation
The operation of 120V and 230V crankcase heater is controlled by the CoreSense™ Diagnostics
module, this is not possible with the 480V heater.

Maintenance &
repair

Figure 13: 100 Watt crankcase heater element

Dismantling &
disposal

C6.3.1/0112/E 15
 07_Application Guide-Stream_REV_0705.pdf 19 7/6/2012 11:25:34 AM

5 Starting up & operation

WARNING
Diesel effect! Compressor destruction! The mixture of air and oil at high
temperature can lead to an explosion. Avoid operating with air.

5.1 Leak test

The suction shut-off valve and discharge shut-off valve on the compressor must remain closed
during pressure testing to prevent air and moisture from entering the compressor. The test
pressure (dried nitrogen) must not exceed 20.5 bar provided no other system component’s
pressure is lower. In this case the lower pressure is the test pressure.

5.2 System evacuation

Before the installation is put into commission, remove the holding charge then evacuate with a
vacuum pump. Proper evacuation reduces residual moisture to 50 ppm. The installation of
adequately sized access valves at the furthest point from the compressor in the suction and
liquid lines is advisable. To achieve undisturbed operation the compressor valves are closed and
the system is evacuated down to 0.3 mbar / 0.225 Torr. Pressure must be measured using a
vacuum pressure (Torr) gauge on the access valves and not on the vacuum pump; this serves to
avoid incorrect measurements resulting from the pressure gradient along the connecting lines to
the pump. Then the compressor must be evacuated.
Due to the factory holding charge of dry air the compressor is under pressure (about 1 to
2.5 bar), this is to indicate the compressor does not leak.
C

When plugs are removed from the compressor in order to connect a pressure gauge or to fill in
oil, the plug may pop out under pressure and oil can spurt out.
M

CM 5.3 Preliminary checks – Pre-starting

MY
Discuss details of the installation with the installer. If possible, obtain drawings, wiring diagrams,
CY etc. It is ideal to use a check-list but always check the following:
CMY
 Visual check of the electrics, wiring, fuses etc.
K
 Visual check of the plant for leaks, loose fittings such as TXV bulbs etc.
 Compressor oil level
 Calibration of HP & LP switches and any pressure actuated valves
 Check setting and operation of all safety features and protection devices
 All valves in the correct running position
 Pressure and compound gauges fitted
 Correctly charged with refrigerant
 Compressor electrical isolator location & position

5.4 Charging procedure

CAUTION
Low suction pressure operation! Compressor Damage! Do not operate
with a restricted suction. Do not operate with the low-pressure cut-out
bridged.

The system should be liquid-charged through the liquid-receiver shut-off valve or through a valve
in the liquid line. The use of a filter drier in the charging line is highly recommended. The majority
of the charge should be placed in the high side of the system to prevent bearing washout during
first-time start on the assembly line.

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5.5 Initial start-up

CAUTION

instructions
Oil dilution! Bearing malfunction! It is important to ensure that new

Safety
compressors are not subjected to liquid abuse. Turn the crankcase heater on
12 hours before starting the compressor.

CAUTION
High discharge pressure operation! Compressor damage! Do not use
compressor to test opening set point of high-pressure cut-out.

description
The compressor must be equipped according to our technical documentation considering the

Product
application intended. Make sure of this before start-up.
For brazing connections where dissimilar or ferric metals are joined a silver alloy rod with a
minimum of 30% silver shall be used being either flux coated or with a separate flux.
Bolt torque settings are listed in Appendix.
With the exception of rubber-coated metallic gaskets (Wolverine) all gaskets should be oiled
before fitting. O-rings should also be oiled.

Installation
A compressor should never be operated beyond its approved application range! Check
by consulting the appropriate data sheet. To avoid motor damage the compressor MUST
NOT be started, nor may high-potential testing be carried out under vacuum

5.6 Minimum run time

Emerson Climate Technologies recommends a maximum of 10 starts per hour. The most critical
C

consideration is the minimum run time required to return oil to the compressor after start-up.

connection
M

Electrical
Y

CM
5.7 Recommended inverter range
MY Stream compressors are released for inverter applications from Control Techniques or other
CY
brands available on the market.
CMY

Starting up &
K

operation
Maintenance &
repair
Dismantling &
disposal

C6.3.1/0112/E 17
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6 Maintenance & repair

6.1 Exchanging the refrigerant

Qualified refrigerants and oils are given in Chapter 2.5.1.
It is not necessary to replace the refrigerant with new unless contamination due to an error such
as topping up the system with an incorrect refrigerant is suspected. To verify correct refrigerant
composition, a sample can be taken for chemical analysis. A check can be made during shut
down by comparing the refrigerant temperature and pressure using precision measurements at a
location in the system where liquid and vapour phases are present and when the temperatures
have stabilised.
In the event that the refrigerant needs replacing, the charge should be recovered using a
suitable recovery unit.
In the event that R22 in a system with mineral oil is to be replaced with R407C or R404A, the oil
must also be changed. Please refer to Technical Information C7.26.1 "Refrigerant Changeover
from HCFC to HFC Refrigerants".

6.2 Replacing a compressor

CAUTION
Inadequate lubrication! Bearing destruction! Exchange the accumulator
after replacing a compressor with a burned out motor. The accumulator oil
return orifice or screen may be plugged with debris or may become plugged.
C
This will result in starvation of oil to the new compressor and a second
failure.
M

Y
In the case of a motor burnout, the majority of contaminated oil will be removed with the
CM compressor. The rest of the oil is cleaned through the use of suction and liquid line filter driers. A
MY
100% activated alumna suction line filter drier is recommended but must be removed after 72
hours. It is highly recommended that the suction accumulator be replaced if the system
CY
contains one. This is because the accumulator oil-return orifice or screen may be plugged with
CMY debris or may become plugged shortly after a compressor failure. This will result in starvation of
K oil to the replacement compressor and a second failure. When a single compressor or tandem is
exchanged in the field, it is possible that a major portion of the oil may still be in the system.
While this may not affect the reliability of the replacement compressor, the extra oil will add to
rotor drag and increase power usage.

6.3 Lubrication and oil removal

CAUTION
Chemical reaction! Compressor destruction! Do not mix up ester oils with
mineral oil and/or alkyl benzene when used with chlorine-free (HFC)
refrigerants.

The compressor is supplied with an initial oil charge. The standard oil charge for use with
refrigerants R404A / R407A / R407C / R407F / R134a is a polyolester (POE) lubricant Emkarate
RL 32 3MAF. In the field the oil level could be topped up with Mobil EAL Arctic 22 CC if 3MAF is
not available. The standard mineral oil for R22 is Suniso 3GS.
One disadvantage of POE is that it is far more hygroscopic than mineral oil (see Figure 14).
Only brief exposure to ambient air is needed for POE to absorb sufficient moisture to make it
unacceptable for use in a refrigeration system. Since POE holds moisture more readily than
mineral oil it is more difficult to remove it through the use of vacuum. Compressors supplied by
Emerson Climate Technologies contain oil with low moisture content, and it may rise during the
system assembling process. Therefore it is recommended that a properly sized filter-drier is
installed in all POE systems. This will maintain the moisture level in the oil to less than 50 ppm. If
oil is charged into a system, it is recommended to use POE with a moisture content no higher
than 50 ppm.

18 C6.3.1/0112/E
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The diagram below compares the hygroscopic characteristics of POE oil with mineral oil
(moisture absorption in PPM at 25°C and 50% relative humidity).

instructions
Safety
description
Product
Figure 14: Absorption of moisture in ester oil in comparison to mineral oil in ppm by weight at 25°C and 50%
relative humidity (h=hours)

If the moisture content of the oil in a refrigeration system reaches unacceptably high levels,
corrosion and copper plating may occur. The system should be evacuated down to 0.3 mbar or
lower. If there is uncertainty as to the moisture content in the system, an oil sample should be

Installation
taken and tested for moisture. Sight glass/moisture indicators currently available can be used
with the HFC refrigerants and lubricants; however, the moisture indicator will just show the
moisture content of the refrigerant. The actual moisture level of POE would be higher than the
sight glass indicates. This is due to the high hygroscopicity of the POE oil. To determine the
actual moisture content of the lubricant, samples have to be taken from the system and
analysed.

6.4 Oil additives

C

connection
Electrical
M

Although Emerson Climate Technologies cannot comment on any specific product, from our own
testing and past experience, we do not recommend the use of any additives to reduce
Y

CM
compressor bearing losses or for any other purpose. Furthermore, the long term chemical
MY stability of any additive in the presence of refrigerant, low and high temperatures, and materials
CY
commonly found in refrigeration systems is complex and difficult to evaluate without rigorously
controlled chemical laboratory testing. The use of additives without adequate testing may result
CMY
in malfunction or premature failure of components in the system and, in specific cases, in voiding

Starting up &
K the warranty on the component.

operation
6.5 Unbrazing system components
WARNING
Explosive flame! Burning! Oil-refrigerant mixtures are highly flammable.
Remove all refrigerant before opening the system. Avoid working with an
unshielded flame in a refrigerant charged system. Maintenance &

Before opening up a system it is important to remove all refrigerant from both the high and low
sides of the system. If the refrigerant charge is removed from a scroll-equipped unit from the
repair

high side only, it is possible for the scrolls to seal, preventing pressure equalization through the
compressor. This may leave the low side shell and suction line tubing pressurized. If a brazing
torch is then applied to the low side while the low side shell and suction line contain pressure,
the pressurized refrigerant and oil mixture could ignite when it escapes and contacts the brazing
flame. To prevent this occurrence, it is important to check both the high and low sides with
manifold gauges before unbrazing. Instructions should be provided in appropriate product
Dismantling &

literature and assembly (line repair) areas. If compressor removal is required, the compressor
should be cut out of system rather than unbrazed.
disposal

7 Dismantling & disposal

Removing oil and refrigerant:
Do not disperse in the environment.
Use the correct equipment and method of removal.
Dispose of oil and refrigerant properly.
Dispose of compressor properly.

C6.3.1/0112/E 19
 07_Application Guide-Stream_REV_0705.pdf 23 7/6/2012 11:25:34 AM

8 Appendix1: Stream Compressor Connections

4M
4MF-13X 4ML-15X 4MM-20X 4MT-22X 4MU-25X
4MA-22X 4MH-25X 4MI1-30X 4MJ-30X, 4MK-32X

Suction line size (sweat) Discharge line size (sweat)

SL 4MF13X, 4ML15X, 4MA22X, Ø 1 5/8" DL 4MF13X, 4ML15X, 4MA22X, Ø 1 1/8"
4MM20X, 4MH25X, 4MI30X, 4MM20X, 4MH25X, 4MI30X,
Suction line size (sweat) Discharge line size (sweat)
SL 4MT22X,4MJ33X, 4MU25X, Ø 2 1/8" DL 4MT22X,4MJ33X, 4MU25X, Ø 1 3/8"
C
4Mk35X, 4Mk35X,
M 1 Base mountings Ø 25.5 mm 5 Crankcase heater
Y
2 Magnetic plug 1" - 16 UN 6 Plug low-pressure connection 1/4"
CM
3 Oil sight glass 1/4"-20 UNC 7 Plug high-pressure connection 1/8"
MY
4 Plug low-pressure connection 1/8"
CY

CMY

6M
6MM1-30X, 6MT1-35X, 6MU1-40X 6MI1-40X, 6MJ1-45X, 6MK1-50X
K

Suction line size (sweat) Discharge line size (sweat)

SL 6MM30X, 6MT35X, Ø 2 1/8" DL 6MT35X, 6MU-40X, Ø 1 5/8"
6MI40X, 6MJ45X, 6MJ45X, 6MK-50X,
Suction line size (sweat) Discharge line size (sweat)
SL Ø 2 5/8" DL Ø 1 3/8"
6MK50X, 6MU40X 6MI40X, 6MM30X
1 Base mountings Ø 25.5 mm 5 Crankcase heater
2 Magnetic plug 1" - 16 UN 6 Plug low-pressure connection 1/4"
3 Oil sight glass 1/4"-20 UNC 7 Plug high-pressure connection 1/8"
4 Plug low-pressure connection 1/8"

20 C6.3.1/0112/E
 07_Application Guide-Stream_REV_0705.pdf 24 7/6/2012 11:25:34 AM

Contact List
Emerson Climate Technologies India - Mumbai Malaysia
Asia Pacific Headquarters Emerson Climate Technologies (India) Ltd Emerson Electric (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd.
10/F, Pioneer Building, Unit No. 4,5,6 & 7, Bhaveshwar Arcade Level M2, Blk A, Menara PKNS-PJ
213 Wai Yip Street, Jalan Yong Shook Lin
LBS Marg, Opp. Shreyas Cinema
Kwun Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 46050 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
Tel: (852) 2866 3108 Ghatkopar (West) Tel: (60 3) 7949 9222
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Tel: (91 22) 4270 8002/ 4270 8000
Australia Fax: (91 22) 2500 6570 Middle East & Africa
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Pty Ltd PO Box 26382
India - PUNE South Jabel Ali Free Zone,
Unit R7, 391 Park Road
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Regents Park, NSW 2143, Australia
Tel: (61 2) 9795 2800 Plot No. 23, Rajiv Gandhi Infotech Park, Tel: (971 4) 811 8100
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Tel: (91 20) 4200 2005
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Fax: (91 20) 4200 2099 4th Floor San Miguel Properties Centre
Co. Ltd
#7 St. Francis Street, Ortigas Center,
Beijing Branch
Indonesia Mandaluyong City, Philippines
Room 1017 Canway Building,
PT Emerson Indonesia Tel: (632) 689 7288 / (632) 479 5200
66 Nan Lishi Road, XiCheng District,
Fax: (632) 479 5271
Beijing 100045, PRC Wisma 46 - Kota BNI, 16th Floor, Suite 16.01,
C
Tel: (86 10) 5763 0488 Jl. Jend.Sudirman Kav.1. Taiwan
Fax: (86 10) 5763 0499 Jakarta 10220, Indonesia Emerson Electric (Taiwan) Co. Ltd
M

Y Tel: (62)21 2513003 3F No. 2 DunHua South Road Sec.1,

China - Guangzhou Taipei (105), Taiwan
CM
Emerson Climate Technologies (Suzhou) Fax: (62)21 2510622
Tel: (886 2) 8161 7688
MY Co. Ltd Fax: (886 2) 81617614
Guangzhou Branch Japan
CY
508-509 R&F Yinglong Plaza, Emerson Japan Ltd Thailand - Bangkok
CMY
No. 76 Huangpu Road West, Shin-Yokohama Tosho Building Emerson Electric (Thailand) Ltd
Guangzhou, PRC 34th Floor Nation Tower
K
No. 3, 3-9-5, Shin-Yokohama, Kohoku-ku
Tel: (86 20) 2886 7668 1858/133 Bangna Trad
Yokohama 222-0033 Japan
Fax: (86 20) 2886 7622 Bangkok 10260 , Thailand
Tel: (81 45)475 6371
Tel: (66 2) 716 4700
China - Shanghai Fax: (81 45)475 3565 Fax: (66 2) 751 4240/ 4241
Emerson Climate Technologies
(Suzhou) Co. Ltd Korea Vietnam
Shanghai Branch Emerson Electric Korea Ltd. Emerson Climate Technologies - Vietnam
1801 Building B, New CaoHeJing Suite 307-308,
3F POBA Gangnam Tower, 119 Nonhyun-
International Business Center, 123 Truong Dinh St., Dist.3
391Guiping Rd, Shanghai 200233, PRC Dong, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul 135-010 Korea Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
Tel: (86 21) 3418 3999 Tel: (82 2) 3483-1500 Tel: (84 8) 3932 2044
Fax: (86 21) 3418 3988 Fax: (82 2) 592-7883 Fax: (84 8) 3932 2055

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