HYPERBOLA

At the end of this chapter, the student should be able to

1. Define hyperbola

2. Identify the parts of a hyperbola

3. State the properties of hyperbola

4. Determine the general form and standard form of

equations of the hyperbola

5. Draw the graphs of hyperbola

6. Solve problems on hyperbola determined by

conditions
A Hyperbola is the locus of a
point that moves in a plane so
that the positive difference
between its distances from two
fixed points is constant. Its
eccentricity is greater than 1.
Parts and Properties of a Hyperbola • The two fixed points F1 and F2
are called the foci.

• The point midway to F1 and F2 is

the center of the hyperbola.

• The axis of symmetry passing

through the foci is called the
principal axis of he hyperbola

• The line segment on the principal

axis through the center and
joining the vertices is called the
transverse axis of the hyperbola
Parts and Properties of a Hyperbola • The line segment through the
center and perpendicular to the
transverse axis is the conjugate
axis.

• Associated in the graph of a

hyperbola is an auxiliary
rectangle tangent at the vertices.

• The graph of hyperbola is

symmetric with respect to both
its transverse and conjugate
axes.

• The intersection of a hyperbola

with the transverse axis
determines the two points
Parts and Properties of a Hyperbola • The intersection of the hyperbola
with the transverse axis
determines the two points V1
and V2 which are called the
vertices.

• The points B1 and B2 are the

endpoints of the conjugate axis.

• The line segments through the

foci perpendicular to the
transverse axis and joining two
points of the hyperbola are
called latera recta.
Parts and Properties of a Hyperbola • The fixed lines D1 and D2 parallel
to the latera recta are called the
directrices.

• The lines which comes closer and

closer to the hyperbola and
passing through the diagonals of
the auxiliary rectangle are called
asymptotes.

• The length of the transverse axis

can be greater or less than the
length of the conjugate axis
Length and Distances In a hyperbola • a = distance from center to an end
of transverse axis (or from center
to vertex).

• b = distance from the center to an

end of conjugate.

• c  ae  a 2  b 2  distance from
center to focus.

• 2a = length of transverse axis

• 2b = length of conjugate axis

• 2c = is the distance between two

foci
Length and Distances In a hyperbola
• 2b Length of each latus rectum
2


a
2
• b
 distance from focus to end of
a latus rectum.
2
• a a
  distance from center to
e c directrix.

• a 2  b 2 eccentricity of the
e 
a ellipse
 Standard Equation of a
hyperbola
center at (0, 0)

transverse axis on OX transverse axis on OY

x2 y2 y2 x2
2  2 1 2  2 1
a b a b
 Standard Equation of an ellipse

center at (h, k)

transverse axis is on or parallel to OX Major axis is on or parallel OY

(x  h)2 (y  k)2 (y  k)2 (x  h)2

2  2 1 2  2 1
a b a b
 Equation of a2
Horizontal Transverse axis x  h
c
Directrices of a
Hyperbola a2
Vertical Transverse axis xk
c

Equation of b
Horizontal Transverse axis y  k   (x  h)
a
Asymptotes of a
Hyperbola a
Vertical Transverse axis y  k   (x  h)
b
 The following equations are Hyperbola in standard form
2
x y 2
(x  3)2 y 2
 1  1
49 16 10 5

y2 x2 (x  2)2 (y  1)2
 1  1
16 9 3 2

(y  1 2)2 x 2 (y  2)2 (x  1)2

 1  1
10 5 3 2