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    Acids and Alkalis Final PDF

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    Cristina Carcedo
    Acids and alkalis can be identified using pH indicators like litmus paper. Acids have a pH below 7 and feel sour, while alkalis have a pH above 7 and feel soapy. Common acids include lemon juice and vinegar, while common alkalis include cleaning products containing ammonia or sodium hydroxide. Acids and alkalis neutralize each other through a reaction that produces salt.

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    Acids and Alkalis Final PDF

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    Cristina Carcedo
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    Acids and alkalis can be identified using pH indicators like litmus paper. Acids have a pH below 7 and feel sour, while alkalis have a pH above 7 and feel soapy. Common acids include lemon juice and vinegar, while common alkalis include cleaning products containing ammonia or sodium hydroxide. Acids and alkalis neutralize each other through a reaction that produces salt.

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    Acids and alkalis can be identified using pH indicators like litmus paper. Acids have a pH below 7 and feel sour, while alkalis have a pH above 7 and feel soapy. Common acids include lemon juice and vinegar, while common alkalis include cleaning products containing ammonia or sodium hydroxide. Acids and alkalis neutralize each other through a reaction that produces salt.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    15 views19 pages

    Acids and Alkalis Final PDF

    Uploaded by

    Cristina Carcedo
    Acids and alkalis can be identified using pH indicators like litmus paper. Acids have a pH below 7 and feel sour, while alkalis have a pH above 7 and feel soapy. Common acids include lemon juice and vinegar, while common alkalis include cleaning products containing ammonia or sodium hydroxide. Acids and alkalis neutralize each other through a reaction that produces salt.

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    Cristina Carcedo

    Acids and alkalis


    When a substance dissolves in water it
    makes a solution.

    Solutions can be sorted according


    to their nature: acid, alkali or
    neutral.
    NON-
    -METALS

    When the oxide


    of some non-metals
    dissolve in water
    they make an acid.

    Acids have a sour taste.


    They are corrosive.
    Testing your chemistry
    background

    • Who knows where this reaction occurs?


    Testing your chemistry
    background

    • Solution:

    Acid rain is caused by emissions of sulfur


    dioxide and nitrogen oxide, which react with the
    water molecules in the atmosphere to produce
    acids.
    Acids

    There are many acids


    present in our
    everyday lives.

    o Lemon juice that contains citric acid

    o Vinegar that contains acetic acid.


    Alkalis

    METALS

    When the oxides of some


    metals dissolve in water they
    make an alkaline solution.
    Many everyday substances are alkalis.
    They feel soapy.
    They are corrosive.
    Testing your general science
    knowledge

    • Who can tell me an alkali cleaning product


    that is normally used at home?
    Alkalis
    Alkalis are present in many cleaning
    substances in use in our homes.
    Kitchen cleaners are alkaline because
    they contain ammonia or sodium
    hydroxide, which attack grease.
    Alkalis react with
    acids and
    neutralise them.
    Neutralisation
    • Acids and alkalis react with each other. The
    alkali cancels out the acid in the reaction. This
    is called neutralisation.

    In this reaction a salt is made.


    o The salt made depends on the acid and alkali used.
    o The salt contains the metal atom from the alkali, and
    part of the acid molecule
    Applications of Neutralisation
    • Insect Stings
    Bee stings are acidic and can be
    neutralised with baking soda.
    Wasp stings are alkaline and can be
    neutralised with vinegar.

    • Indigestion: Our stomach carries


    around hydrochloric acid. Too much
    of this leads to heart burn. To cure
    this, you can neutralise the excess
    acid with baking soda or specialised
    indigestion tablets made of alkali
    compounds.
    Applications of Neutralisation
    Soil Treatment: When Factory Waste: Liquid
    soils are too acidic waste from factories
    (often as a result of is often acidic. If it
    acid rain) they can be reaches a river it will
    treated with slaked destroy and kill sea
    lime, chalk or life of many forms.
    quicklime, all alkalis. Neutralising the waste
    Plants and crops with slaked lime can
    grow best in neutral prevent this.
    soils.
    One more test!

    • What do we use to measure how acidic or


    alkali a solution is?
    Indicators
    Indicators are chemicals used to
    determine whether an aqueous
    solution is acidid, neutral or alkaline.

    The unit to measure this is the pH,


    which goes from 1 (very acidic) to 14
    (very alkaline), being 7 (neutral).

    o Because acidity and alkalinity relate to pH, they may also be


    known as pH indicators.

    o Examples of acid-base indicators include litmus paper,


    phenolphthalein, and red cabbage juice.
    Litmus
    Test

    • Litmus is an indicator. It changes colour in acid and


    alkaline solutions.
    • Litmus is red in an acid.
    • Litmus is green in neutral solution
    • Litmus is blue in an alkali.
    Summary
    Summary
    The pH scale: a ruler to measure how acidic or
    alkali a solution is.

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