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10. Reason  Describe the transformation of the Given ​f(x) = 3x + 5​, describe how the graph
​  12 ​  x – 2​that makes the slope 2
function ​f(x) = __ of g compares with the graph of f. 
and the y-intercept –8. SEE EXAMPLES 1, 2, AND 3

11. Look for Relationships  Why do translations 15. ​g(x) = (3x + 5) + 8​ 16. g(x) = (3x + 5) − 4
produce parallel lines?
17. ​g(x) = 3(x + 10) + 5​ 18. ​g(x) = 3(x − 1) + 5​
12. Error Analysis  A student graphs f(x) = 3x − 2.
19. ​g(x) = 3(0.1x) + 5​ 20. ​g(x) = 5(3x + 5)​
On the same grid they graph the function
g which is a transformation of f made by 21. ​g(x) = 3(2x) + 5​ 22. ​g(x) = 8(3x + 5)​
subtracting 4 from the input of f. Describe
and correct the error they made when Given f(x) = 2x + 3, describe how the value of k
graphing g. affects the slope and y-intercept of the graph of g
compared to the graph of f.  SEE EXAMPLE 3

y 23. ​g(x) = 3(2x + 3)​ 24. ​g(x) = 2(0.5x) + 3​

​  1 ​(2x + 3)​
25. ​g(x) = __ 26. ​g(x) = 2​(__
​  1 ​)​x + 3​
6 8
27. ​g(x) = (2x + 3) – 3​ 28. ​g(x) = 2(x + 0.5) + 3​

5 k g
g g
f(x) = 3x – 2 f
y
x 8
–5 0 5 g(x) = (x + 1) + k
6

–5 ✗ 4

2
f(x) = x + 1

x
−2 O 2 4 6
​​  12 ​​x – 3.
13. Look for Relationships Let f(x) = __ −2
Suppose you subtract 6 from the input of f
to create a new function g, then multiply the
input of function g by 4 to create a function h. y
What equation represents h? g(x) = −2(x + k) + 1
6
14. Use Structure  Describe each transformation.
Then write the equation of the transformed 4
function. f(x) = −2x + 1
​  1 ​  x + 2​
g(x) = __
f(x) = 2x + 1 ​
3 x
−4 −2 O 2 4
Transformation Description Function −2
a. f(x) − 5
b. g(x) + 4
c. 3g(x)
d. 1
2 f(x)

LESSON 3-3  Transforming Linear Functions  107

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31. Mathematical Connections  The cost of renting ​​  52 ​​  x + 6

34. How is the graph of the function g(x) = __
a landscaping tractor is a $100 security deposit transformed from the graph of the function
plus the hourly rate. ​​  25 ​​  x?
f(x) = __
Ⓐ Moved up 6 units
Ⓑ Moved down 6 units
Ⓒ Moved left 6 units
Ⓓ Moved right 6 units
35. SAT/ACT  Which of the following describes
TRACTOR the differences between the graph of f and the
FOR RENT graph of the output of f multiplied by 3?
$40/hour
Ⓐ The slope changes by a factor of 3; the
y-intercept does not change.
a. The function f represents the cost of renting
Ⓑ Both the slope and y-intercept change by a
the tractor. The function g represents the
factor of 3.
cost if the hourly rate were doubled. Write
each function. Ⓒ The slope does not change; the y-intercept
changes by a factor of 3.
b. How would the slope and y-intercept of
Ⓓ Neither the slope nor y-intercept change.
the graph g compare to the slope and
y-intercept of the graph of f ? 36. Performance Task  The science club members
are using transformations on coordinate grids to
32. Construct Arguments  Veronica said the graph track the movement of constellations in the sky.
of g below represents a vertical translation
Choose one side of the constellation depicted
of the function f(x) = x + 1 by 4 units. Dawn
below and describe a series of transformations
argued that the graph of g represents a
to move the side.
horizontal translation of f by 4 units. Who is
correct? Explain.
(1, 7) (15, 8)
y y
8
4
6
f g
2
x 4
(2.5, 1) (13.5, 1)
−4 O 2 4 2
−2 x
0
−4 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

33. Higher Order Thinking  The graph of a linear

function f has a negative slope. Describe the

Copy and complete the table to record the
effect on the graph of the function if the
motion.
transformation has a value of k < 0.
a. adding k to the outputs of f Transformation Function

b. adding k to the inputs of f

c. multiplying the outputs of f by k
d. multiplying the inputs of f by k

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