Lecture 2 (Winding)

Dr. Muhammad Umair

[email protected]
Process flow (Weaving)

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Warp Weft

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Winding

o Process of wrapping yarn on suitable package

is called winding.
o Package is a device that
o Facilitate yarn storage in a suitable form,
convenient handling and withdrawal

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Objective’s
o Change of form of yarn package
o From ring bobbins to other packages
o As required by customers/usage
o For transportation
o Change of cone to pirn /quill as required in
shuttle weaving
o To loose wound cone packages for yarn dyeing /
chemical processing

o Required by some process

o Change of cone weight as required in
warping
o Yarn clearing and splicing in Yarn spinning
o Doubling / Plying of yarn
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Winding Rule

o One end is fixed on a package and other end

is rotated w.r.t. fixed end around the
package axis to impart coils parallel or at
angle to the diametrical plan of the package.

Diametrical Plan
Package Axis

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ANGLES OF A PACKAGE

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Angles of a Package

o Angle of Wind
o The angle contained between a wrap of yarn on
the surface of a package and the diametrical
plane of the package.
o In general <800 (for cheese & cones without
flanges), usually varied between 30-50 degrees.
o This angle is mainly established by the
relationship of the traverse speed to the winding
speed.
o Increasing the speed of traverse in relation to
the winding speed will increase the winding angle
and vice versa.
o Larger the angle, lower the density & hence
greater the softness of the package

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Angles of a Package
o Angle of Crossing
o The angle between two coils on the surface of
package.
o Angle of Reversal
o Angle made by same coil after reversal at
edge of yarn package.

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Angles of a Package

o Taper angle
o Angle made between surface of the package
and the axis of the package.

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 Types of Packages

Parallel Wound

Near Parallel Metal

Wound
Angle of Wind
Wood
Cross Wound
Material
Synthetic
Cop Build

Paper
Package Types Cored
Core Flanged /
Core-less Flangeless

Shape Parallel / Taper

Single
Yarn
Porous
Multiple

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 Types of Packages w.r.t. Angle of wind
o Parallel Wound
o Multiple yarns
o Flanged package
o Unstable, if flangeless

o Near-Parallel Wound
o Single/Multiple yarns
o Flanged / Tapered package
o Cross wound
o Usually single yarn
o Flangeless packages
o Stability comes from the
cross winding of yarns
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 Cop Build

Cross wound 13
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 Core-less

Porous Paper Cone 16

Cheese

Cone
Bobbin 17
 18

Shape
AUTO CONER

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Winding machine Basics

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Passage of Yarn

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Yarn Guides

o Close Guides
o Required end of yarn
o Open Guides
o Less positive guiding
o Issues are
o Guide is too rough
o Damage due to abrasion occur
o Guide too smooth
o Friction may occur

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A-Unwinding Zone

o Responsible for unwinding of package

o Unwinding is possible by either
o Side end withdrawal
o Over end withdrawal
o But generally over end withdrawal is done
o Balloon formation (over end withdrawal)
o Centrifugal force causes yarn to follow curved
path
o Cause uneven tension yarns

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Withdrawal

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Over end Withdrawal
o Benefits
o Quick withdrawal
o No rotation is required
i.e. Package can be stationary
o Supports Flangeless Packages

o Drawbacks
o Twist may be effected
o Balloon formation
o Flanged Packages are not supported
o Only feasible for single yarn packages

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 Over end Withdrawal

o Twist Change
o Twist will be added if the yarn’s
twist direction is same as direction
of unwinding
o Twist will be removed if the yarn’s
twist direction is different w.r.t.
unwinding direction.
o The amount of twist effected will
be equal to the number of coils
removed from the package over the
diameter of the coil.
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Side end Withdrawal

o Benefits
o Supports Flanged Packages
o Twist will not be effected
o No balloon formation
o Can be for single and multi yarn packages
o Drawbacks
o Rotation is required i.e. Package must be rotating
(Energy and equipment)
o Relatively Slow withdrawal
o Flangeless Packages are not supported
o Unwinding can only be done in one direction

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Passage of Yarn

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B-Tensioning & Clearing Zone

o Yarn is subjected to tension and yarn

clearers
o Tension device
o provides tension for uniform package
density
o detects weak places that break under
tension
o Multiplicative (Capstan): Output tension
dependant on the input tension
o Additive: Dead weight or springs are used
o Combined: A capstan tensioner and a disc
are used
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B-Tensioning & Clearing Zone

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 B-Clearing Zone
o Clearing device
o To remove thick and thin places
o Latest systems can also detect foreign fibers
o Mechanical yarn clearer (remove only thick
place)
o Electronic yarn clearer
o Capacitive (mass of yarn)
o Photoelectric (yarn thickness)
o Stop motion
o To stop the machine in case of breakage or
supply depletion
o Mechanical stop assembly (weight or spring)
o Electronic stop assembly 31
B-Tensioning & Clearing Zone

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C-Winding Zone

o Responsible for uniform winding of package

o Only the package is rotated by either:
o Spindle drive (Reciprocating Traverse)
o Friction drive (Groove Cut in Friction Drum
causes traverse)
o Traversing mechanism is used for
distribution of yarn along the package
o Contains mending unit for joining of broken
ends
o Manual knotting, Automatic knotting &
Splicers

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 Types of Winding

Winding Positive
Types Drive
Negative
Inertial

Grooved Drum
Traversing
Traversing Guide

Pirn
Packages
Cone

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 Winding Types: Drive

Positive Drive Negative Drive

(Varying surface (Constant Surface
Speed) Speed)
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Winding Types: Drive

Inertial Drive
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 Winding Types: Traversing

Traversing Guide Grooved Drum

(Reciprocating) (Rotating)
1 guide for each spindle Single or multiple
Grooved
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Difference between Direct and In-
direct winding
o In-direct winding
o Drive of package by frictional contact
o Yarn by Grooved drum
o With increase in Diameter of package, RPM
decreases and winding speed remains constant
(PiDN)
o Constant tension on yarn
o Direct winding
o Package driven by motor
o Yarn move through guide/traveler
o With increase in Diameter of package, RPM also
increases and winding speed increases
o Increase in yarn tension
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Patterning or ribboning
o In successive layers, one yarn may be wound
immediately on top of another
o Unwinding difficult, yarn breaks
o Do not allow dye to penetrate easily
o Avoid by controlling traverse speed

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Precision Winding

o By precision winding successive coils of

yarn are laid close together in a
parallel or near parallel manner.
o produce very dense package with
maximum amount of yarn stored in a given
volume.
o Package is less stable
o Patterning or ribboning occurs
o Package is hard and compact
o Rate of unwinding of package is low
o Difficult to dye, only surface yarns are
dyed
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Non-Precision Winding

o By non-precision winding
successive coils of yarn are laid in
a cross wound manner
o Produce a less dense but more
stable package.
o Intermittent patterning
o Package is soft and less compact
o Unwinding is easy
o Easy to dye

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