PYTHON AND ITS

ENVIRONMENT
(MODULE 3)
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OBJECTIVES

▰ Demonstrate and discuss the Python Environment

▰ Identify the python operators, variables, data types
▰ Create a basic python program

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1
INTRODUCTION ABOUT
PYTHON
Python and Its Environment
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 PYTHON CHARACTERISTICS

▰ Simple
▻ Python is a simple and minimalistic language in nature
▻ Reading a good python program should be like reading English
▻ Its Pseudo-code nature allows one to concentrate on the problem rather than the language
▰ Easy to Learn
▰ Free & Open source
▻ Freely distributed and Open source
▻ Maintained by the Python community
▰ High Level Language –memory management
▰ Portable – *runs on anything c code will 6
 PYTHON CHARACTERISTICS

▰ Interpreted
▻ You run the program straight from the source code.
▻ Python program Bytecode a platforms native language
▻ You can just copy over your code to another system and it will auto-magically work! *with python
platform
▰ Object-Oriented
▻ Simple and additionally supports procedural programming
▰ Extensible – easily import other code
▰ Embeddable –easily place your code in non-python programs
▰ Extensive libraries
▻ (i.e. reg. expressions, doc generation, CGI, ftp, web browsers, ZIP, WAV, cryptography,
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(wxPython, Twisted, Python Imaging library)
 PYTHON TIMELINE

▰ Python was conceived in the late 1980s.

▻ Guido van Rossum, Benevolent Dictator For Life
▻ Rossum is Dutch, born in Netherlands, Christmas break
bored, big fan of Monty python’s Flying Circus
▻ Descendant of ABC, he wrote glob() func in UNIX
▻ M.D. @ U of Amsterdam, worked for CWI, NIST, CNRI, Google
▻ Also, helped develop the ABC programming language
▰ In 1991 python 0.9.0 was published and reached the masses through alt.sources
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 PYTHON TIMELINE

▰ In January of 1994 python 1.0 was released

▻ Functional programming tools like lambda, map, filter, and reduce comp.lang.python
formed, greatly increasing python’s userbase
▰ In 2000, Python 2.0 was released.
▻ Introduced list comprehensions similar to Haskells
▻ Introduced garbage collection
▰ In 2001, Python 2.2 was released.
▻ Included unification of types and classes into one hierarchy, making pythons object
model purely Object-oriented
▻ Generators were added(function-like iterator behavior) 9
 PYTHON TIMELINE

▰ In January of 1994 python 1.0 was released

▻ Functional programming tools like lambda, map, filter, and reduce comp.lang.python
formed, greatly increasing python’s userbase
▰ In 2000, Python 2.0 was released.
▻ Introduced list comprehensions similar to Haskells
▻ Introduced garbage collection
▰ In 2001, Python 2.2 was released.
▻ Included unification of types and classes into one hierarchy, making pythons object
model purely Object-oriented
▻ Generators were added(function-like iterator behavior) 10
PYTHON INSTALLATION

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 PYTHON SHELL (IDLE PYTHON)

When commands are read from a tty, the interpreter is said to be in interactive mode. In this mode it
prompts for the next command with the primary prompt, usually three greater-than signs (>>>); for
continuation lines it prompts with the secondary prompt, by default three dots (...). The interpreter prints a
welcome message stating its version number and a copyright notice before printing the first prompt:

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 PYTHON SHELL (IDLE PYTHON)

Printing Text:

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 PYTHON USING CMD AND NOTEPAD++

Locate Python
in your cmd:

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PYTHON USING CMD AND NOTEPAD++

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2
OPERATORS, DATA
TYPES AND VARIABLES
Python and Its Environment
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 PYTHON OPERATORS

▰ Python has many operators. Some examples are: +, -, *, /, %, >, <, ==

▰ Operators perform an action on one or more operands. Some operators
accept operands before and after themselves: operand1 + operand2, or 3 + 5
▰ Others are followed by one or more operands until the end of the line, such as:
print “Hi!”, 32, 48
▰ When operators are evaluated, they perform action on their operands, and
produce a new value.

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 Example Expression Evaluations

An expression is any set of values and operators that will produce a new value when
evaluated. Here are some examples, along with the new value they produce when
evaluated:
5 + 10 produces 15
“Hi” + “ “ + “Kath!” produces “Hi Kath!”
10 / (2+3) produces 2
10 > 5 produces True
10 < 5 produces False
10 / 3.5 produces 2.8571428571
10 / 3 produces 3
10 % 3 produces 1
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 List of Operators

+, -, *, /, <, >, <=, >=, ==, %

▰ Some operators should be familiar from the world of mathematics such as Addition
(+), Subtraction (-), Multiplication (*), and Division (/).
▰ Python also has comparison operators, such as Less-Than (<), Greater-Than (>), Less-
Than-or-Equal(<=), Greater-Than-or-Equal (>=), and Equality-Test (==). These
operators produce a True or False value.
▰ A less common operator is the Modulo operator (%), which gives the remainder of an
integer division. 10 divided by 3 is 9 with a remainder of 1:
10 / 3 produces 3, while 10 % 3 produces 1
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 Operator Overloading

NOTE! Some operators will work in a different way depending upon what their
operands are. For example, when you add two numbers you get the expected result:
3 + 3 produces 6.
But if you “add” two or more strings, the + operator produces a concatenated version
of the strings:
“Hi” + “Kath” produces “HiKath”
Multiplying strings by a number repeats the string!
“Hi Kath” * 3 produces “Hi KathHi KathHi Kath”
The modulo operator also works differently with strings:
“test %f” % 34 produces “test 34.000”
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 PYTHON DATA TYPES

▰ In Python, all data has an associated data “Type”.

▰ You can find the “Type” of any piece of data by using the type() function:
type( “Hi!”) produces <type 'str'>
type( True ) produces <type 'bool'>
type( 5 ) produces <type 'int'>
type(5.0) produces <type 'float'>
▰ Note that python supports two different types of numbers, Integers (int) and
Floating point numbers (float). Floating Point numbers have a fractional part
(digits after the decimal place), while Integers do not!
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 Effect of Data Types on Operator Results

▰ Math operators work differently on Floats and Ints:

int + int produces an int
int + float or float + int produces a float
▰ This is especially important for division, as integer division produces a
different result from floating point division:
10 / 3 produces 3
10.0 / 3.0 produces 3.3333333
▰ Other operators work differently on different data types: + (addition) will add
two numbers, but concatenate strings.
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 Simple Data types in Python

The simple data types in Python are:

▰ Numbers

▻ int – Integer: -5, 10, 77

▻ float – Floating Point numbers: 3.1457, 0.34
▰ bool – Booleans (True or False)‫‏‬
▰ Strings are a more complicated data type (called Sequences) that we will
discuss more later. They are made up of individual letters (strings of length 1)‫‏‬

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 Type Conversion

▰ Data can sometimes be converted from one type to another. For example, the
string “3.0” is equivalent to the floating point number 3.0, which is equivalent to
the integer number 3

▰ Functions exist which will take data in one type and return data in another type.
▻ int() - Converts compatible data into an integer. This function will truncate
floating point numbers
▻ float() - Converts compatible data into a float.
▻ str() - Converts compatible data into a string.

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 Type Conversion

Examples:
int(3.3) produces 3
str(3.3) produces “3.3”
float(3) produces 3.0
float(“3.5”) produces 3.5
int(“7”) produces 7
int(“7.1”) throws an ERROR!
float(“Test”) throws an ERROR

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 PYTHON VARIABLES

▰ Variables are names that can point to data.

▰ They are useful for saving intermediate results and keeping data
organized.
▰ The assignment operator (=) assigns data to variables.
 Don't confuse the assignment operator (single equal sign, =) with the
Equality-Test operator (double equal sign, ==)
▰ Variable names can be made up of letters, numbers and
underscores, and must start with a letter.
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 PYTHON VARIABLES

▰ When a variable is evaluated, it produces the value of the data

that it points to.
For example:
myVariable = 5
myVariable produces 5
myVariable + 10 produces 15
▰ You MUST assign something to a variable (to create the variable
name) before you try to use (evaluate) it.
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3
BASIC PYTHON
PROGRAMMING
Python and Its Environment
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 PYTHON ACCEPTS INPUT FROM THE USER

input():
▰ In 3.x .raw_input() is renamed to input(). input() function reads a
line from sys.stdin and returns it with the trailing newline
stripped.
▰ print input() ('Input your name: ') prints out Input your name:
▰ To assign the user's name to a variable "x" you can use following
command : x = raw_input('Input your name: ')
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Program 1

Using Notepad++ and

CMD

Python Program that accepts name and age of a person 30

Program 1 Using IDLE (shell python)

Python Program that accepts name and age of a person 31

Program 1 Locate in your drive…

Python Program that accepts name and age of a person 32

Program 1

Once you open

the file… run the
module.

Python Program that accepts name and age of a person 33

Program 1

Once you open

the file… run the
module.

Python Program that accepts name and age of a person 34

Program 2

Python Program that accepts 2 integers and display the sum 35

Program 3

Python Program that accepts grades, then compute and display the average 36
 REFERENCES

Online Resources:

 http://it.metr.ou.edu/byteofpython/features-of-python.html
 http://codesyntax.netfirms.com/lang-python.htm
 http://www.python.org/
 Sebesta, Robert W., Concepts of Programming Languages: 8th ed. 2007
 http://www.python.org/~guido/

 Credits to Jay Summet of IPRE (PPT Review of Python)

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THANKS!
Any questions?

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CREDITS

Special thanks to all the people who made and

released these awesome resources for free:
▰ Presentation template by SlidesCarnival
▰ Photographs by Startup Stock Photos

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