--Class_1

-SQL - Structured Query language

--diffrent versions RDBMS

--1.SQL server - Microsoft
--2.SQL developer - Oracle
--3.Tera data - Teradata
--4.DB2 - IBM
--5.MangoDB - Open Source
--6.MySQL - open source etc

--Q.What is data?
--Collection of meaniful information.
--OR
--Collection record information.

--Q. What is database(DBMS)?

--it is collection of data in file format.
--ex:Excel,word file,text file, notepad , notepad++ etc.

--it stores less amount of data

--no relationship between two files or tables

--Q.What is RDBMS(Relatinal data base management system)?

--it is collection of table related information.
--it stores huge amount of data and to extract the data we have a simple language
i.e. SQL
--There is relation between two or more tables.

--Q.what is table ?
--it is collection of rows and columns.

--SQL is not a case sensitive language

--The meaning 'A' is always same 'a'
--for ex: 'AMAR' it has same meaning of 'amar'

--In SQL
--Blue color indicates system defined keywords
--for ex
create, use, insert etc
--Pink color indicates system defined functions
--for ex
sum,min,max etc

--Data types
--Type of data/value of an object can hold is known as data type.
--A].Numeric data type

--1.BIT
--it stores value 0 or 1

--2.TINYINT
--It will store the value ranging from 0 to 255

--3.SMALLINT
--it will store value ranging -32768 to 32767

--4.Decimal
--an exact fixed point number

--5. INT
--it stores an integer value i.e. ranging from -2147483648 to 2147483647

--B].Approximate numeric data type

--1.Float
--it will store floating point number range is -1.8E to 308 to 1.8E to 308
--for Ex: 8.2345, 0.9876 etc
--2.Real
--it will also store an floating point numbers -3.40E to 38 to 3.40E to 38

--C].String or charecter data type

--1.char - 0-9,a-z,A-Z and Special symbol it will store data as 1 bit
--Static memory allocation and it is having size of 8000 chars
--for ex: char(20) -- AMAR - 4 char reaming 16 blocks of memory waisted because it
has been fixed

--2.varchar - - 0-9,a-z,A-Z and Special symbol

--It is dynamic memory allocation and it will store data as 1 bit
--for ex: varchar(20) -- AMAR - 4 char reaming 16 blocks of memory it will releasse
has been fixed
declare @val1 varchar(8000)='AMARPatil';
print @val1
print datalength(@val1)
print len(@val1)

--3.nchar
--It is static memory allocation and it can store 4000 charecters (1 char it will
occupy 2bytes)
declare @value nchar(4000) = 'AMAR'
print @value
print datalength(@value)
print len(@value)

--4.nvarchar
--It is dynamic memory allocation and it can store 4000 charecters (1 char it will
occupy 2bytes).

declare @value1 nvarchar(4000) = 'AMAR'

print @value1
print datalength(@value1)
print len(@value1)

--D].data and Time data type

--1.date
--It will allow you to insert the date in mulptiple formats
--For Ex: YYYY/MM/DD,DD/MM/YYYY,YYYY/DD/MM etc
select GETDATE()

declare @date1 date = getdate()

print @date1
--2.time
--it will allow you to insert the time in below format
--HH:MM:SS:MS

declare @time time = getdate()

print @time

--3.Datetime
--It will allow you to insert date and time together.
--YYYY/MM/DD HH:MM AM/PM

declare @datetime datetime = getdate()

print @datetime

-----------------------------------------------------------

Class 2

--1.DDL(Data Defination lamguage)

--These statements are basically used to perform structure related operation w.r.to
table.
--Create,Drop,Truncate,Alter,Rename (Dr.CAT)

--Create
--This Is DDL SQL statement and used to create database and Table.

--Q.How to create Database ?

Create database Testing20

--Q.How to select or Navigate to a particular database?

--By using USE keyword and database name
use Testing20
--Just go to top scroll bar and click on down arrow and select your database

--Q.How to create Table?

Create table FirstTable(
FID int,
FirstName varchar(20),
LastName varchar(20),
City varchar(20),
Age int);

--In SQL if you want to terminate SQL statement then use ; at the end of statement.

--2.DML(Data Manipulation Language)

--These statements are used to operate the data stored inside into the table.
--DML statements are used to play with table data.
--below are the diffrent statements
--SELECT,INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE (S_UID)

--SELECT
--Select statement is used to select the data which you have written
--This is DML statement and used to fetch the records from table.
select 88888

select 'Scodeen Global'

select scodeen --Exception/Error -Invalid column name 'scodeen'.

--Q.How to fetch the complete data from a table?

select * from FirstTable;

--Q.how to select a particular column from table?

select firstname,age from FirstTable

--* - it will indicate we are selecting complete data from table

--Q.How will you insert the data into the table?

--INSERT
--Insert Statement is used to insert the data into the table.
--By two ways we can insert the data into the table
--METHOD-I
--We have to insert the data sequence wise how we have created the table
insert into FirstTable values(1,'Praveen','Patil','Pune',30);

insert into FirstTable values(1,'Praveen','Patil','Pune'); --Erorr -Column name or

number of supplied values does not match table definition.

select * from FirstTable

--METHOD-II
--We dont have restrictions to insert the data as per column sequence defined in
table.
--While inserting the data we have to mention column names in insert statement.
insert into FirstTable (FID,FirstName) values (2,'Amit')

insert into FirstTable (FirstName,FID,Age,LastName) values

('Puneet',3,24,'sharma');

insert into FirstTable (Age,FID,FirstName,LastName) values (35,4,'Puskar','Verma')

insert into FirstTable (Age,FID,FirstName,LastName) values (27,5,'Meena','Patil')

select * from FirstTable

---------------------------------------------------------------

Class 3

--1.Where
--Where clause is used with comaprision operator,arithmatic and logical operators.
--It used to filter the specific condition or we can select a particlar records
from table.

--Operators
--1.Comaprision Operator
--2.Logical Operator
--3.Arithmatic operator
--4.IN and NOT IN
--5.Between and NOT BETWEEN
--6.LIKE

--1.Comaprision Operator
--it is used to compare the condition provided in filter clauses or where clause.
-- = - equal to
-- > - greater than
-- < - less than
-- >= - greater than equal to
-- <= - less than equal to
-- != or <> -not equal to

create table employee

(EID int,
FirstName varchar(20),
LastName varchar(20),
Loc varchar(20),
Dept varchar(20),
salary int)

insert into employee values (1,'Rohan','Mane','Sangali','HR',15000)

insert into employee values (2,'Sheetal','Chavan','Parbhani','Finance',25000)
insert into employee values (3,'Amit','Patil','Latur','HR',16000)
insert into employee values (4,'Riya','Verma','Pune','Account',20000)
insert into employee values (5,'Sita','Sharma','Patna','HR',15000)
insert into employee values (6,'Kirti','Gold','Solapur','Staffing',35000)
insert into employee values (7,'Sohan','Jadhav','Miraj','Account',45000)
insert into employee values (8,'Priyanka','Sharma','Nagpur','Finance',46000)
insert into employee values (9,'Virat','Patil','Jaipur','Staffing',34000)
insert into employee values (10,'Sohil','Khan','Mumbai','HR',33000)
insert into employee values (11,'Ronit','Patil','Miraj','Admin',NULL)

select * from employee where dept = 'HR'

select * from employee where EID > 5
select * from employee where EID < 4
select * from employee where EID >= 7
select * from employee where EID <= 4
select * from employee where EID <> 7 --not equal to
select * from employee where EID != 7 --not equal to

--2 Logical Operator

--these operators are used to compare two inputs logically and provide the result.
--AND
--It will be just like multiplication

--AND oeartion
--A B O/P
--0 0 0
--0 1 0
--1 0 0
--1 1 1

--A B O/P
--False False False
--False True False
--True False False
--True True True

select * from employee where eid = 1 and dept = 'Finance'

select * from employee where EID =5 and loc ='Patna'

--OR
--It will work like addition
--OR operation
--A B O/P
--0 0 0
--0 1 1
--1 0 1
--1 1 1

--A B O/P
--False False False
--False True True
--True False True
--True True True

select * from employee where eid = 11 or dept = 'Finance'

select * from employee

select * from employee where EID =5 or salary > 40000 or loc ='Pune'

--3.IN and NOT IN operator

--This operator will allow you to navigate or point out the values whisch mentained
or mentioned inside the in clause.
--Not In operator will perform vice-versa opeartion as compared to IN opeartor.

select * from employee where eid => 1,2 -- incoreect syntax because comparision
opeartor will allow you to insert only one condition.

select * from employee where eid in (1,3,4,5)

select * from employee where eid not in (1,3,4,5)

select * from employee where loc in ('Pune','sangali','Miraj')

select * from employee where loc not in ('Pune','sangali','Miraj')

--4.Between and Not between

--This operator/ clause is used to display the values or records between the range
you have specified.
--This operator works along with AND operator.

select * from employee where EID between 2 and 6

select * from employee where Loc between 'A' and 'N' --A to N-1

--Not Between
select * from employee where EID not between 2 and 6

select * from employee where Loc not between 'A' and 'N' --

--5.LIKE
--LIKE operator is used to search for a specified pattern in a column.
--Mostly like operator is used in where clause.
--Like operator used wildcards for searching a pattern
--1. % - Represents zero,one or multiple charecters or numbers./ A substitue for
Zero or more characters
--2. _ - Represents one or single charecters./A A substitue for exactly one
character.
--3.[Charlist] - Any single charecter in charlist ex: [ABC]
--4.[^Charlist] -any charecter not in charlist
--ex: Seeta,meeta,geeta sena, sona siya

--'S%' - start with 'S' chareter and it will display all the names which starts
with S.
--'%S' - End with 'S' charetcer and it will display all the names which END with S.
--'%S%' -Anywhere inside record/column if 'S' charetcer and it will display all the
names which starts or ends or anywhere inside into a column.

select * from employee where FirstName like 's%' ---at the start of name s

select * from employee where FirstName like '%A' -- at the end of name a

select * from employee where FirstName like '%A%' --anywhere inside or start or
end.

--Display the name whose third letter starts with r

select * from employee where FirstName like '__r%' --Kirti,Virat

--Display the name which starts with s and ends with A

select * from employee where FirstName like 's%a'

select * from employee where FirstName like '[ARV]%' -- it will display the names
which start with A,R and V.

select * from employee where FirstName like '[^ARV]%' -- it will display the name
which not start with A,R and V.

select * from employee where FirstName like '%[ARV]'

select * from employee where firstname like '[A-E]%' -- it will diplay all the
names which is in range of A to E

select * from employee where firstname like '[A-O]%'

--Q.How will you display the names which ends with r and t?
--Q.How will you display the name whose second last letter is T?

-----------------------------------------------------------

Class_4

--Arithmatic operator
--these operators used to perform mathematical operation like +,-,*,/ and %

select * from employee

select *,MonthlyIcrement =salary+1000 from employee

select *,lossofpay = 2*(salary/30) from employee

select *,AnnualPackage =salary*12 from employee

-----------------------------------

--NULL Values
--A column with a NULL value is column with NO value
--NULL value is diffrent from 0(zero) and blank/empty sapce.

select * from employee where salary = NULL

--Q.How to test the NULL values from column?

--There are two ways to check the NULL values from column
--1.IS NULL
--2.IS NOT NULL

select * from employee where salary = NULL -- Blank /not possible to check by
using comaprision/logical/arithmatic opeartor
select * from employee where salary is NULL

select * from employee where salary is not NULL

----------------------------------------

order by
--This clause is used to sort the result in ascending (ASC) or Descending(DESC)
order.
--If the column contains NULL value in it and if we are performing order by
operation then NULL value should be first in ASC and Last in DESC.

select * from employee order by salary -- this is by default ascending order

select * from employee order by salary ASC

select * from employee order by salary desc

select * from employee order by LastName desc

select * from employee order by LastName

----------------------------------------------------------

DML(Data Manipulation Language)

--UPDATE
--Update statement is used to update complete column data or specific record if
condition is provided.
-- By using update statement you can only play with table data.

--synatx:
--UPDATE TABLE_NAME SET COLUMN_NAME ='VALUE' where COLUMN_NAME ='CONDITION'

create table UPDATE_DELETE (U_ID int, UNAME varchar(20) ,ULOC varchar(20))

insert into UPDATE_DELETE values (1,'Sagar','PUNE')

insert into UPDATE_DELETE values (2,'Amit','Sangli')
insert into UPDATE_DELETE values (3,'Sarika','Bijapur')
insert into UPDATE_DELETE values (4,'Rohan','Mumbai')
insert into UPDATE_DELETE values (5,'Amrita','Palampur')

select * from UPDATE_DELETE

update UPDATE_DELETE SET ULOC ='Pune' where U_ID >=2

update UPDATE_DELETE SET ULOC ='Jaipur' where U_ID =5

update UPDATE_DELETE SET UNAME ='Sohan' where U_ID =4

--DELETE
--Delete statement is used to delete the data from table row by row.
--By using DELETE statement it is not possible to delete the structure.
--We can delete the table data at one time or row by row by specifying an
condition.

--syntax:
--DELETE TABLE_NAME where COULMN_NAME ='CONDITION'

select * from UPDATE_DELETE

delete UPDATE_DELETE -- it will delete the complete data from table.

delete UPDATE_DELETE where U_ID =5

delete UPDATE_DELETE where U_ID <=2

--1.Data Defination Language(DDL) - DR.CAT

--Along with DDL statements "TABLE" Keyword is mandotory.

--DROP
--DROP statement will delete the table structure as well as table data.
--Drop statement we can drop or delete the database.

--syntax:
--DROP TABLE TABLE_NAME
--DROP DATABASE DATABASE_NAME

DROP table UPDATE_DELETE -- it will delete table data as well as table structutre.

--Q.Diffrence between Delete and Drop?

--Truncate
--Truncate statement allow you to delete the records from a table at once.
--It wont delete the structure of the table
--In Truncate you can't delete the data Row-By-Row by specifying a condtion.

--syntax : truncate table table_name

create table Truncate1 (U_ID int, UNAME varchar(20) ,ULOC varchar(20))

insert into Truncate1 values (1,'Sagar','PUNE')

insert into Truncate1 values (2,'Amit','Sangli')
insert into Truncate1 values (3,'Sarika','Bijapur')
insert into Truncate1 values (4,'Rohan','Mumbai')
insert into Truncate1 values (5,'Amrita','Palampur')

select * from Truncate1

truncate table truncate1

--Q. What is the diffrence between Delete,Drop and Truncate?

--Q. What is the diffrence between DML,and DDL statements?
--Q.How will you delete the data from a table at once?
--ALTER
--Alter statement is used to perform operation on table level attributes/Columns.
--By using Alter
--We can ADD one or More columns.
--We can delete one more columns.
--We can change the data type for a particular column.
--We can increase or decrese the size of particular column.

Create table ALTER_OPERATION(AID int not Null , ANAME varchar(20))

drop table ALTER_OPERATION

insert into ALTER_OPERATION values (1,'Amit')

insert into ALTER_OPERATION values (2,'sumit')
insert into ALTER_OPERATION values (3,'rohit')
insert into ALTER_OPERATION values (4,'anil')
insert into ALTER_OPERATION values (5,'anil123456')

select * from ALTER_OPERATION

--Adding a single column into a table

alter table ALTER_OPERATION ADD loc varchar(20)

---Adding multiple columns in a table

alter table alter_operation add Pincode int,city varchar(20)

--Dropping/Deleting single column from table

alter table alter_operation drop column city

--Dropping/Deleting multiple columns from table

alter table alter_operation drop column loc,pincode

--to increse or decrease the size of a column

alter table alter_operation alter column aname varchar(10)

alter table alter_operation alter column aname varchar(15)

-----------------------------------------------------------

--Functions
--1.min()
--2.max()
--3.count()
--4.TOP
--5.sum()
--6.avg()
--7.Distinct()

--1.MIN()
--This function will return the minimum value from a selected column

select * from employee order by salary Desc

select min(salary) as minsal from employee --numbers === 0 to 9

select min(FirstName) from employee -- text value === A to Z

--2.MAX()
--This function will return maximum value from selected column
select * from employee order by salary Desc

select max(salary) as MAX_SAL from employee

--This function is used to count the number of records from table or column.
--Count function always accepts one argument.
--It wont count NULL values from the table or column.

select count(*) as EmpCount from employee

select * from employee
select count(loc) from employee

--Q.In count function NULL value can be considered?

--NO, Null value is not considered in count function.
select count(8888) --- 1
select count('SCODEEN') --1

select count() ---- error - The count function requires 1 argument(s).

select count('A','B') ---

select count('SCODEEN') + count(8888) ---2
select count(SCODEEN) --Invalid column name 'SCODEEN'.

insert into employee values(11,'Ashok',NULL,NULL,NULL,21000)

--4.TOP()
--This function is used to display the top records from table as per specified
count.
--This function is very useful when we have large amount of data in table .

select Top 3 * from employee -- it will display the top 3 records from table.

--5.Sum
--this function add all recorfds from a column.
--it will return the total sum value in numeric expression.
--It will ignore NULL values from column.
select * from employee
select sum(salary) as totalsary from employee

select sum(loc) as totalsary from employee --exception : Operand data type varchar
is invalid for sum operator.

--6.avg()
--This function is used to find the avg of the column.
--It will ignore the NULL values.

select sum(salary) as totalsary from employee

select count(salary) from employee
select avg(salary) as AVGSAL from employee

--NOTE: In count,sum, and Avg function NULL values are ignored.

--7.Distinct
--This function is used to find the unique records from column.
select * from employee
select distinct(Dept) from employee

select count(distinct(Dept)) from employee

select count(*) from employee where Dept ='Account'

select distinct(salary) from employee

---------------------------------------------------------------

--Group by
--Group by statements are used in conjection witrh aggregate functions to group
result-set by one or more columns.
--MIN,MAX,Count,AVG,SUM,
--Syntax:
--select column_name , aggregate_Function(column_name) from Table_NAME
--where Column_name <Condition>
--group by Column_name

select * from information_schema.Tables

select * from employee order by salary desc

--Q.Find the sum of salary of each department?

select department,sum(salary) as DeptSal from employee
group by department

--NOTE:
--An aggregate may not appear in the WHERE clause unless it is in a subquery
contained in a HAVING clause or a select list,
--and the column being aggregated is an outer reference.

--Q.How will you display the second highest salary department wise?
--Q.Display the department name with highest salary?
--Q.In group where we can use 'WHERE' clause and Why?