Ministry of Higher Education ‫وزارة التعليم العالي والبحث‬

And Scientific Researches ‫العلمي‬

Misan University ‫جامعة ميسان‬
College of Engineering
‫كلية الهندسة‬
Electrical Department
‫قسم هندسة الكهرباء‬

Classical Control and Basics Of PLC

Done by:
Yousif Sami Abed

Submitted to Assist.Lec Hisham

Power electronics Laboratory
2nd Course

4th Stage \Evening Study

2023
Experiment aim
The aim of Experiment is to analyze the operation (Switching) of DC-DC converter with
resistive load

Introduction

A full bridge single phase inverter is a switching device that generates a square
wave AC output voltage on the application of DC input by adjusting the switch
turning ON and OFF based on the appropriate switching sequence, where the
output voltage generated is of the form +Vdc, -Vdc, Or 0. Inverters are
classified into many types including
 Square wave inverter
 Sine wave inverter
 Modified sine wave inverter.
 Current source inverter
 Voltage source inverter

The construction of full-bridge inverter is, it consists of 4 choppers where each

chopper consists of a pair of a transistor or a thyristor and a diode, pair
connected together that is
 T1 and D1 are connected in parallel,
 T4 and D2 are connected in parallel,
 T3 and D3 are connected in parallel, and
 T2 and D4 are connected in parallel.
A load V0 is connected between the pair of choppers at “AB” and the end
terminals of T1 and T4 are connected to voltage source VDC as shown below.

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The working of single-phase full-bridge using RLC load inverter can be
explained using the following scenarios

Overdamping and Underdamping

From graph at 0 to T/2 if we apply DC excitation to RLC load. The output load
current obtained is in the sinusoidal waveform. Since the RLC load is being
used the reactance of the RLC load is represented in 2 conditions as XL and
XC

Codition1: If XL> XC, it acts like lagging load and is said to be called as an
overdamped system and
Condition2: If XL< XC, it acts like leading load and is said to be called an
underdamped system.

Conduction Angle
Conduction angle of each switch and each diode can be determined using the
waveform of V0 and I0.
A Lagging Load Condition
Case1: From φ to π, V0 > 0 and I0 > 0 then switches S1, S2 conducts
Case2: From 0 to φ, V0 > 0 and I0 < 0 then diodes D1, D2 conducts
Case3: From π + φ to 2 π, V0 < 0 and I0 < 0 then switches S3, S4 conducts
Case4: Form π to π + φ, V0 < 0 and I0 > 0 then diodes D3, D4 conducts.

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At Leading Load Condition
Case1: From 0 to π – φ, V0 > 0 and I0 > 0 then switches S1, S2 conducts
Case2: From π – φ to π, V0 > 0 and I0 < 0 then diodes D1, D2 conducts
Case3: From π to 2 π – φ, V0 < 0 and I0 < 0 then switches S3, S4 conducts
Case4: Form 2 π – φ to 2 π, V0 < 0 and I0 > 0 then diodes D3, D4 conducts
Case 5: Prior to φ to 0, D3, and D4 conduct.
Therefore conduction angle of each diode is “φ” and the conduction angle of
each Thyristor or Transistor is “π – φ”.

Forced Commutation and Self Commutation

Self Commutation Situation can be Observed in Leading Load Condition

From the graph, we can observe that “φ to π – φ”, S1and S2 is conducting

and after “π – φ”, D1, D2 are conducting, at this point, the forward voltage
drop across D1 and D2 is 1 Volt. Where S1 and S2 are facing negative
voltage after “π – φ” and so S1 and S2 turn off. Hence self commutation is
possible in this case.

Forced Commutation Situation can be Observed in Lagging Load Condition

From the graph, we can observe that “o to φ”, D1 and D2 are conducting, and
from π to φ, S1, and S2 are conducting and are short-circuited. After “φ” D3
and D4 conduct only if S1 and S2 are turned off, but this condition can be

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 satisfied only by forcing S1 and S2 to turn off. Hence, we use the concept of
forced commutation.

Advantages of Single Phase Full Bridge Inverter

The following are the advantages

 Absence of voltage fluctuation in the circuit

 Suitable for high input voltage
 Energy efficient
 The current rating of the power devices is equal to the load current.
Disadvantages of Single Phase Full Bridge Inverter
The following are the disadvantages

 The efficiency of the full-bridge inverter ( 95% ) is less than half the bridge
inverter (99%).
 Losses are high
 High noise.
Applications of Single Phase Full Bridge Inverter
The following are the applications

 Applicable in applications like low and medium power example square wave
/ quasi square wave voltage
 A sinusoidal wave which is distorted is used as input in high power
applications
 Using high-speed power semiconductor devices, the harmonic contents at
the output can be reduced by PWM techniques
 other applications like AC variable motor, heating induction device,
standby power supply
 Solar Inverters
 compressors, etc
Thus, an inverter is an electrical device that converts DC input supply to
asymmetric AC voltage of standard magnitude and frequency at the output
side. According to the type of load a single-phase inverter is classified into 2
types, like half-bridge inverter and full-bridge inverter. This article explains
about full bridge single phase inverter. It consists of 4 thyristors and 4 diodes
which together act like switches. Depending upon the switch positions the
full-bridge inverter operates. The main advantage of the full-bridge over half-
bridge is that the output voltage is 2 times input voltage and output power is 4
times compared to a half-bridge inverter.

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Procedure

Connect the circuit as shown in below figure

The figure below shows the outputs waveform