Lesson 1: Introducing the Reading Lesson 2: Evaluating Written Texts

Process and Reading Strategies by Analysing Claims

Reading Is a cognitive process of Critical Reading:
decoding symbols to derive meaning Evaluate claims
Seeks definitions
from a text.
Judge information
Getting an Overview of the Text Demand proof
Question Assumptions
PREVIEWING- means looking at the
readily visible parts of the text Techniques in developing Critical
Reading skills
SKIMMING- means you look for the 1. KEEPING A READING JOURNAL
main point of the reading and This process allows you to develop
identify the ideas that develop it. your impressions of the text and
connect them to your personal
SCANNING- Is information the
experiences.
reading is looking for specific 2. ANNOTATING THE TEXT
information. (Scan) Annotating the text simply means
Synonyms Are used when the text making notes on your copy of the
reading.
has words or phrases that are
3. OUTLINING THE TEXT
similar in the meaning to the Creating a rough outline of the text
unknown word. Is a word that will also be helpful in getting to
reveals the opposite meaning in understand it more critically.
relation to the unknown word. 4. SUMMARIZING THE TEXT
Summarizing the text is similar to
Antonyms Is a word that reveals the
outlining, in that you need to get the
opposite meaning in relation to the gist
unknown word. 5. QUESTIONING THE TEXT
Explanations may be given as clues Involves asking specific questions on
points that you are sceptical about.
to describe an unknown term. And
definitions may follow an EXPLICIT information that is clearly
unfamiliar word. stated.
The situation in which a word is IMPLICIT ideas that are suggested.
used can also be helpful in
The claim is the most important part
determining the meaning of that
of the text.
word. This defines the paper’s direction and
DENOTATION - is the basic, precise scope.
and literal meaning of the word.
• CLAIMS OF FACT state a quantifiable
CONNOTATION – is the positive, assertion or a measurable topic.
• CLAIMS OF VALUE assert something
negative or neutral feelings,
that can be qualified.
attitudes or associations with a • CLAIMS OF POLICY (should or must)
word. Specific actions should be chosen as
solutions to a particular problem
Lesson 3: Using Pre-Writing Outlining – A good way to create a
strategies visual picture of what you have read.
Outline – Is a tool for organizing ideas.
Pre-writing- The first stage of the
writing process. OUTLINE is a summary that gives the
Allows you to communicate with essential features of a text.
yourself so you can discover what you
want to communicate to your readers. There are two kinds of Outlines:

Tone refers to the attitude and Reading Outline is used to get the
feelings you want you’re writing to main idea of a text that is already
reflect toward your purpose, topic, written. It helps you understand the
audience, and yourself. text’s structure more critically.
Writing Outline is a skeletal version of
Point of view (first, second, third) your essay. It is used as a guide to
Sentence structure (long and short organize your ideas.
sentences)
Chosen words (connotation and 2 TYPES OF OUTLINING
denotation
1. Topic outline – Summarizes the
PRE-WRITING STARTEGIES main topics and subtopics of the
article in words or phrases.
BRAINSTORMING- provides yourself 2. Sentences outline – Uses complete
with as many choices for your topic as sentence for each topics as it is more
possible. informative compare to topic
CLUSTERING OR MAPPING- is another sentence.
technique that you can use by writing Two systems of outlining:
a word or phrase at the centre of the  Alphanumeric outline
page and encircle it.  Decimal outline
FREEWRITING- writing down your
thoughts nonstop, in the exact order, 4 Principles in outlining:
language and form in that you think 1. Coordination – requires ideas of
them. the same relevance to be labeled in
the same way.
Writing Thesis Statement 2. Subordination – shows that minor
details have to be placed under
Thesis statement- Is the central idea their respective major details
of an essay, around which all other 3. Division- requires that no cluster
ideas revolve. should contain only one item.
4. Parallel construction-requires all
entries in each cluster to use the
same structure format.

Lesson 4: Creating Reading and Lesson 5:

Writing Outlines
Paragraph - Is a group of sentences that deals with REVISION - Is the general process of going back
one particular idea. Every paragraph has a purpose, through your whole draft, from start to end, and
important point or main idea. improving on or clarifying your writing subject’s
meaning.
Main Idea – is the “important point” being
expressed. The main idea is the most important Revision – focuses on the bigger picture of your draft.
piece of information the author wants you to know Editing (proofreading) – focuses on its finer details,
about that paragraph. The main idea may be stated making sure every word contributes precise meaning to
at the beginning of the paragraph, in the middle, or your writing subject.
at the end.
Lesson 7:
Details – Support the main idea by telling how, Poetry is a popular but under-appreciated type of
what, when, where, why, how much, or how many. writing, and it’s easily the most artistic, creative
form of writing. You can write form poetry, free-
The sentence in which the main idea is stated is
form poetry, and prose poetry. Or try writing a
called the topic sentence of that paragraph.
story in rhyme. This is often considered the oldest
Topic sentence - Tells the reader the main idea of form of literature.
you paragraph. It reveals what you generally plan Poems – are heavy in imagery and metaphor and
to propose, argue, or explain. Topic sentence is are often made up of fragments and phrases rather
implied if there is a clear controlling idea of what than complete, grammatically correct sentences.
the paragraph is about. Rhyme Scheme – such poems follow a pattern of
rhyming sounds.
CHARACTERISTICS OF EFFECTIVE PARAGRAPH
A song is a poem composition accompanied by
• Unity melody and beat to be performed by singing.
• Adequate development TYPES OF SONGS
• Coherence 1. CLASSICAL SONG OR CLASSICAL MUSIC
• Paragraphs can be organized according to These songs are the traditional music composed by
CHRONOLOGICAL, SPATIAL, OR EMPHATIC classical composers and classical musicians.
ORDER. Ex. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Ludwig van
Beethoven
Signal devices 2. POP SONG
1. TRANSITIONS These songs are those which have modern lyrics
• TIME (before, after, next, later, earlier, and an upbeat tune. International and local pop
meanwhile) singers sing this type of song.
• SEQUENCE (fist, second, finally, last, Ex. Regine Velasquez, Gary Valenciano, Michael
another, besides, also) Jackson
• SPACE (above, next to, below, behind, 3. COUNTRY SONG
under) These songs have simple lyrics and are suitable for
• ILLUSTRATION (for instance, namely, in this easy listening. The music piece is basically
case) performed with classical guitars and other
• COMPARISON (similarly, also, still, in the traditional instruments
same way, likewise) Ex. The Carpenters, Kenny Rogers,
• CONTRAST (but, despise, however, yet, 4. BALLAD
even though, although) These songs include a narration of a story in a
• CAUSE AND EFFECT (because, as a result, musical way. Are usually slow songs but may
consequently, then, hence) contain heavy components as well. Have an
• CONCLUSION (thus, therefore, in emotional touch to the listeners.
conclusion) 5. GOSPEL SONGS
2. REPETITION These songs contain lyrics taken from Bible Verse
3. SYNONYMS or just written out of a religious belief.
4. PRONOUNS 6. ROCK SONG OR ROCK MUSIC - These songs are
5. PARALLELISM most popular to the youth. It uses more clear
pieces of instruments like guitar, major
instruments, and keyboards. They sound energetic
along with vocals.
Lesson 6: