Programming Basics and Data Analytics

with Python
Introduction to Programming
 Learning Objectives

By the end of this lesson, you will be able to:

Explain what is program and programming language

List the types of programming languages

Describe an algorithm, pseudocode, and a flowchart

Differentiate between a compiler and an interpreter

Program
 What Is a Program?

A program is a set of instructions a computer follows in order to perform a task.

Programming Language
 What Is a Programming Language?

• It is a set of rules that instructs a computer on what operations to perform.

• It is a set of rules for communicating an algorithm.

Problem Solution
 Types of Programming Languages

Object-Oriented
Programming Language
Scripting Programming
Functional Programming
Language
Language

Logical
Procedural Programming
Programming Language
Language
Requirements for Programming Languages

Must be simple Should have good

and easy to learn readability

Should be well-
structured and
documented
Algorithm, Pseudocode, and Flowchart
 Algorithm

An algorithm is a detailed step-by-step method to solve a problem.

Input Algorithm Output

 Pseudocode

Pseudocode is a way of writing a program description that includes simple descriptions but does
not have precise syntax.

Example:

A pseudocode to find the total of two numbers is as follows.

Sum of two numbers:

Begin

Set sum = 0;
Read: number 1, number 2;
sum = number 1 + number 2;
Print sum;

End
 Flowchart

A flowchart represents an algorithm using a diagram.

Flowcharts are commonly used in programming to represent the steps in a program.

Start

Input

Process

Output

End
 Pseudocode vs. Flowchart

Pseudocode Flowchart

An informal high-level description of the A diagrammatic representation that

operating principle of an algorithm illustrates a solution model to a given
problem

Written in natural language and Written using various symbols

mathematical notations
Compiler and Interpreter
 Compiler and Interpreter

A compiler is a special program that processes statements written in a programming language and
converts them into machine language.

first.c Machine First

Code

Compiler
#include<stdio.h RESULT
Void main() 11100000
printf(“First”) 110000
Getch()
11110000

An interpreter is a program that reads and executes each instruction of the code. This includes source
code, precompiled code, and scripts.

first.p
y
Interpreter

print(“First”)
RESULT
 Compiler vs. Interpreter

Compiler Interpreter

Compiler takes an entire program as input. Interpreter takes a single instruction as

input.
Intermediate object code is generated. No intermediate object code is generated.

Memory requirement is more since object Memory requirement is less.

code is generated.
Program need not to be compiled every Higher level program is converted to lower
time. level program each time.
Errors are displayed after the entire program Errors are displayed for every instruction
is checked. interpreted.
Program execution is fast. Program execution is slow.

Examples: C, C++ Examples: Visual basic, Python

Knowledge Check
Knowledge
Check
Which of the following is a detailed step-by-step method for solving a problem?
1

a. Pseudocode

b. Compiler

c. Algorithm

d. Flowchart
 Knowledge
Check
Which of the following is a detailed step-by-step method for solving a problem?
1

a. Pseudocode

b. Compiler

c. Algorithm

d. Flowchart

The correct answer is c

An algorithm is a detailed step-by-step method for solving a problem.

Knowledge
Check
Which of the following represents an algorithm using a diagram?
2

a. Pseudocode

b. Compiler

c. Interpreter

d. Flowchart
 Knowledge
Check
Which of the following represents an algorithm using a diagram?
2

a. Pseudocode

b. Compiler

c. Interpreter

d. Flowchart

The correct answer is d

A flowchart represents an algorithm using a diagram.

Knowledge
Check
Which of the following options takes a single instruction as input?
3

a. Algorithm

b. Interpreter

c. Compiler

d. Pseudocode
 Knowledge
Check
Which of the following options takes a single instruction as input?
3

a. Algorithm

b. Interpreter

c. Compiler

d. Pseudocode

The correct answer is b

Interpreter takes a single instruction as input.

 Key Takeaways

A program is a set of instructions a computer follows to

perform a task.

An algorithm is a detailed step-by-step method for solving a

problem.

A pseudocode is an informal way of writing a program.

A flowchart represents an algorithm using a diagram.

Compiler takes an entire program as input, whereas interpreter

takes a single instruction as input.