Background

Paper is usually made from wood fibers. Different types of trees produce different types

of paper. It depends on the purpose of the paper as well as the materials used to make it. Other

substances that contain fibers can also be used to make paper. Trees are felled but replaced

with new trees. But more and more trees are being cut down because of the growing demand

for paper, and it takes longer to grow to replace the cut down trees. The more paper that is

needed, the more trees that are felled. And the more trees that are lost, the higher the price of

paper. In this project, garlic peels will be use to make another paper because garlic peels stick

together and do not tear easily. By using garlic peel in place of the original material, this project

will aid society in reducing the chopping down of trees. Less forest destruction and more trees

preserved.

Garlic peels can be reused and recycled in addition to reducing deforestation, as garlic

peels are frequently discarded once they are no longer useful to humans. In this developing

world, we must innovate new ideas while also finding ways to preserve our natural resources

through alternative replacements that promote a better environment. Packaging industries use a

lot of plastics and paper to make strong packaging materials. Despite the fact that plastic

contains some toxic substances, its use is widespread.

Sustainable packaging is one of the modern packaging method mainly done to reduce the

environmental impact. This will transform the fruit and vegetable peels waste in a productive

way, which will develop and enhance new solution in the packaging field to promote better

environment. The expected outcome is a biodegradable bag. (National Center for

Complementary Integrative Health, 2020)

garlic waste to poor residents in Tondo, Manila in encouraging them to turn their garbage into

useful materials. She said converting garbage into useful materials could be the poor residents’

contribution to global efforts to preserve and protect the world’s natural resources. Villar said

one of the livelihood activities of residents of Gasangan Street in Baseco is garlic peeling. In

making specialty papers, they will use garlic waste as primary material. (Romero Paulo, 2018)

Biodegradable packaging is produced using biopolymers which are molecules often

found in living organisms like cellulose and proteins. The motive of the project is to convert

household biodegradable waste (garlic) into biodegradable packs. This packaging method is done

to reduce the environmental impact. The waste rate of the garlic peel is about 16-20% seed stock

weight. Approximately 2.3-2.9 million tons of garlic peels were generated as waste worldwide.

The peels are composed of cellulose (41-50%) hemi cellulose (16-26%) and lignin (26-30%)

which acts as effective packaging property. This is done to develop a biodegradable packaging

using garlic peels and to find an eco- friendly alternative to reduce the current impact of plastic

and over use of papers in packaging industries. (International Journal of Research in

Engineering, Science and Management, 2021)

A major advantage of plastic bags is that, when compared to other types of shopping

bags, producing them carries the lowest environmental toll. The thin, plastic grocery store bags

are most commonly made from high-density polyethylene (HDPE). Paper bags have some

advantages over plastic bags when it comes to sustainability. They are easier to recycle, and,

because they are biodegradable, they can be used for purposes like composting. However, paper

is very resource-heavy to produce: Manufacturing a paper bag takes about four times as much

energy as it takes to produce a plastic bag, plus the chemicals and fertilizers used in producing
paper bags create additional harm to the environment. Studies have shown that, for a paper bag

to neutralize its environmental impact compared to plastic, it would have to be used anywhere

from three to 43 times. Since paper bags are the least durable of all the bagging options, it is

unlikely that a person would get enough use out of any one bag to even out the environmental

impact. (National Geographic, 2022)

This project is beneficial to the environment, community, and vendors. In the environment it can

be used as an eco-friendly alternative to reduce the current impact of plastics and the overuse of

paper in the packaging industry. The biodegradable packs made out of garlic peels were tested

and can be made into carry bags or pouches as per our needs. For the community the thrown-out

garlic skins will be recycled and reused to make an alternative paper bag and lesser use of plastic

bags. Vendors in the market, the recycling method managed to help them reduce the garlic skin

wastes within their stores. This project may broaden the perspective and knowledge to help the

environment and community as well as the future generation.

Garlic paper bag will lessen the consumption of plastic and tree leaf materials. The effectiveness
of paper bag in terms of its sustainability and durability.

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the Research Design, Sample/Sampling, Data Procedure, and

Statistical analysis.

Research Design

The research design is a two group research design with the four variables being observed

through experiments. This study used a qualitative exploratory research design to conduct
experimental methods and explore on using flour and cornstarch to determine the sustainability

and durability of the Garlic Paper Bag.

FLOUR CORNSTARCH

SUSTAINABILITY DURABILITY SUSTAINABILITY DURABILITY

Sample/ Sampling

The target people of this research study are random plaza vendors, students, teachers, and

other staff in school and here in Gubat Sorsogon.

The sampling method used in the sample is simple random sampling. The researchers

would conduct a study-related survey. Four people are randomly picked to describe the durability

and sustainability of a garlic paper bag. On a scale of 1 to 3, the effectiveness of the product will

be judged. 1 is the highest, and 3 is the lowest.

In a survey of four respondents, the effectiveness of the garlic paper bag will be judged

not only by the scale but also by how useful it may be.

Data Procedure

This research study used a qualitative research design. A qualitative research design

involves a variety of variables that researchers must manipulate to test their hypotheses and their
quality. In this study, researchers used dried garlic peels as a material to create an alternative

paper bag.

A. Preparing for Setup

At one of the researcher's stores, lots of dried garlic peels were collected and used to

make paper substitutes. About 25 grams of dried garlic skin was needed. I put 25 grams of dried

garlic skin into a pot and added 2000 ml of water. Boil the dried garlic cloves over medium heat

for about 10 minutes, and when the cloves are cooked, drain and remove excess water. After

draining, I put the garlic cloves into the blender and also poured a cup with 1200 ml of water and

64 g of all purpose flour into the blender. Mixed in one quick motion for 5 minutes. A

researcher-made sieve mold 210 mm long and 143 mm wide was used to extract a thin layer of

garlic peel. Submerge the mold halfway in water, slowly pour the mixed garlic cloves into the

center and shake gently to flatten the garlic cloves. The thickness of the paper did not exceed 1

cm. Place a thin layer of garlic rind on a flat, dry surface and while the garlic rind is still moist,

gently flip the mold with the garlic rind over. The moist sheets of garlic peel were placed in a hot

safe place until dry. This method was repeated four times to obtain acute results.

B. Testing

After drying, the paper was gently rubbed with a bare hand and feel the texture to identify

whether it can strong or durable enough. The variables were sustainability and durability with the

use of flour and cornstarch.