WW II CH 17 PDF
WW II CH 17 PDF
WW II CH 17 PDF
New Nations
– Poland is created
– Czechoslovakia
is created
– Yugoslavia is
created
– Hungary is given
complete
independence
– Finland is created
– The Baltic nations
(Latvia, Estonia,
Lithuania) are
created
Gone
Gone
Gone
Gone
Gone
Failure of Democracy
• Economic = people were jobless
• Political = weak governments could not solve
problems in their countries. Fear of Jews and
Communists
• Social = times of unrest people look for a
leader.
• For democracy to thrive it needs stability,
good economic conditions, and the people
have to want it.
dictators
Totalitarianism
I want your
mind, body,
• In a totalitarian regime, the state (government)
andnearly every aspect of the individual's
controls
life. children!
• Totalitarian governments do not tolerate
activities by individuals or groups such as labor
unions that are not directed by the state's goals.
• Totalitarian regimes maintain themselves in
power through secret police, propaganda, the
elimination of open criticism of the government,
and use of terror tactics.
• Internal and external threats are created to
foster unity through fear.
• The needs of the State have priority over
everything else
•Power of government rests in one man.
•TOTAL POWER
•No freedoms in this society- Supression of
free press and individual rights
•Usually racist and discriminatory towards
certain groups (like Jews)
•Often have large militaries and must
expand and conquer to gain approval from
their people.
dictators
Nazism
• Nazism is a different
kind of fascism. It
emphasized:
– the inequality of the
races
– and the right of the
strong to rule the weak,
– called for the elimination
of those deemed to be
inferior (Jews, Gypsies,
the disabled).
Italy: Benito Mussolini
Il Duce
• He wanted to
reestablish the Roman
Empire
• Conquers Ethiopia in
1936
• Allies himself with
the Germans as soon
as the Nazis take
power.
Italy---Fascism
Believe, Obey and
Fight
Goal was to Revive
the Roman Empire
He rules from 1922-
1943
Fascism
•Exalts nation and sometimes race above the
individual
•uses violence, propaganda and censorship to
suppress political opposition
•engages in severe economic and social standards
•implements totalitarianism
The Soviet Union
• Once the
Communist seize
power in 1918, they
focus on getting
their house in order,
they consolidate
and focus on
modernizing their
country.
• Agents are sent
around the world in
an attempt to export
the revolution.
Vladimir Lenin(1870-1924)
• Leader, part of the
cause, and winner of
the Russian
revolution/civil war
• Responsible for at least
1,000,000 deaths
during the Civil War
• Believed that violence
was necessary to purge
the party
Lenin’s DEAD!!!
dictators
Stalin
Stalin
• Set the Soviet Union on a massive
program to industrialize and
nationalize the economy (the 5 year
plan)
– Collectivized all farms
– The government sets all quotas,
supervises all production, and
provides all needed resources.
– Quotas will be met or else
– Resistors will be executed or sent
to the gulags.
– Command Economy
– Starves his own population in
order to meet production goals.
5 Yr. Plans
Collectivization of
Farms
Resistance to Collectives
Seen as “second civil war”
1929-1933
Kulaks
Cattle –50% reduction
Sent to the Gulag or killed
Work so that
Comrade Stalin
will say thank you
Let live and
strengthen the
indestructible
friendship and
cooperation of
the Soviet and
Chinese
people
Man of the Year 1942
Good old uncle Joe,
Bad Stalin
Stalin
• To eliminate
opposition, Stalin
began a series of
purges
– Purges: are the
removal of enemies
and undesirable
individuals from
positions of power.
Stalin
Stalin
• Victims of the purges
would be:
– Executed
– Forced to commit
suicide
– Sent to a Gulag
– Forced to name other
wreckers or saboteurs
(enemies of the
revolution)
So what’s a Gulag?
• Within a month of
Hitler being made
Chancellor the German
Reichstag is set on fire,
the Jews, Communists,
and Jewish Communists
are blamed.
The Reichstag Fire
• Hitler persuaded President Hindenburg
to sign an emergency decree. This
authorized Hitler to suspend all civil
rights and arrest and execute any
suspicious person.
• When president
Hindenburg died in
1934, Hitler
combines the offices
of President and
Chancellor, and has
the Parliament vote to
turn all power over to
the new “Fuhrer”
• As soon as Hitler takes
power he eliminates
ALL political
Germany: Hitler
opposition
– The “night of the long
knives,” Hitler has over
200 political opponents
murdered.
Germany: Hitler
• “He alone, who
owns the youth,
gains the Future!”
– -- Adolf Hitler, 1935
The Jews
•November 1939- The Soviet Union attacks Finland. Finland holds out at first, but
•Outnumbered 5 to 1 they surrender in March. Finland keeps its independence, but gives up territory
to Stalin.
BLITZKREIG
Step One
•Attack with the Luftwaffe (Airforce)
–Fighters (air superiority)
–Stuka (Dive bombers)
–Bombers
•Destroy Communications (radio…)
•Destroy Transportation (bridges, RR)
•Destroy Military Targets (bases, supply)
BLITZKREIG
Step Two
•Next come the PANZERS (tanks)
•Hitler’s military designers had developed
extremely advanced tanks.
•Their tanks were light years ahead.
•Advance very quickly, and destroy any
remaining targets that the Luftwaffe had left
behind. (Comm, Trans, Military)
BLITZKREIG
Step Three
•Finally come the infantry
•They had been training for several years and
these troops were VERY ready.
•Hitler’s troops were already battle experienced
b/c of the Spanish Civil War.
•Their job was to MOP UP anything left.
BLITZKREIG
Conclusion
•The Blitzkrieg was a style of battle, that had
never been seen before.
•It was extremely successful, it was so
overwhelming that no one had a defense to it.
•When other nations saw this attack they were
not sure if Hitler was THAT good, or was Poland
THAT bad……
•Cartoonist shows
how Hitler walked
through Europe
unopposed.
•Hitler’s “blitzkrieg”
military tactics made
his armies near
impossible to stop.
Britain
finest hour."
Britain
Britain
The London “Tube”:
Air Raid Shelters during the Blitz
The Royal Air Force
Britain
London’s Casualties
43,000 Killed
51,000 Seriously injured
88,000 Slightly injured
•Nearly 500 (RAF) pilots and aircrew had been killed, 500 wounded and
915 aircraft were destroyed.
•The once undefeated Luftwaffe (Nazis) had been beaten and lost 1733
aircraft and crews in the process.
Neutral
•Americans wanted to remain
neutral.
•America First Committee
•Committee to Defend
America by Aiding the Allies
•Feb. 21, 1940: If Germany is
defeating England & France,
should the U.S. declare war on
Germany and send our Army and
Navy to Europe to fight against
Hitler?
Neutral
December 16, 1940:
Do you think it was a
mistake for the U.S.
to enter the first
World War?
Yes: 39%
No 42%
No opinion 19%
Neutral
LEND LEASE
LEND LEASE
Heavy cruisers 1 13 - - 18
Light cruisers 7 11 3 1 18
Destroyers 13 80 7 - 113
Submarines - 56 13 - 63
•Pearl Harbor, on the Island of
O'ahu, Hawaii, (then a territory
of the United States) was
attacked by the Japanese
Imperial Navy, at approximately
8:00 A.M., Sunday morning,
December 7, 1941.
•The surprise attack had been
Admiral Isoroku
Yamamoto
conceived by Admiral Isoroku
Yamamoto.
•The striking force of 353
Japanese aircraft was led by
Commander Mitsuo Fuchida.
•There had been no formal
declaration of war.
Captain Mitsuo
Fuchida
•In less than 2 hours, the Pacific
Fleet lost two battleships, six
others were heavily battered and
nearly a dozen lesser vessels put
out of action.
•More than 150 planes were
wrecked; over 2,300 servicemen
were killed and 1,100 wounded.
•Blame was widespread, both on
the Officials in Washington and on
the Admiral and the General in
Hawaii.
History in every century,
records an act that lives forevermore.
We'll recall as in to line we fall,
the thing that happened on Hawaii's
shore.
Let's REMEMBER PEARL HARBOR
As we go to meet the foe
Let's REMEMBER PEARL HARBOR
As we did the Alamo.
We will always remember how they
died for liberty,
Let's REMEMBER PEARL HARBOR and
go on to victory.
posters
•After Pearl Harbor and
four months of defeat in
the Pacific,
•FDR asked military
leaders to strike back at
the heart of Japan.
•FDR wanted to boost
American morale.
•Show the USA was
capable of retaliation
against an unprovoked
attack.
Lt. Col. Jimmy DooLittle
•Strike Japan as they did
Pearl Harbor.
•Led by Lt. Col. James H.
“Jimmy” Doolittle.
•Strike 5 major cities,
including Tokyo
•With 16 B-25 bombers
from the flight deck of the
USS Hornet
•A task which had never
A B-25 taking off the USS Hornet been done.
•After the raid, the planes
were to turn and head for
China.
•Although there
were many enemy
fighters in the air,
not a single plane
was damaged or
shot down during
the raid.
•Fifteen planes
headed for China,
and one headed for
Russia, landing
safely near
Vladivostok.
•Had to launch early
because they were
detected by a
Japanese fisherman.
•200 miles from their
earlier launch point
led to fuel problems.
•The 16 bombers
each headed for their
specific assigned
attack area.
The crews were forced to bail out over
the mountains or ditch the aircraft
offshore.
Two crewmen died on the swim to
shore, another was killed during
bailout.
Four men on one crew were seriously
injured while ditching their bomber.
Eight were captured by the Japanese;
three of which were executed 6 months
later by a firing squad after a mock
trial.
Another died of malnutrition.
The remaining 4 were starved,
tortured, and placed in solitary
confinement until their rescue by the
OSS (office of Strategic Services) in
1945.
The crew that landed in Russia were
interned, but they were able to escape
to Iran 14 months later. The plane was
never returned.
Each Raider received the
Distinguished Flying Cross for their
mission.
Two received silver stars for their
valor and bravery in aiding their fellow
Raiders.
Doolittlewas promoted to Brigadier
General, skipping the rank of Colonel.
He also received the Medal of Honor
from FDR for his gallantry in leading the
mission.
Doolittle thought the mission was a failure.
Attack boosted the morale of the Americans.
The Japanese completely revised their plan
of conquest of the USA.
Two months after the Raider’s attacked,
Japan attacked Midway Island with a huge
task force.
They lost the resulting battle.
USA sank four aircraft carriers and caused
the Japanese to retreat.
This battle marked the turning point of
Japanese aggression in the South Pacific.
Approximately 100 ships of the U.S. Navy were present that morning, consisting
of battleships, destroyers, cruisers and various support ships.