PYTHON 2

OOP
TS. NGUYỄN HOÀNG LONG
0916666384
[email protected]
 OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING

An object contains data and behavior The concept of OOP in Python focuses
on developing reusable code. This
concept is also known as DRY (Don't
Repeat Yourself).

Conceptually, objects are like the Object-oriented programming (OOP) is

components of a system. a method of structuring a program by
bundling related properties and
behaviors into individual objects

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 OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING

Computationally, OOP software is Suitable for big and complicated

slower, and uses more memory since projects
more lines of code have to be written

OOPs take time to get used to it. The Development is faster and cheaper,
concept may be too complex for with better software maintainability
beginners

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4 CLASS VS
OBJECT
• Class: can be defined as a template
which describes the data and
methods of a group of object

• Object: object is an instance of a

predefined class or subclass with the
class's own methods or procedures
and data variables
5 CLASS VS
OBJECT
• Class: can be defined as a template
which describes the data and
methods of a group of object

• Object: object is an instance of a

predefined class or subclass with the
class's own methods or procedures
and data variables
 CLASS = DATA + METHODS

• DATA or Attributes: characteristics of the objects

• METHODS: actions that the objects can perform

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 DECLARE A CLASS

• Syntax: class class-name

• __init__() function: the initializer that

is used to instantiate objects
class class-name: • Self is the default parameter, refers to the
def __init__(self, data1, data2, …):
self.data1 = data1 object itself
self.data2 = data2
…. • data1, data2: attributes of the object

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 INSTANTIATE AN OBJECT
• Instantiate an object
object = class-name (data1, data2, …)

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 INSTANTIATE AN OBJECT
• Instantiate an object
object = class-name (data1, data2, …)

• Access an object's attributes

object.data-name

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 INSTANTIATE AN OBJECT
• Instantiate an object
object = class-name (data1, data2, …)

• Access an object's attributes

object.data-name

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RUN

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PRACTISE 2-1

Write a Python program to create a class

of card game

The Card class should have a suit

(Hearts, Diamonds, Clubs, Spades)
and a value (A,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,J,Q,K)

Instantiate a card object, then print

the card values
 INSTANCE METHODS

• Instance methods are functions defined in

classes and accessed only from instances
(objects) of those classes.
• Similar to define a function, the def
keyword is used to defined an instance
method with the self argument.

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 INSTANCE METHODS

• Instance methods are functions defined in

classes and accessed only from instances
(objects) of those classes.
• Similar to define a function, the def
keyword is used to defined an instance
method with the self argument.
• To call an instance method:
object.method-name(arguments)

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RUN

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PRACTISE 2-2

Write an instance method of the Card

class to print the card values
INSTANCE METHOD WITH
PARAMETERS
Add delay() method to class Flight

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RUN

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PRACTISE 2-3
Write a Python program to create a class
of a desk of cards

There should be a shuffle method

which makes sure the deck of cards
has all 52 cards and then rearranges
them randomly

Instantiate a deck object, then print all the

cards in the deck object

Run shuffle() then print all the cards in

the deck object
SHUFFLE

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DUNDER METHOD

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 DUNDER METHOD
Dunder method is also called magic method. Dunder method is used to customized the built-in
method of classes

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DEFAULT GREATER THAN FUNCTION

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 CUSTOMIZE THE
GREATER THAN FUNCTION

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PRACTISE 2-4
The Deck class should have a deal
method to deal a single card from the
deck

After a card is dealt, it is removed

from the deck

Deal a card, then print the dealed

card and the remaining cards in the
desk

Customise the greater than function

to compare two deal cards (e.g. the
Ace card is stronger than the K card)
 DEL OBJECT
Objects should be deleted after used to release the memory

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CUSTOMISE DEL() FUNCTION

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PRACTISE 2-5

Customise the print function of the Deck

class
 ADD MORE ATTRIBUTES TO CLASS
• Add variable counter to class Flight
• counter is the class attribute and can be
access by using:
Class-name.counter
• Add id attribute to class Flight
• counter is used to count the number of
flight and be the value for id attribute
• Add passengers attribute to store the list of
passenger of each flight

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 UPGRADE AND ADD MORE METHOD
• Add more code to print_info(self) method

• Add add_passenger(self, p) method

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ADD CLASS PASSENGER

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UPGRADE MAIN FUNCTION

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RUN

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 ACCESS CLASS ATTRIBUTE

To access class attribute

object.__class__.class-attribute

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RUN

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PRACTISE 2-6

Write a Python program to create Player

class

Instantiate four players

Write a method that deals nine cards

in the desk to each player

Print the cards of each player

 INHERITANCE

The sub-class inherits all the data and A class (often called a super class) can
methods of the parent class. The be inherited by another class (often
inherited components can be extended. called a sub-class or child-class)
New data and methods can be also
added into the sub-class

Inheritance is one of the typical One of the main advantages of Object

mechanisms of reusability Oriented Programming is reusability

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 AIRLINE PROJECT
• An airline company offers two types of flight:
• Cheap flight
• Normal flight

• Normal flight:
✓ passengers can get customer points for the
purchased tickets
✓ Provide meal for passengers

• Cheap flight:
✓ Passengers do not get customer points for the
purchased tickets
✓ Passenger can get one bottle of water

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 SOLUTION

class Cheap_Flight class Normal_Flight

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 INHERITANCE
CHEAP FLIGHT – NORMAL FLIGHT

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TEST INHERITANCE

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CHALLENGE

Think about a case when you can apply

inheritance to solve your problems

Write python program to

demonstrate your idea
 ENCAPSULATION

The private property is denoted by a "-" Those types of variables are called
or "__" as a prefix private variables

An object's variable can not be assigned Encapsulation is used to prevent

a new value. It only can be done by accidental changes on the value of a
using the object's method. specific object’s attribute by places
restrictions on direct access to that
object’s attribute

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NO ENCAPSULATION

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 ENCAPSULATION
DECLARE PRIVATE VARIABLE

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 ASSIGN NEW VALUE
FOR PRIVATE VARIABLE

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 ENCAPSULATION
ADD CHANGE_DRINK METHOD

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 POLYMORPHISM

For example: the input for the len The coding process is easier and more
function can be either a string or a a list efficient when using Polymorphism in
some cases.

Polymorphism = the same function Polymorphism = Poly (many) and

name can be used for different data morphism (forms).
types (objects)

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POLYMORPHISM - 1

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POLYMORPHISM - 2

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POLYMORPHISM – 3

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POLYMORPHISM - 4

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POLYMORPHISM - 5

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POLYMORPHISM - 6

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