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1. The document defines biosafety, biosecurity, bioethics and discusses the principles of bioethics. 2. It describes the different biosafety levels from BSL1 to BSL4 and the safety equipment required at each level like biosafety cabinets, PPE, autoclaves etc. 3. Good microbiological techniques, bio risk management components like physical security, personnel security and IT security are also discussed.

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Yaahshini Sekar
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32 views40 pages

Notes Tutorial

1. The document defines biosafety, biosecurity, bioethics and discusses the principles of bioethics. 2. It describes the different biosafety levels from BSL1 to BSL4 and the safety equipment required at each level like biosafety cabinets, PPE, autoclaves etc. 3. Good microbiological techniques, bio risk management components like physical security, personnel security and IT security are also discussed.

Uploaded by

Yaahshini Sekar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction of Biosafety &

Biosecurity
Siti Junaidah Ahmad, PhD
Learning objectives of this lecture:
vDefine the terms of:
vBioethics, biosafety & biosecurity
vHazardous agents in the laboratory
v Describe the bio risk management component
vDifferentiate between various biosafety levels
v Discuss the types of biosecurity
Bio Risk Management
(BRM)

Bioethics Biosafety Biosecurity


Bioethics

vCommon morality theories are usually based on principles that are


used to guide ethical thinking, based on a shared moral belief.
vOne of these theories is Bioethics, the ethics of biology, biological
research and the applications of that research.
Biosafety
The application of knowledge, techniques and equipment to prevent
personal, laboratory and environmental exposure to potentially
infectious agents or biohazards.

Objectives of studying biosafety:


to reduce the potential exposure of the laboratory worker, persons
outside of the laboratory, and the environment to potentially
infectious agents
Goal of Bioethics
ØMerge science and ethics
ØBe sensitive to ethical aspect of actions
ØAct with justifiable moral basis
ØSpeak a universal moral language
Principles of Bioethics

Some of the early founders of bioethics put four principles, which


form this framework for moral reasoning.
These four principles are:
ØAutonomy – one should respect the right of individuals to make
their own decisions.
ØNon-maleficence – one should avoid causing harm.
ØBeneficence – one should take positive steps to help others.
ØJustice- benefits and risks should be fairly distributed.
Hazardous Agents in lab
Which have the potential to cause harm to humans, animals, or the
environment, either by itself or through interaction with other
factors.

Types of hazardous agents:


1-Chemical 2-Radiological or/ and physical 3-Electrical
4-Biological
Chemical Hazards
Examples:
ØSpilled to your skin
ØInhalation of chemical
ØIngestion (pipetting)
Physical hazards
Electrical Hazards
Biological Hazards
Samples have pathogens harmful to human and animal.
That can be transmitted via dealing with blood-fluids-urine
Cells and others.

Examples:
vBrucella sp. , Shigella sp. , Salmonella sp. , Neisseria
vHepatitis C&B Viruses , HIV viruses.
vGovernmental biological weapons programs

vNon-state actors: bioterrorism

vNaturally-occurring, emerging and re-emerging diseases

vAccidents, leaks, mistakes – or deliberate misuse or sabotage (bio-terror vs. bio-error)


General requirements

vFacility design
vWater supply / hand wash
vVentilation
vStandard lab practice

Safety equipment
vPersonal Protective equipment (PPE)
vBiosafety cabinet (BSC)
Biosafety levels
Biosafety Levels
Biosafety guidelines provide 4 levels of increasing and additive protections
BSL1 – Work with non-pathogens
BSL2 – Standard pathogen work
BSL3 – Containment Laboratory
BSL4 – Maximum containment laboratory

Biological safety cabinets were developed to provide primary


containment
Biosafety level 1 (minimum risk)

Laboratory Types: Standard teaching and research laboratories.


Laboratory Practices Requirements: Standard Good Laboratory Practices (PPE),
hand washing, and decontamination of work surfaces.
Safety Equipment Required:
Open bench , no need for Biological safety cabinets (BSCs).
Biosafety level 2 (moderate risk)

Laboratory Types: Primary healthcare diagnostic and research laboratories.


Laboratory Practices Requirements: PPE, restricted access to laboratory areas.
Safety Equipment Required:
1-open bench + hood
2-Autoclave
3- Strict dealing with waste
4-stick biological symbols
Hood
(safety cabinet) Open bench
Autoclave Waste handle Biological symbols
Biosafety level 3 (highly risk)

Laboratory Types: Research and diagnostic lab.


Laboratory Practices Requirements: PPE, restricted access to laboratory areas,
special clothing, directional air flow.
Safety Equipment Required:
Same of level2.
Special clothes Biosafety level 3

Air flow from clean area to contaminated area


Biosafety level 4 (life-threaten disease)

Laboratory Types: Dangerous pathogen unit


Laboratory Practices Requirements: PPE, restricted access to laboratory areas,
special clothing, air lock entry, shower exit, special waste disposable.
Safety Equipment Required:
1-Autoclave
2- class III hood
3-filtered air
Biosafety level 4
Laboratory Biosafety Levels
Physical Security

vPhysical security to reduce the risk of unauthorized access to a laboratory and of the loss or
theft of valuable biological materials is relatively good in all labs.
vThe most widespread physical security measures include locked laboratory doors, locked
building doors, and locked cabinets;
vless routinely researchers lock their refrigerators.
vMore sophisticated physical security measures,
vwhich may include implementation of more technological measures or other advanced
practices used to mitigate the risk of biological theft from a laboratory (video monitors, sensors
and alarms).
vSelf-closing doors are not common in most labs.
Personnel Security
vPersonnel security most typically involves biosecurity training for new employees,
vScreening the background of potential new employees,
vRestricted access to laboratory areas, and lists of employees who have access to restricted
areas.
vOverall, personnel security measures are more consistently applied than personal security
measures.
vPhoto identification badges ID.
vFacility escorts.
vTraining is must be applied.
IT Security
vIn all labs, password protection of computers and files is the most frequent information
security measure.
vIn contrast, storage of important hard copies of information (including paper, tapes, and
videos) in secure containers is the least practiced measure.
vOverall, Material Control and Accountability (MC&A) is generally quite robust within each
lab.
vThe laboratory head or direct supervisor is most commonly the person to account for a
laboratory’s pathogens and toxins.
GMT
Good microbiological techniques
GMT
1-Do not eat or drink in the lab and don’t use fridge for food
2-Report any accident (spill, breakage, etc.) or injury (cut, burn, etc.) to the teacher
immediately, Do not panic.
3-Never attempt unauthorized experiments
4-Keep work places clean and free of unwanted chemicals, biological specimens.
5- wear Gloves , lab coat, mask and glasses.
6- Tie hair and use closed shoes
7-Do not touch , taste, or smell any chemicals.
8-Do not use unlabeled bottle.
9-Work only with materials once you know their flammability,
reactivity, toxicity, safe handling and emergency procedures.
10-Never pipette by mouth; use mechanical transfer devices.
11-Do not mix chemicals in the sink.
12-If a chemical was splashed in your eye(s) or on your skin,
immediately flush with running water for at least 20 minutes.
Immediately (and loudly) yell out the teacher's name to get
the teacher's attention.
13-Walk DON’T run in the lab.
14-Keep exits and passageways clear at all times.
15-Turn of gas, water before leaving.
16-Wash your hands thoroughly before leaving the laboratory.
Thanks…
Tutorial:
qDiscuss safety equipment in laboratory that equipped with
different levels of biosafety.
q Give FIVE (5) of good microbiological techniques in
handling biological hazards.
q Compare the elements in bio risk management.
qWith give an example, describe the chemical, biological,
radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) risks.
qDescribe the four principles of bioethics.

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