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Englishn Notes PDF

A syllable is a unit of sound in a spoken word consisting of a vowel sound that may be preceded and/or followed by one or more consonant sounds. The three main parts of a syllable are the onset, nucleus, and coda. The nucleus is the vowel sound which is mandatory, while the onset and coda refer to optional preceding and following consonant sounds or clusters. Group discussions involve a group of individuals gathering formally or informally to discuss ideas, solve problems, or share opinions. Effective group discussion guidelines include preparing thoroughly, listening to others, maintaining composure, summarizing discussions, and adhering to time limits. Principles of effective speaking are precision and clarity, completeness, conciseness, and adaptation to

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151 views3 pages

Englishn Notes PDF

A syllable is a unit of sound in a spoken word consisting of a vowel sound that may be preceded and/or followed by one or more consonant sounds. The three main parts of a syllable are the onset, nucleus, and coda. The nucleus is the vowel sound which is mandatory, while the onset and coda refer to optional preceding and following consonant sounds or clusters. Group discussions involve a group of individuals gathering formally or informally to discuss ideas, solve problems, or share opinions. Effective group discussion guidelines include preparing thoroughly, listening to others, maintaining composure, summarizing discussions, and adhering to time limits. Principles of effective speaking are precision and clarity, completeness, conciseness, and adaptation to

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© © All Rights Reserved
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Q1:- What is a syllable and write some common syllabic structures?

Ans:- Syllable:-
A syllable is a single unbroken sound of a spoken or written word. It is one unit of sound in
English. Syllables join consonants and vowels to form words. Sometimes syllables are
referred to as the ‘beats’ of spoken language.
Syllable structure:-
Each language has certain restrictions to use possible combinations of sound to form words
or part of words. In English language, we cannot have a complete word having all
consonants or words beginning with a consonant sequence like fpg or zbn etc. Considering
these possible combinations of sound (syllables), a syllable structure is followed in English
language.

A syllable can have three parts: onset, nuclear, and coda. The onset and the coda are
consonants or consonant clusters. The onset appears at the beginning and the coda appears
at the end of the syllable. The nuclear is a vowel which forms the core of the syllable.
For example, in a word pin which has one syllable, [p] is the onset, [ i ] is a nucleus and [n] is
the coda.
If a coda is present in a syllable, the nucleus and the coda form a single unit called a rhyme;
otherwise the nucleus makes up the rhyme by itself. Looking at “pin” again, [in] forms the
rhyme.
The onset and coda are not necessarily present in a syllable but the nucleus is always
present. The nucleus can be preceded or followed by a consonant clusters.
For example
The word eye / ai / has only one syllable. It has nether the onset nor the coda but only the
nucleus.
Ice / ais/ has the nucleus and the coda but not the onset.

Q2:- What is group discussion? Explain the guidelines of it.


Ans:- A group discussion is a group of individuals with similar interests who gather either
formally or informally to bring up ideas, solve problems or give comments. The major
approaches are in person, via conference call, or website. People respond to comments and
post forums in the established mailing lists, newsgroups or, other group members could
choose to respond by posting text or images.

Group discussion is primarily used to know the social framework, personality, behavior,
interests, and leadership qualities of a number of candidates simultaneously.

Guidelines for effective GDs

 Develop and sharpen speaking and interpersonal skills.


 Prepare thoroughly on current affairs/topics.
 Learn to analyse the subject and argue while adhering to the time limit.
 Allow someone else to start the topic unless you are fully prepared.
 Listen carefully to others. You may quote other while supporting your
argument.
 Maintain cool while speaking.
 Subordinate your ego to the larger objective of working together and
complete the topic within given time framework.
 Summarize your discussion. Do not force consensus.

Q3:- Explain the pre principles of effective speech? Explain in detail.


Ans:-
Principles of an Effective Speaking:
Principle of preciseness and clarity:
It always emphasizes on both clarities of thoughts and clarity of expressions. The speaker
should have to deliver a speech in such a way that it should always be clearly understood by
the audience and this is the founder of preciseness and clarity whenever you come to the
effective speech.
Principle of completeness:
It always emphasized the need to cover all the details which are related to the topic. There
should not any incomplete message.
Principle of conciseness:

It always emphasizes the need to include necessary a sufficient point to speech. The speaker
should avoid unnecessary details and lecturing. Speaker should give respect the precious
time of the audience.
Principle of adaptation:

It defines how well does the speaker adapt himself according to the situation, circumstances
and audiences so that the right message should be passed to the listener. Effective speaking
does not only depend on good voice production or articulation but also some other factors
such as tone, volume, pace, speech, and use of pause contribute to the good delivery.

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