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Tutorial-3 CRE1 CLL122 PDF

1. The document provides information on six questions regarding reaction stoichiometry and kinetics. It includes setting up stoichiometric tables and writing rate equations as functions of conversion for various reaction systems, including CSTR, PBR, batch, and flow reactors. 2. Additional details are given about specific commercial production processes and reactions involving ethylene oxide, phthalic anhydride, ammonia, and nitric acid. 3. The questions require determining concentrations and rates as functions of conversion, as well as evaluating how different operating conditions like temperature, feed composition, and reactor type impact the rate expressions and kinetics.

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Sunandita Borah
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
236 views

Tutorial-3 CRE1 CLL122 PDF

1. The document provides information on six questions regarding reaction stoichiometry and kinetics. It includes setting up stoichiometric tables and writing rate equations as functions of conversion for various reaction systems, including CSTR, PBR, batch, and flow reactors. 2. Additional details are given about specific commercial production processes and reactions involving ethylene oxide, phthalic anhydride, ammonia, and nitric acid. 3. The questions require determining concentrations and rates as functions of conversion, as well as evaluating how different operating conditions like temperature, feed composition, and reactor type impact the rate expressions and kinetics.

Uploaded by

Sunandita Borah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Question 1:

Set up a stoichiometric table for each of the following reactions and express the concentration of each
species in the reaction as a function of conversion evaluating all constants (e.g.,   ).Then, assume the
reaction follows an elementary rate law, and write the reaction rate solely as a function of conversion
i.e. -rA=f(X)

1. The liquid-phase reaction

the entering concentrations of ethylene oxide and water are 1 lb-mol/ft3 and 3.47 Ib-mol/ft3
(62.41 lb/ft3 + 18), respectively. If k= 0.1 dm3/mol.s at 300K and E=12500 cal/mol, calculate the
CSTR space-time for 90% conversion at 300K and at 350 K

2. The isothermal, isobaric gas-phase pyrolysis

C2H6 -> C2H4 + H2

Pure ethane enters the flow reactor at 6 atm and 1100 K. How would your equation for the
concentration and reaction rate change if the reaction were to be carried out in a constant-
volume batch reactor?
3. The isothermal, isobaric, catalytic gas-phase oxidation

The feed enters a PBR at 6 atm and 260°C and is a stoichiometric mixture of only oxygen and
ethylene.
4. For the isothermal, isobaric , catalytic gas phase reaction carried out in a fluidized CSTR

+ H2 ->

The feed enters at 6 atm and 1700C and is a stoichiometric mixture. What catalyst weight is
required to reach 80% conversion in a fluidized CSTR at 1700C and at 2700C? The rate constant
is defined wrt benzene and v0=50 dm3/min.

kB= 53 mol/(kgcat . min atm3) at 300K with E=80kJ/mol

Question 2:

There were 5430 million pounds of ethylene oxide produced in the United States in 1995. The
flowsheet for the commercial production of ethlylene oxide (EO) by oxidation of ethylene is shown
below. We note that the process essentially consists of two systems, a reaction system and a
separation system. Discuss the flowsheet and how your answers to question 1.3 would change if air
is used in a stoichiometric feed?

Question 3:

There were 820 million pounds of phthalic anhydride produced in the United States in 1995. One of the
end uses of phthalic anhydride is in the fiberglass of sailboat hulls. Phthalic anhydride can be produced
by the partial oxidation of naphthalene in either a fixed or a fluidized catalytic bed. A flowsheet for the
commercial process is shown in Figure below. Here the reaction is carried out in a fixed-bed reactor with
a vanadium pentoxide catalyst packed in 25-mm-diameter tubes. A production rate of 31,000 tons per
year would require 15,000 tubes.
Set up a stoichiometric table for this reaction for an initial mixture of 3.5% naphthalene and 96.5% air
(mol %), and use this table to develop the relations listed below. Po = 10 atm and To = 500 K.

a. For an isothermal flow reactor in which there is no pressure drop, determine each of the
following as a function of the conversion of naphthalene, XN.
a. The partial pressures of 02, and CO2
b. The concentrations of 02, and naphthalene
c. The volumetric flow rate v.
b. If the reaction just happened to be first order in oxygen and second order in naphthalene with a
value of kN of 0.01 dm6/mol2. s, write an equation for -rN solely as a function of conversion for
parts (a)
c. Rework part (b) for stoichiometric feed of pure oxygen. What would be the advantages and
disadvantages of using pure oxygen rather than air.

Question 4:

The gas phase reaction

1/2N2 + 3/2H2 -> NH3

is to be carried out isothermally. The molar feed is 50% H2 and 50% N2, at a pressure of 16.4 atm and
227OC.

a. Construct a complete stoichiometric table.


b. What are CA0,  and ? Calculate the concentrations of ammonia and hydrogen when the
conversion of H2 is 60%.
c. Suppose by chance the reaction is elementary with kN2 = 40 dm3/mol.s. Write the rate of
reaction solely as a function of conversion for (1) a flow system (2) a constant volume batch
system.

Question 5:

Nitric acid is made commercially from nitric oxide. Nitric oxide is produced by the gas-phase
oxidation of ammonia:

4NH3+502 -> 4N0+6H20

The feed consists of 15 mol % ammonia in air at 8.2 am and 227°C.


(a) What is the total entering concentration?
(b) What is the entering concentration of ammonia?
(c) Set up a stoichiometric table with ammonia as your basis of calculation.
Then
i. Express Pi and Ci for all species as functions of conversion for a constant-pressure batch
reactor operated isothermally. Express volume as a function of X.
ii. Express Pi and Ci for all species as functions of conversion for a constant-volume
reactor. Express P, as a function of X.
iii. Express Pi and Ci for all species as functions of conversion for a flow reactor.
iv. Write the combined mole balance and rate law solely in terms of the of the molar flow
rates and rate law parameters. Assume elementary reaction.

Question 6:

Consider a cylindrical batch reactor that has one end fitted with a frictionless piston attached to a spring
(Figure below). The reaction

A+B -> 8C

with the rate expression

-rA = k1C2ACB

is taking place in this type of reactor.

(a) Write the rate law solely as a function of conversion, numerically evaluating all possible symbols.

(b) What is the conversion and rate of reaction when V = 0.2 ft3?

Additional information:

Equal moles of A and B are present at t = 0


Initial volume: 0.15 ft3
Value of k1: 1.0 (ft3/lb mol)2.s-1
The relationship between the volume of the reactor and pressure within the reactor is “
V = (0.1)(P) (V in ft3, P in atm)
Temperature of system (considered constant): 140°F
Gas constant: 0.73 ft3 atm/lb mol. 0R

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