ROTATIONAL MOTION

Total number of Questions in Rotational Motion are :

In Chapter Examples ............................................................ 29

Solved Examples .................................................................. 36

Total no. of questions ......................................................... 65

1. ANGULAR DISPLACEMENT 2. ANGULAR VELOCITY

a. The angular displacement per unit time is

P
defined as angular velocity. If, a particle

S 
moves from P to Q in time  t ,   = '
t
 where  is the angular displacemnet during
r1 Q
the time interval t.
Q
  d
r2 If  = Lim = = Instantaneous
O t 0 t dt
angular velocity .
a. When a particle moves in a curved path, the 2  1 
angle subtended by its position vector about  = t t = = average angular velocity
2 1 t
a f ixed point is known as angular
displacement. b. Unit : Radian /sec

b. Unit : radian c. Dimension : [M0L0T–1]] which is same as

c. Dimension : M0L0T 0 that of frequency.
d. It is a vector quantity whose direction is given d. It is a vector quantity, whose direction is
by right hand screw rule. normal to the rotational plane & its direction
is given by right hand screw rule.
e. If  be the angular displacement of a particle
moving in a circular path of e. If  be the angular velocity, v be the linear
velocity & r be the radius of path, we have
  
the following relation. v =  × r

or v = r .

f. If f be the frequency,   = 2 f

2
If T be the time period ,   =
T
radius r and S be the length of arc, S = r
g. The angular veloctiy of a rotating rigid body
Note :- 360º = 2 radian can be either positive or negative, depending
Example
on whether body is rotating in the direction of
based on Angular displacement increasing  (anticlokwise) or of decreasing
Ex.1 If a particle complete one and half revolution  (clockwise) .
along the circumference of a circle then its h. The magnitude of an angular velocity is called
angular displcement is- the angular speed which in also represented
(A) 0 (B)  by ,
(C) 2 (D) 3
Sol.(D) = 3
1.1 Equation of Linear Motion and Rotational Motion
Linear Motion Rotational Motion
(a) If acceleration is 0, v = constant and s = vt. (a) If acceleration is 0,  = constant and  = t.
(b) If acceleration a = constant, (b) If acceleration a = constant then

u  v  1  2 
(i) s = t (i)  = t
2 2

v u  2  1
(ii) a = (ii)  =
t t
(iii) v = u+ at (iii) 2 = 1 +  t

1
(iv) s = ut + (1/2) at2 (iv)  = 1t + 2  t
(v) v 2 = u2 +2as (v)  = 12 + 2  
1 
(vi) Snth = u + a (2n–1) (vi)  nth = 1 + (2n – 1) 2
2
(c) If acceleration is not constant, the above (c) If acceleration is not constant, the above
equation will not be applicable. In this case equation will not be applicable. In this case

dx d
i) v = i)  = dt
dt

dv d2 x d d2 
ii) a = = ii)  = =
dt dt 2 dt dt 2

iii) v dv = a ds iii)  d =  d

ANGULAR VELOCITY 3. ANGULAR ACCELERATION

Ex.2 A wheel of mass 6 kg is rotating at 300 rpm.
(a) The rate of change of angular velocity is
Its angular velocity will be-
(A) 31.4 rad/sec (B) 3.14 rad/sec defined as angular acceleration.
(C) 0.314 rad/sec (D) 0.0314 rad/sec (b) Suppose at time t1, a particle has angular
2n 2  3.14  300  
Sol.(A) Here, = = = 31.4 rad/sec velocity 1 & 2 at time t 2 then
t 60
 
  2  1
angular acceleration,  =
Ex.3 If angular displacement of a particle moving t 2  t1
on a curved path be given as,  = 1.5 t + 2t2, d2 

where t is in sec, the angular velocity at   =
dt 2
t = 2 sec, will be- (in rad/sec)
(c) It is a vector quantity, whose direction is
(A) 1.5 (B) 2.5 (C) 9.5 (D) 8.5
along the change in direction of angular
d
Sol.(C)  = 1.5 t + 2t 2 ,  = 1.5 + 4t, velocity.
dt
 d  (d) Unit : Radian/sec2
Now,   = 1.5 + 4 × 2 =1.5 + 8
 dt at t  2 sec (e) Dimension : M0L0T–2
= 9.5 rad/sec
  Sol.(A) The speed of the car is,
(f) Relation between angular acceleration  and

linear acceleration a , is 72  1000
v = 72 km/h = 60  60
= 20 m/s
  
a =  × r or a = r

and the radius of each wheel is,
 
(g) Radial acceleration, a r =  × v . Its r = 0.25 m
direction is along the radius.
Therefore, the angular speed of the wheel is,
(h) Angular velocity, angular acceleration etc are
related to rotational axis and are known as v 20
= = = 80 rad/s
axial vector. r 0 .25

The angular displacement in 20 rotations is,

Angular acceleration  = 2 x 20 = 40  radian
Ex.4 A fly wheel starting from rest acquires in
10 sec an angular velocity of 240 revolutions From 2 = 20 + 2   we have
per minute. The angular acceleration will be-
0 = (80)2 + 2  (40)
(A) 25.1 rad/sec 2 (B) 2.51 rad/sec 2
(C) 0.251 rad/sec 2 (D) 251 rad/sec2      = – 25.5 rad/s2
Sol.(B) 1 = 0 rad/sec, 2 = 2 (240/60) The negative sign means that there is
= 25.1 rad/sec retardation.
 2  1 25.1  0
  = = = 2.51 rad/sec2
t 10 Ex.7 A wheel starting from rest, is rotating with a
constant angular acceleration of 3.0 rad/sec2.
Ex.5 The angular velocity of a wheel increases from
1200 to 4500 rev/min in 10 sec. The number An observer notes that it traces an angle of
of revolutions made during this time is- 120 radian in 4.0 sec interval. For how long
(A) 475 (B) 425 (C) 450 (D) 950 the wheel had been rotated when the observer
Sol.(A) We know that = 0 + t started his observation ?
Here, 0 = 1200/60 = 20 rev/sec = 40 rad/sec (A) 4 sec (B) 2 sec
and  = 4500/60 = 75 rev/sec = 150  rad/sec (C) 8 sec (D) 6 sec
 150  = 40  +  (10)
Sol.(C) Let 0 be the angular velocity of wheel, when
(150  40 )
  = = 11  rad/sec2 the observer started his observation.
10
Let   be the angle traced by wheel during Now,  = 0t + (1/2)  t 2
this time, then Substituting the values, we get
 = 0t + (1/2) t 2 120 = 0 × 4.0 + (1/2) × 3.0 × (4.0)2
= 40 x 10 + (1/2) × 11 (10)2 = 950 
 0 = 24 rad/sec
Now number of revolutions n is given by,
 950 Further,   = 0' + t ......(1)
n = = = 475
2 2
Where 0 is the initial angular velocity at
Ex.6 A car is moving at a speed of 72 km/hr. The the starting of motion
diameter of its wheel is 0.50 m. If the wheels
are stopped in 20 rotations by applying Here  0 = 24 rad/sec
brakes, the angular retardation produced by           '0 = 0 and  = 3.0 rad/sec2
the brakes will be-
 t = 8.0 sec [ from (1)]
(A) 25.5 rad/s2 (B) 2.55 rad/s2
(C) 0.255 rad/s2 (D) 255 rad/s2
4. MOMENT OF INERTIA (ROTATIONAL INERTIA) i) Angular velocity ()
ii) Angular Acceleration ()
axis iii) Torque (  )
r1 m1
 vi) Angular Momentum (J)

m2 4.1 Radius of Gyration - (K)

r2
r  m
(a) The distance, from the axis of rotation where,
m 3
r3 the entire mass of the body is supposed to
be concentrated and the value of moment of
inertia is same as that due to actual
axis of rotation axis of rotation distribution of masses of body, is called

(a) The virtue, by which a body revolving about radius of gyration.

an axis opposes the change in rotational (b) The radius of gyration of a body about different
motion, is known as moment of inertia. axes is different
(b) The moment of inertia of a particle with
(c) If K be the radius of gyration, I = mK2
respect to an axis of rotation is equal to the
product of mass of the particle and square of I
 K =
distance from the axis, hence  = mr2 m

(c) The moment of inertia of a system about an 2 2 2

m1r1  m 2r2    mnrn
axis of rotation is equal to the sum of  K =
moment of inertia of all the particles of the m1  m 2      m n

system about the axis of rotation. (d) For a symmetrical body, the radius of
2
gyration is equal to the root mean square of
 = m1r12 + m2r22 +------=  miri2 = r dm
 distances of all the particles from the axis of
rotation.
(d) It is a scalar quantity
or if, m1 = m2 = ----------- = m n
(e) Unit : In M.K.S = kg - m 2,
2 2 2
r1  r2      rn
In C.G.S = gm-cm 2 K = = rrms
n
(f) Dimension : [M1L2T0]
(e) The value of radius of gyration depends upon
(g) Moment of inertia depends on the following the axis of rotation and mass distribution
factors. with respect to it
i½ Mass of body (f) Radius of gyration does not depend upon
ii½ Mass distribution of body or shape, size, mass of body.

density of body. 4.2 Theorems of moment of inertia

iii½ On the position of axis of rotation. (a) Theorem of perpendicular axis -
Note & The more is the distribution of mass with Z Y
respect to axis of rotation the more will be
moment of inertia.
O
(h) Moment of inertia does not depend on the X' X
Z'
following factors.
Y'
 According to this theorem the moment of 1) r1 + r2 = r
inertia of a lamina about an axis passing
through its axis and perpendicular to its plane 2) m1r1 = m2 r2
is equal to the sum of moment of inertia
about the two mutually perpendicular axis in m 2r m1r
3) r1 = , r2 =
the plane of lamina. The normal axis OZ must m1  m 2 m1  m 2
pass through the point intersection of two
mutually perpendicular axes OX and OY. 4) I = m1r12 + m2 r22

 Izz' = Ixx'+ Iyy'  m1m2 

5) I =  m  m  r2
 = r2
 1 2 
Note %& This theorem is used only for plane lamina.

(b) Theorem of parallel axes :- m1m 2

where  = m  m is known as
1 2
X
a reduced mass
d < m 1 and  < m 2

6) In Diatomic molecules like H2, HCl etc.

moment of inertia about there center of
CM
mass is derived from above formula.

X' a'

According to this theorem, the moment of

inertia of a body about any axis is equal to
the sum of moment of inertia about an axis
passing through its centre of gravity and
parallel to given axis and product of its mass
and square of distance between the centre of
gravity and the axis of rotation.

Ixx' = I C.G + Md2

(c) The moment of inertia of two point

masses about their centre of mass -
m1 m2
CM'
r1 r2

Let m1 and m2 be two masses distant r from

each other and r1 and r2 be the distances of
their centre of mass f rom m 1 to m 2
respectively.
FORMULAE FOR THE MOMENT OF INERTIA OF REGULAR BODIES

Shape of Axis of Rotation Figure Moment of Radius of

body Inertia (I) Gyration (K)

(1) Circular Ring 1) Passes through the centre

MR2 R
and perpendicular to the plane
M:- Mass
R:- Radius

2) About its Diameter in its (1/2)MR2 R / 2

own plane

3) About a tangential axis 2MR2 2R

perpendicular to its own plane.

3 3
4) About a tangential axis MR2 .R
2 2
in its own plane

(2) Circular disc 1) Passing through the centre

R
MR 2
2
2
M:- Mass and perpendicular to the plane
R:- Radius
R
2) About Diameter MR2/4
2

3) About a tangential axis 5 5

MR2 R
lying in its own plane. 4 2

4) About a tangential axis

3 3
Perpendicular to its own plane MR2 .R
2 2
3) Hollow Cylinder a) about its geometrical axis
MR2 R
M = Mass
l
R = Radius
L = Length
b) about an axis passing
FMR 2
M 2 I R2  2
through its CM and
perpendicular to its length CM
G
H2 
12 JK 
2 12
l

c) about an axis
perpendicular to its length FMR 2
M 2 I R2  2
and passing through one G
H2 
3 JK 2

3
end of the cylinder
l

(4) Solid Cylinder A) About its geometrical

M:- Mass Axis R
MR2
R:- Radius 2
C 2
L:- Length

B) About an axis passing

MR2 M 2 R2  2
through its C.G.and
 
4 12 4 12
C
Perpendicular to its axis
l

C) About the diameter of one L

R2  2
M O
P R2  2
of the faces of the cylinder M 4  3
and perpendicular to the
M
N P
Q 2

3
length .

(5) Annular disk A) Passing through centre

M R12  R22
and perpendicular to the plane [R 2 + R22]
2 1 2
R1
R1
R2
R2

M:- Mass,
R1 : Internal Radius B) About its diameter M[R12  R22 ] R12  R22
R2 : Outer Radius R1 R2
4 2
(6) Hollow Cylinder 1) About geometrical Axis
or about the Axis which is
M(R12  R22 ) R12  R22
R1 : Internal Radius passing through centre R1 R2
2 2
R2 :- Outer Radius
M :- Mass
L :- Length.
2) Passing through centre
of mass and perpendicular
L
L (R  R ) O L R  R
M
2

2
1
P
2
2
2 2
1
2
2

to its length
CM
M
M
N
12 4 P
Q 12  4

(7) Solid Sphere A) About its axis OR

diameter, which is passing 2 2
MR2 .R
M:- Mass through centre. 5 5

R:- Radius

B) About Tangential
7 7
MR2 .R
5 5

(8) Thin Spherical 1) Passing through axis

Shell or diameter. 2 2
MR2 .R
3 3

(Hollow Sphere) 2) About Tangential Axis 5 5

MR2 .R
M : Mass R : Radius 3 3
Thickness negligible

(9) Solid sphere with About passing through 5 5

2 [R  r ] 2 (R5  r 5 )
cavity centre OR about diameter M 3 3
5 [R  r ] 5 (R3  r 3 )
Internal radius = r
Outer Radius = R
Mass :- M
(10) Thin rod 1) Passing through centre
+ of mass and perpendicular ML2 L
[thickness is to length 12 2 3
L
negligible
w.r.t. length]
2) Passing through its one
end and perpendicular to L
ML2
Axis. 3
3

(11) Rectangular (a) about an axis passing

plate through CM and
Ma 2 a
a = Length perpendicular to side a in .
CM b 12 2 3
its plane
b = width
a

M = Mass b) about an axis passing

through CM and
b Mb 2 b
perpendicular to side b in
CM 12 2 3
its plane.
a

c) about an axis passing

through CM and
M(a2  b 2 ) a2  b2
b 12 12
CM

(12) Triangular 1) Passing through centre

Prism of mass and perpendicular
Ma 2 a
Side of base is (a) triangular face
and height (a) 6 6

(13) Cone 1) About the line joining of

Radius :- R top of the cone and mid .
3 3
height :- h point of base MR2 × R
10 10

R
 SPECIAL POINT
Ma 2
(a) Moment of inertia of square plate I1 = I 3 = I 4 =
12

I5
Ma 2
I5 = I1

a
6 CM

a
I3 I4
I5

Ma 2 I2 I1
(b) Momentum of inertia of cube :- I1 =
6

2Ma 2
I2 =
3
a

a
a

I AB
(c) In a triangle , M.I. will be If AC > B C > AB,
A
maximum relative to smallest side. IAC < I BC < I AB

B C I AC
IBC

I3
(d) In triangle , M.I. will be maximum
2
relative to that perpendicular axis If 1 < 2 < 
which passes through least angle. I1 > I 2 > I 3
3 1
I3 I1

(e) Greater the mass away from axis

of rotation , more will be MI.

Moment of intertia

Ex.8 If the radius of solid sphere is 35 cm. The ratio of radius of gyration, when the axis is along a diameter
to that when the axis is along a tangent will be-

10 35 7 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
35 10 1 7
Sol.(A) Along the diameter, I g = (2/5) mR 2 or Ex.11 If the moment of inertia of a disc about an
axis tangentially and parallel to its surface
2 2
K 2g = (2/5) R2 or Kg = R = 35 be I, what will be the moment of inertia about
5 5 the axis tangential but perpendicular to the
surface-
=7 10 cm
6 3
Along tangent, I = Ig + mR2 (A) I (B) I
5 4
2 2
 mK2 = m K g + mR2 or K2 = K g + R2
3 5
= (2/5) R2 + R2 = (7/5) R2 (C) I (D) I
2 4
7 7 Kg 10 Sol.(A) According to the theorem of parallel axes,
K = R = 35 , Now = the moment of inertia of the disc about an
5 5 K 35
axis tangentially and parallel to the surface
Ex.9 The diameter of flywheel increases by 1%. is given by
The percentage increase in moment of inertia
about axis of symmetry will be- MR 2 5
I = Iparallel = + MR2 = MR2
(A) 1 % (B) 2% 4 4
(C) 3% (D) 4% The moment of inertia of the disc about an
Sol.(B) The moment of inertia of flywheel is given by, axis tangential but perpendicular to the
I = MR2 surface is given by
Taking log,
log I = log M + 2 log R MR 2 3
I' = Iperpendicular = + MR2 = MR2
2 2
dI dR
Differentiating, =0+2
I R 6 5 2 6
=  4 MR  = I
 % change in moment of inertia 5   5

dI
= ×100 = 2 × 1% = 2% 5. TORQUE
I
Ex.10 The moment of inertia of sphere is 20 kg-m 2 y
about the diameter. The moment of inertia 
about any tangent will be- F
(A) 70 kg-m 2 (B) 35 kg-m 2  )
(C) 50 kg-m 2 (D) 20 kg-m 2 O
r
Sol.(A) According to the theorem of parallel axes, x
the have rs
in
2
I = IG + Ma2 = MR2 + MR2 ( a = R)
5
z
7
= MR2 (a) The torque of force F about the point O is
5
equal to the product of f orce and
2 perpendicular distance of line of action of
Given that MR2 = 20 force from point.
5
 = ¼Force½ x ¼Perpendicular distance of
20  5 line of action of force from point O)
or MR2 = = 50,
2
= Fr sin  = (Fsin ) r
7 = ¼The component of force perpendicular
 I = × 50 = 70 kg-m 2
5
to position vector) × (Position vector)
  = Fr sin , r sin  is known as lever arm 2

(b) Unit : In M.K.S = N-m (k) Work done by torque =  d

1
In C.G.S = dyne-cm
(c) Dimension : ML2T–2 = Torque × angular displacement

  
(d) In vector form  = r × F Torque

  
Given that, r = 2 i + 3 j and F = 2 i + 6 k .

= r F sin  n , where  is angle between r and Ex.12

The magnitude of torque will be-
F and n is unit vector perpendicular to the (A) 405 N.m (B) 410 N.m
  (C) 504 N.m (D) 510 N.m
plane of r and F .
  
(e) Torque is a vector quantity, whose direction Sol.(C) We know that,  = r × F
is perpendicular to the plane of force and 
position vector and its direction is given by   = (2 î + 3 ĵ ) × ( 2 î + 6 k̂ )
right hand screw rule.
= 12(– ĵ ) + 6(– k̂ ) + 18 î
(f) If the torque rotates the body in anticlock
wise direction, the torque is positive and if = – 12 ĵ – 6 k̂ + 18 î
the torque rotates the body in clock-wire
direction, the torque will be negative. [Note : î × î = 0, î × ĵ = k, ĵ × î = – k etc]
(g) If a body is acted upon by more than one 
Now, |  | = ( 12)2  ( 6)2  (18)2
force, the total torque is the vector sum of
each torque. = 144  36  324 = 504
    
 = 1 +++  2 +  2 +..........+  n Ex.13 A constant torque acting on a uniform circular
wheel changes its angular momentum from
(h)  = I  A0 to 4A0 in 4 seconds. The magnitude of
I - Moment of inertia with respect to axis of this toque is-
rotation. (A) 3A0/4 (B) A0
(C) 4A0 (D) 12A0
 - Angular acceleration with respect to axis
Sol.(A) J = 4A0 – A0 = 3A0 and T = 4
of rotation
J 3A 0
 - Torque of force which is causing the   = =
T 4
rotational motion
Ex.14 The moment of inertia of a wheel is 1000 kg-m2.

 dJ  At a given instant, its angular velocity is
(i)  = , where J is angular momentum 10 rad/s. After the wheel rotates through an
dt
angle of 100 radians the wheel's angular
(j) The more is the value of r, the more will be velocity is 100 rad/s. The torque applied on
torque and easier to rotate the body. wheel is-
i) The handle of screw driver is taken thick. (A) 4.95 × 105 N.m (B) 4.95 × 104 N.m
3
(C) 4.95 × 10 N.m (D) 49.5 × 105 N.m
ii) In villages the handle of flour-mill is placed Sol.(B) We know that 2 – 02 = 2  
near the circumference.
 2  02 (100 )2  (10)2
iii) The handle of handpump is kept-long.   = =
2 2  100
iv) The rinch used for opening the tap, is
= 49.5 rad/s2
kept-long.
 = I  = 1000 × 49.5 = 4.95 × 104 N-m.
Ex.15 An automobile engine develops 100 kilo-watt, (f) The work done by couple on a body is equal
when rotating at a speed of 1800 rev/min. to work done by torque
The torque developed by it will be-  Work done by couple = work done by torque
(A) 60 N-m (B) 531 N-m
(C) 5.31 N-m (D) 6.0 N-m =  d 
Sol.(B) The power delivered by th torque  exerted
on rotating body is given by (g) If particle complets n rotations under the effect
of couple or torque, work done
P
P =  or  = W =  (2 n)

(h) As on stretching a spring energy is stored in
Here P = 100 KW = 100, 000 Watt
it, in the same way as on twisting a wire the
work done by torque is stored in the form of
 1800 
 =   × 2 energy.
 60 

= 60  rad/sec, 1
5
W=  C d =
2
C2
10 0
        =
60  3.14  = C  ¼Restoring torque½,
= 531 N-m (where C = twisting coefficient)

Example
based on Couple
6. FORCES COUPLE
Ex.16 Two particles having charges +q and –q are
F connected to two ends of a rod of length l
and rod making an angle of 30º with the
electric field direction then the couple acting is
+q
F = qE
r l m
30º

(a) When two forces of equal magnitude act on

different points and in opposite direction,
these force form a couple.
(A) q L E (B) q L E/2
(b) The effect of couple is known by its moment.
(C) qE (D) 2 q L E
(c) The moment of couple is equal to the product
Sol. Couple =
of magnitude of any force and perpendicular
distance between the force. Force on one charge x Perpendicular
distance between charges
Moment of couple = (F) (r)
 = qE × L sin 30º
(d) The couple causes the rotational motion in
the body. qEl
=
(e) Generally both couple and torque carry equal 2
meanings.
When there is only one force applying on a
body the reaction force forms torque with it.
7. ANGULAR MOMENTUM    
J = J1 + J2 + J3 + ..........
(a) The moment of linear momentum of a
(j) Relation between angular momentum and
body with respect to any axis of rotation
angular velocity
is known as angular momentum.
(b) It is a v ector quantity, which is often J = I 
 
represented by L or I - Moment of inertia with respect to axis of
J
   rotation
(c) Angular momentum J = r × P
 - Angular velocity due to angular momentum

 J - The moment of momentum which is

mv
causing rotational motion.
(k) The rate of change of angular momentum is
r  equal to the torque applied on the body.


 dJ
rs  =
in dt
(l) In rotational motion angular momentum has
equal importance as linear momentum in
  linear motion
= r x (m v )
  (m) If torque acting of a particle is zero then
= m (r x v) 
  dJ
or J = rp sin  n  =0  =0
dt
= mvr sin  n Which implies that the angular momentum
 
remains conserved when no external force
 is angle between r and v n , acts on the body

is unit vector perpendicular to the plane of r 7.1 Law of Conservation of Angular Momentum

and v (a) If no external torque is acting upon a body
(d) The direction of angular momentum is rotating about an axis, then the angular
  momentum of the body remains constant that is,
perpendicular to the plane of r and v and it
is given by right hand screw rule. J = I = constant
(e) J = mvr sin  (b) Proof %& We have read above that when a
Cases : body rotates about an axis under the action
(I) If  = 0, J = 0 ¼Minimum ½ of an external torque  , the rate of change
of angular momentum of the body is equal to
(II) If  = 90º, J = mvr ¼Maximum½
the torque; that is,
= (mr2)  :  v = r. dJ
(f) Unit : J. second , kg m2/s, kg m 2 rad/sec dt
= 
(g) Dimension : [M1L2T –1 ] dJ
(h) If direction of rotation is anticlockwise, If the external torque is zero (  = 0), =0
dt
angular momentum is taken positive and if
direction of rotation is clockwise, angular  J = constant
momentum is taken negative.
This is the law of conservation of angular
(i) The angular momentum of a system of
particle's is equal to the vector sum of angular momentum.
momentum of each particle.
Examples :- iii) In a man with his arms outstretched and
holding heavy dumb bells in each hand, is
standing at the centre of a rotating table.
When the man pulls in his arms, the speed
of rot at i on of t he table increases. The
reason is that on pulling in the arms, the
distance R of the dumbells from the axis
of rotation decreases and so the moment
of inertia o the man decreases. Therefore, by
conservation of angular momentum, the
angular velocity increases. [fig. (3)]
fig. (2) In the same way, the ice skater and the ballet
dancer increase or decrease the angular
fig. (1) velocity of spin about a vertical axis by
pulling or extending out their limbs.

Angular momentum
Ex.17 A thin circular ring of mass M and radius r is
rotating about an axis passing through its
centre and perpendicular to its plane with a
constant angular velocity. Two objects, each
fig. (3) of mass m are attached gently to the opposite
ends of a diameter of the ring. The ring now
rotates with angular velocity -
(i) Suppose a ball is tied at one end of a cord
whose other end passes through a vertical (M  2m)
hollow tube. The tube is held in one hand (A) (B) M (M – m)
M  2m
and the cord in the other. The ball is set
into rotation in a horizontal circle. If the cord (M  2m) M
(C) (D)
is pulled down, shortening the radius of the M M  2m
circul ar pat h of t he bal l , the ball rotates
Sol.(D) As there is no external force acting an the
faster than before. The reason is that by
system, so angular momentum will remain
shortening the radius of the circle, the
conserved.
moment of inertia of the ball about the axis
of rotation decreases. Hence, by the law of Now J = I1  = I 22
conservation of angular m oment um , t he MR  = (MR2 + mR2 + mR2) 2
2
angular velocity of the ball about the axis
M
of rotation increases. [fig. (1)]        2 =
M + 2m
ii) When a diver jumps into water from a height,
he does not keep his body straight but pulls Ex.18 In a play ground there is a merry go round of
in his arms and legs towards the centre of mass 120 kg and radius 4 m. The radius of
his body. On doing so, the moment of gyration is 3 m. A child of mass 30 kg runs
inertia I of his body deceases. But since at a speed of 5 m/sec tangent to the rim of
the angular momentum I  reamains the merry go round when it is at rest and
constant, his angular v elocity  then jumps on it. It we neglect the friction,
correspondingly increases. Hence during the angular velocity of the merry-go-ground
jumping he can rotate his body in the air. and child will be-
[fig. (2)] (A) 0.1 rad/sec (B) 0.2 rad/sec
(C) 0.4 rad/sec (D) 0.8 rad/sec
Sol.(C) mcvr = I  [mc r2 + mk2] Ex.21 The z-component of angular momentum in
Given that, r = 4 m, m = 120 kg terms of linear momentum will be-

 30 × 5 × 4 = (120 × 32 + 30 × 42)  (A) Jz = xpy – ypx (B) Jz = ypy – xpx

and mc = 30 kg (C) Jz = zpy – ypz (D) Jz = zpx – xpz
  
Sol.(A) Jz = xpy – ypx, because J = r × p
600
or     = = 0.4 rad/sec
1080  480
8. KINETIC ENERGY OF ROTATION
Ex.19 A body of mass 1.0 kg is rotating on a
circular path of diameter 2.0 m at the rate of (a) The energy due to rotational motion of a body
10 rotations in 31.4 sec. The angular is known as rotational kinetic energy.
momentum of the body is- (in kg. m 2/s) (b) If I be moment and inertia of body about axis
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 2 (D) 1 of rotation and  be its angular velocity, then
Sol.(C) Mass of the body, m = 1.0 kg kinetic energy of rotation.
The distance of the body from the axis of
1 1
2 .0 Er = I 2 or Er = MK2 2
rotation, r = = 1.0 m 2 2
2
 Moment of inertia of the body about the
 
axis of rotation is , 1 J2 1 J.J
= =
I = mr2 = (A).(A)2 = 1 kg-m2 2 I 2 I
Angular velocity of the body,  = 2n, where
n is the number of rotations per/sec
(c) If  is constant, Er  I
10 (d) If I is constant, Er   2
Here, n =
31.4
10 1
     = 2 × 3.14 × = 2 rad/s (e) If Jis constant, Er 
31.4 I
 Angular momentum, J = I = 1 × 2
(f) Work energy theorem :-
= 2 kg-m2/s
Ex.20 The angular momentum of the earth rotating The work done by torque = change in kinetic
about its own axis will be- (Mass of
earth = 5.98 × 1027 gm and mean radius R energy of rotation
of earth = 9.37 x 106 m)
Sol. Given, M = 5.98 × 1027 gm = 5.98 × 1024 kg    
dEr dJ   J
and R = 9.37 × 106 m (g) Power of rotation P = =  = .  
dt  dt  I
2 radian    
Angular velocity,  =
1day
(h) If a body performs rotational kinetic motion
2
= rad/sec as well as linear motion, then the total energy
24  60  60
of body is equal to the sum of kinetic energy
Moment of inertia of earth of rotational motion and kinetic energy of
2 2 linear motion.
I= MR2 = × (5.98 × 1024) (9.37 × 106)2
5 5
 Total K.E = Er + Et
 J = I = 1.53 × 1034 kg m2/sec
(Putting the values of  and I) 1 1
= I2 + Mv 2
2 2
 (i) If rotation is taking place without skidding Ex.23 The moment of inertia of a body about a
given axis 1.2 kg-m2. Initially, the body is at
then v = r, a = r 
rest. In order to produce a rotational K.E. of
(j) Unit : same as that of energy 1500 joule, an angular acceleration of 25 rad/s2
(k) Dimension : M1L2T–2 must be applied about that axis for a duration
of-
Kinetic energy of rotation (A) 4 s (B) 2 s
(C) 8 s (D) 10 s
Ex.22 The moments of inertia of two rotating bodies
Sol.(B)
A and B are IA and IB (IA > IB) and their
K.E. = (1/2) I2
angular momentum are equal. If their kinetic
energies be KA and KB, respectively, then- = (1/2) I (t)2 = (1/2) I2t 2
 1500 = (1/2) (1.2) (25)2 t 2 or t = 2 s
KA 1 KB 1
(A) > (B) >
KB 1 KA 1
Ex.24 If a flywheel of mass 20 kg and diameter
KA KA 1 m is rotating 300 revolutions per minute,
1
(C) K = 1 (D) K = its kinetic energy will be -
B B 2
(A) 2465 J (B) 2.465 J
Sol.(B) The kinetic energy of a rotating body is, (C) 24.65 J (D) 246.5 J
K = 1/2 I2
300  2
and the angular momentum is, J = I Sol.(A) Here,  = = 31.4 rad/sec
60

J2 I = mR2 = 20 (1/2)2
 K =
2I
= 5 kg m 2
Let KA and KB be the kinetic energies of A 1 1
 K.E. = I2 = × 5 × (31.4)2 = 2465 J
and B. The angular momentum of each is J. 2 2
Then

KA J 2 / 2I A IB
= 2 =
KB J / 2IB IA

But IA > I B (given),  KB > KA

9. LINEAR AND ROLLING MOTION OF A BODY ON INCLINED PLANE

Linear Motion of Body on Inclined Plane - Rolling Motion of a Body on Inclined Plane-
A A

v v

s s
h h

 
B B
Let the length of inclined plane is s and its Let the length of inclined plane is s and its
inclination from horizontal be  inclination from horizontal be 
(a) Linear acceleration of body alinear= g sin  (a) Decrease in potential energy = Increase in

1 2 1 2
kinetic energy mgh = 2 I  + 2 mv

(b) Angular acceleration = Zero (b) Because the motion of body is without
sliding so v = R and a = R 
(c) The velocity acquired by body on reaching (c) Velocity on reaching lowest point is where,

2gh
the lowest point B is v linear = 2gh =
1  K 2 / R2

K is radius of gyration and R is the radius of body

(d) Angular velocity = Zero (d) Linear accleration on reaching the lowest point

g sin 
a =
1  K 2 / R2
(e) Time taken by body to reach lowest point B (e) Time taken to reach the lowest point of

2s 2s 2s(1  K 2 / R 2 )
is t linear = alinear = g sin  the plane is t =
g sin 

a
(f) The loss in potential energy on reaching the (f) Angular accleration  = ,
R
v
point B = Increase in Kinetic energy angular velocity =
R
1
= mgh = mv 2
2

Examples Linear and rolling motion of a body

based on on inclined plane

Ex. 25 A spherical ball rolls on a table without slipping. Then the fraction of its total energy associated
with rotation is-
(A) 2/5 (B) 3/5 (C) 2/7 (D) 3/7
Sol.(C) Total energy, Ex.28 A body of mass m slides down an incline
E = (1/2) I2 + (1/2) mv 2 and reaches the bottom with a velocity v. If
= (1/2) (2/5 mr2) 2 + (1/2) mr22 the same mass were in the form of a ring,
=(1/5) mr22 + (1/2) mr22 = (7/10) mr22 which rolls down this incline, the velocity of
Rotational energy = (1/5) mr22 the ring at bottom would have been-

1 2 2 (A) v (B) 2 v
Rotational energy mr  2
5 1
 = = (C) v (D)
Total energy 7 7 2/5 v
mr 2 2 2
10
Sol.(C) For slidding, a = g sin . Hence the velocity
Ex.26 A solid sphere and a solid cylinder having v is given by,
the same mass and radius, roll down the
v 2 = 0 + 2 (g sin ) x l .......(i)
same incline. The ratio of their acceleration
will be - For rolling, acceleration down the inclined
(A) 15 : 14 (B) 14 : 15 plane is given by,
(C) 5 : 3 (D) 3 : 5
Sol.(A) g sin  1
a= = g sin  ( k2 = R2)
 2  2
g sin  1  k 
We know that, a =  R2 
(1  k 2 / R 2 )  
5g sin  2g sin  In case of ring,
Here, a1 = and a2 = ,
7 3
a1 : a2 = 15 : 14 v2
Vr2 = 2 × (1/2 g sin ) × l = ,
2
Ex.27 A sphere is rolling down without slipping in
the incline plane from a vertical height h. The
linear velocity as it reaches the ground, if its v
  Vr =
mass is m and radius is r, will be-(k is radius 2
of gyration of sphere)
Ex.29 When a sphere rolls without slipping, the
2gh 2gh ratio of its kinetic energy of translation to its
(A) 2 2 (B) total kinetic energy is-
1  2k / r 1  k 2 / 2r 2
(A) 1: 7 (B) 1 : 2 (C) 1 : 1 (D) 5 : 7
2gh gh
(C) (D) 1
1 k 2 / r 2 1 k 2 / r 2 mv 2
E trans 2
Sol.(C) Sol.(D) = 1 1
E total mv 2  I2
When the sphere reaches the ground, its P.E. 2 2
is converted into its. K.E.
1
 K.E. = (1/2) mv 2 + (1/2) I2 mv 2
2
= (1/2) mv 2 + (1/2) (mk2) 2 = 1 12  v2
mv 2   mr 2  x 2
mgh = (1/2) m (v 2 + k22) 2 25  r
or 2gh = 2 (r2 + k2) ( v = r) 1 5
= =
1  ( 2 / 5) 7
2gh 2gh
   = 2 2 , v = 2
r k 1 k 2 / r 2 [ I = mr2, v = r]
5
 POINTS TO REMEMBER (g) Theorem of perpendicular axes %& This
theorem states that the moment of inertia of the
(a) A rigid body is said to be in general motion, if
body about an axis perpendicular to the plane of
it has both the translational and rotational
the body and passing through the point of
motions. intersection of two mutually perpendicular axes
(b) Moment of force about the axis of rotation is (lying in the plane of body) is equal to the sum
called torque. of its moment of Inertias about those axes i.e.
(c) Torque = Force x perpendicular distance of point Iz = Ix + Iy] where Ix = MI about X axis ]
of application of force from the axis of rotation. Iy = MI about Y axis
  
 = r. F or  = r ×F or  = rF sin  1
(h) Kinetic energy of rotation %& Krot = I2
  2
where  is the angle between r and F .
(i) Total energy of a rolling body %&
(d) Torque may be clockwise or anticlockwise.
Anticlockwise torque is taken as positive. 1 1
K = Ktrans + Krot = mv 2 + I2
2 2
(e) Power of Torque P=  × where  =
(j) Acceleration of a body rolling down an
d
 1 
dt inclined plane. %& a = g sin  1  
 mR 2 
(f) Theorem of parallel axis %& This theorem
states that the moment of inertia of a body
about an axis parallel to the axis passing through
C.G. is equal to the sum of its moment of inertia
about C.G. and Ma2, where M is the total mass
of the body and 'a' is the perpendicular distance
between two parallel axes. Thus
I = ICM + Ma2 ]
Where,
ICM = Moment of inertia of the body about centre
of mass,
M = Total mass of the body,
a = perpendicular distance between two parallel
axes.
 SOLVED EXAMPLES
Ex.1 The radius of a wheel of a car is 0.4 meter.
d
The car is accelerated from rest by an angular Sol.(A) Given,  = 3t – t2   = 3t – t2 or
acceleration of 1.5 rad/sec2 for 20 seconds. dt
Distance covered by wheel and linear velocity
 d = (3t - t2) dt   d =  (3t – t2) dt
will respectively be -
(A) 120 m,12 m/s (B) 12 m,12 m/s
 3t 2 t 3 
(C) 1.2 m,12 m/s (D) 120 m,1.2 m/s      =  2  3  + C
 
Sol.(A) Initially the wheel is at rest (  0 = 0). The
[ t = 0,  = 0  c = 0]
angular displacement of the wheel in t sec is
1 3t 2 t3
 = 0 t +  t2  = – Putting t = 2
2 2 3
1 8 10
=0+ (1.5 rad/sec2) (20 sec)2 =300 radian
2 = 6 – = rad/sec
3 3
Radius of the wheel, r = 0.4 meter. Therefore, Since there is no angular acceleration after
the linear displacement of the wheel is - 2 sec the angular velocity after 6 sec remains
the same i.e. 10/3 rad/sec.
s = r Ex.4 A wheel 'A' has a radius 20 cm coupled by
= 0.4 meter × 300 rad = 120 meter belt to wheel B of radius 30 cm as shown in
fig. Wheel A increases its angular speed from
This is the distance covered by the wheel. rest at a uniform rate of 3.14 rad/sec 2 . The
Angular velocity of the wheel after t sec is time for wheel B to reach a rotational
speed of 100 rev /min assuming that belt
 =  0 + t does not slip, will be-
= 0 + (1.5 rad/sec2) (20 sec) = 30 rad/sec
Therefore, the linear velocity of the wheel is
v = r A B
= 0.4 meter × 30 rad/sec = 12 meter/sec
Ex.2 A wheel of mass 6 kg is rotating at 300 rpm.
Its angular velocity will be (A) 5 sec (B) 10 sec
(A) 31.4 rad/sec (B) 3.14 rad/sec (C) 2.5 sec (D) 20 sec
(C) 0.314 rad/sec (D) 0.03 rad/sec Sol.(A) As the belt does not slip, velocity of
A = velocity B
2n 2 3.14 300
Sol.(A) Here ,  = = i.e. v A = v B or rAA = rBB
t 60
= 31.4 rad/sec Given, rA = 20 cm, rB = 30 cm
Ex.3 The shaft of an eletric motor starts from rest and B = 2 × 100/60 rad/sec
and on the application of a torque, it gains an So, 20 A = 30 x 2 x 100/60
angular acceleration given by  = 3t – t2 , = 100 
during the first 2 seconds after it starts after
or       A = 5 rad/sec
which  = 0. The angular velocity after 6
seconds will be- We know that,  = 0 + t or
(A) 10/3 rad/sec (B) 20/3 rad/sec 
t = (as 0 = 0 )
(C) 5/3 rad/sec (D) 1/3 rad/sec 
5
 t = = 5 sec
3.14
Ex.5 A turn table is rotating in a horizontal plane Sol.(D) Let I1 and be the initial moment of inertia
about the vertical axis passing through its and angular velocity of the mass about the
centre with an angular velocity 20 rad/sec. It
carries upon it a flywheel rotating with an axis of ratation and I 2 and  the
angular velocity 40 rad/sec about a horizontal corresponding quantities after the radius of
axle mounted in bearings. Find the angular the path is changed. By conservation of
velocity of the wheel as seen by an observer angular momentum, we have
in the room- I11 = I22
Here I1 = 2 × (0.8)2 = 1.28 kg-m 2 ,
(A) 20 5 rad/sec at an angle tan-1 (1/2) to
the horizontal  = 44 rad/s] I2 = 2 × (1.0)2 = 2 kg-m 2 ,
2 = ?
(B) 10 5 rad/sec at an angle tan-1 (1/3) to
the horizontal  1.28 × 44 = 2 × 
(C) 5 5 rad/sec at an angle tan-1 (1/2) to or   2
1.28  44
= = 28.16 rad/s
the horizontal 2
Ex.7 A weightless horizontal rod is free to rotate
(D) 20 5 rad/sec at an angle tan-1 (1/6) to about an axis OO'. Two masses, each of
the horizontal 1 kg, are placed at A and A' such that
Sol.(A) O'A = O'A' = 0.20 meter. Now a torque of 2.0
Newton -meter is applid on the system which
rotates about OO'. If the masses are
displaced to B and B' such that
O'B = O'B' = 0.50 meter, then decreament in
angular acceleration will be -
(A) 21 rad/sec 2 (B) 42 rad/sec 2
(C) 12 rad/sec 2 (D) 24 rad/sec 2
Sol.(A) In the first case, the moment of inertia of
As the axis of the turn table is vertical its
angular velocity T is directed vertical. The each mass about OO'
axis of flywheel is horizontal therefore its = mass × (distance from O') 2
angular velocity F is directed horizontal,
= 1 kg × (0.20 m) 2 = 0.04 kg-m 2
hence the resultant angular velocity is
    Moment of inertia of the whole system
R = F + T about OO'
O
R = F2  2T = 40 2  20 2
1kg 1kg
= 2000 = 20 5 rad/sec.
 O' 0.2m
R lies in a plane which makes an angle 
with the horizontal
 T  1
plane, given by  = tan–1    = tan–1   O
 2
 F   
1kg 1kg
Ex.6 A mass of 2 kg is rotating on a circular path
of radius 0.8 m with angular velocity of O' 0.5m
44 rad/s. If the radius of the path becomes
1.0 m, what will be the value of angular
velocity ?
(A) 2.816 rad/sec (B) 3.832 rad/sec
(C) 5.899 rad/sec (D) 28.16 rad/sec (rod is weightless) is
 I = 2 × 0.04 = 0.08 kg-m 2 ( m A = m B ) .........(1)

Let  be the angular acceleration Now, mA =  rA2 t dA

Then the torque is,  = I mB =  rB2 t dB
 2.0N  m
  I  0.08kg  m 2   rad/sec2 So,  rA2 tdA   rB2 t dB
In the second case, the moment of inertia of
each mass about OO' rA2 dB
or = .........(2)
= 1 kg × (0.50 m)2 = 0.25 kg-m 2 rB2 dA
 Moment of inertia of the whole system is From equations (1) and (2)
I = 2 × 0.25 = 0.50 kg-m 2 IA dB
 2.0 IB =
d A  As dA > dB hence IA < IB
 Angular acceleration  = I = 0.50
Ex.10 The moment of inertia of HCl molecule about
= 4.0 rad/sec2 = 25 – 4 = 21 rad/sec2
an axis passing through its centre of mass
Ex.8 Two spheres each of mass M and radius and perpendicular to the bond will be-
R/2 are connected with a massless rod of
(Given, internuclear distance = 1.3 Å, atomic
length 2 R as shown in fig. What will be the weight of chlorine = 35 and mass of
moment of inertia of the system about an
proton = 1.7 × 10–27 kg)
axis passing through the centre of one of the
sphere and perpendicular to the rod- (A) 2.79 × 10–47 kg-m 2
(B) 27.9 × 10–47 kg-m 2
21 2
(A) MR2 (B) MR2 (C) 27.9 × 10–50 kg-m 2
5 5 (D) 2.79 × 10–50 kg-m 2
5 5 Sol.(A) Moment of inertia about centre of mass,
(C) MR2 (D) MR2
2 21 I = r 2
2 2
2 R 2 R mH .m Cl
Sol.(A) I = M   + M (2R)2 + M    = reduced mass = m  m
5 2 5 2 H Cl

21 1.7  10 27  35  1.7  10 27

= MR2 =
5 1.7  10  27  35  1.7  10 27
Ex.9 Two circular discs A and B of equal masses = 1.65 × 10–27 kg
and thickness but made of metals with
densities d A and dB (dA > dB). If their  I = (1.65 × 10–27) (1.3 × 10–10)2
moments of inertia about an axis passing = 2.79 × 10–47 kg-m 2
through the centre and normal to the circular Ex.11 A mass m hangs from the rim of a wheel of
faces be IA and IB, then- radius r when released from rest, the mass
(A) IA = I B (B) IA > I B falls through a height h in t seconds. The
(C) IA < I B (D) IA  I B moment of inertia of the wheel will be-

m A rA2 m(g  2h)  r2 

Sol.(C) IA = and (A)  
2  t2 
2h  
mBrB2
IB = , mr 2 (g  2h)t
2 (B)
2h
IA rA2
 I = r2 m(gt 2  2h)r 2
B B (C)
2h
m(gt 2  2h)t 2
(D)
2hr 2
 M.I. of ring '3' about yy' = M.I. of ring about
2h a 2h
Sol.(C) h = 1/2 at2 or a =  = = 2 its diameter
t2 r rt
Now mg – T = ma MR 2
 I3 =
2
 T = m (g – a)
Now M.I. about yy' is I = I1 + I2 + I3
 = I or Tr = I or m(g – a) . r = I
= (7/2) MR2 = (7/2) PQ 2
 2h  Ex.14 Select the correct al t ernat i v e(s) . T he
m g  2 r
m( g  a )r  t  moment of inertia I of a thin square plate
 I= = ABCD (figure) of uniform thickness about
 2h / rt 2
an axis passing through the centre O and
 2h  r 2 t 2 perpendicular to the plane of the plate is -
= m g  2 
 t  2h (A) I1 + I2 (B) I3 + I4
Ex.12 The M.I. of rod of length 1.5 m and mass (C) I1 + I3 (D) I1 +
I2 + I3 + I4
0.1 kg about the axis passing through centre (where I1, I2 , I3 and I4 are respectively the
and perpendicular to the length of rod is I1
and that through one end perpendicular to moments of inertia about axes 1, 2, 3 and 4
rod is I2. Now I1 x I2 will be (in kg2 m 4) which are in the plane of the plate.)
(A) .15 (B) 0.25 Sol.(A, B, C )
(C) .75 (D) .35 4
2 2 1
M 0.1 (1.5)
Sol.(A) I1 = = = 0.01875 kg.m2
12 12 A B

M 2 0.1 (1.5)2
I2 = = = 0.075 kg.m2
3 3 O
Now, I1 x I2 = 1.4 × 10–3 kg2.m 4
D C
Ex.13 Three rings, each of mass P and radius Q 2
are arranged as shown in fig.
The moment of inertia of the arrangement By the theorem of perpendicular axes,
about yy' axis will be- I = I1 + I2 = I3 + I4
7 2 By symmetry : I1 = I2 and I3 = I4
(A) PQ 2 (B) PQ 2
2 7
 I = 2I1 = 2I3
2 5
(C) PQ 2 (D) PQ 2 or I1 = I3 .
5 2
Sol.(A) Thus I1 = I2 = I3 = I4 .
M.I. of ring '1' y  I = I1 + I2 = I1 + I3 = I3 + I4
about yy' = M.I.
 
of ring about the Ex.15 Given that, r = 2 î + 3 ĵ and F = 2 î + 6 k̂ .
tangent parallel The magnitude of torque will be-
to its plane 1 2
(A) 405 N.m (B) 410 N.m
 I1= (3/2) MR2
Similarly, M.I. of (C) 504 N.m (D) 510 N.m
3
ring '2' about yy',
  
I2 = (3/2) MR2 Sol.(C) We know that,  = r × F

y'
 
   = I  = r T  (1/2) Mr2. a/r = rT
  = (2 î + 3 ĵ ) × ( 2 î + 6 k̂ )
 T = 1/2 Ma ......(2)
= 12 (– ĵ ) + 6 (– k̂ ) + 18 î From (1) and (2),
M  2m
= – 12 ĵ – 6 k̂ + 18 î (1/2) Ma = m (g – a)  a = mg,
2

[Note: î × î = 0, î × ĵ = k, ĵ × î = – k etc] 2mg

 a =
M  2m

Now |  | = ( 12)2  ( 6)2  (18)2 Ex.18 In the example 17, the velocity of bucket,
after it has fallen through a height h will be-
= 144  36  324 = 504 1/ 2 1/ 2
 4mgh   4Mgh 
Ex.16 A constant torque acting on a uniform (A)   (B)  
circular wheel changes its angular momentum  M  2m   M  2m 
from A0 to 4A0 in 4 sec. The value of torque
1/ 2 1/ 2
will be-  2mgh   mgh 
(C)   (D)  
(A) 4A0 (B) 12A0  M  2m  Mm
3A 0 Sol.(A) Let v be the velocity of bucket after falling a
(C) A0 (D)
4 height h.
Sol.(D) Torque,  = rate of change of angular Now, using v 2 = u2 + 2ah
momentum 1/ 2
2.2mgh  4mgh 
v = 2ah = =  
dJ 4A 0  A 0 3A 0 (M  2m)  M  2m 
= = =
dt 4 4
Ex.19 Two bodies of masses m 1 and m 2 are
Ex.17 A cylinder of mass M and radius r is mounted attached to the two ends of a string. The
on a frictionless axle over a well. A rope of string passes over a pulley of mass m and
negligible mass is wrapped around the radius R. If m1 > m 2, the acceleration of the
cylinder and a bucket of mass m is system will be-
suspended f orm the rope. The linear m
acceleration of the bucket will be- R
T1
mg mg a m1
(A) (B)
Mm M  2m T2

2mg M m2
(C) (D) mg
M  2m m1  m 2 m1  m 2
(A) g (B) g
Sol.(C) M m1  m 2 m1  m 2

m1  m 2 m1  m 2  m
 (C) m  m  (1/ 2)m (D) m  m  m
1 2 1 2
T h Sol.(C) m1g – T1 = m1a .............(i)
v T2 – m2g = m2a .............(ii)
bucket m  (T1 – T2) + (m 1 + m 2) a = (m1 – m2) g
 T1 – T2 = (m1 – m 2) g – (m1 + m2) a
      = (T1 – T2) R = I 
mg – T = ma = (1/2) mR2 (a/R) ...........(iii)
T = m(g – a) ........(1)  (T1 – T2) = (1/2) ma ............(iv)
 From (iii) and (iv)  = I, where I is the moment of inertia of
(1/2) ma = (m 1 – m 2) g – (m 1 + m 2) a body about the axis of rotation.
m1  m 2 Hence  = 6 N.m and I = 3 kg.m 2
 a = g  6
m1  m 2  (m / 2) Therefore,  = = = 2 rad/sec2
I 3
Ex.20 A uniform solid cylinder of mass m and radius
Initially, the body is at rest (0 = 0). It rotates
R rotates about a frictionless horizontal axle.
Two similar masses suspended with the help under the action of angular acceleration  for
of two ropes wrapped around the cylinder. If 2 seconds. In this time-interval, the angular
the system is released from rest then the displacement of the body is,
tension in each rope will be-  = 0t + (1/2)  t2
M
= 0 + (1/2) × 2 × (20)2 = 400 radian
Work done in this displacement,
 W = (torque × displacement) =  × 
= 6 × 400 = 2400 joule
m m Ex.22 Two particles A and B are moving as shown
in fig. At this moment of time the angular
Mmg Mmg speed of A with respect to B is-
(A) (B)
(M  m) (M  2m) vA vB

Mmg Mmg
(C) (D)
(M  3m) (M  4m)  
Sol.(D) A rB
M v A  vB
(A)
r
v A  vB
 (B)
T T r
v B sin  2  v A sin 1
m m (C) ,
r
mg mg in anticlockwise direction
mg – T = ma v B sin  2  v A sin 1
(D) ,
mg – T = ma r
in anticlokwise direction
From these equation,
Sol.(C) Resolving the velocities along x and y axes,
2mg – 2T = 2ma ......(i) we have,
 = (2T) R = I  = (1/2)MR2. (a/R) .....(ii) v x = – v A cos 1
Mm vy = vA sin 1and v'x = vB cos 1,
From (i) and (ii), T = g
M  4m v'y = vB sin 2
Note : Also a = 4mg (M + 4m) The relative velocity of A with respect to B
along y-axis is given by (vA sin 1 – v B sin 2)
Ex.21 A body whose moment of inertia is 3 kg. m2,   
is at rest. It is rotated for 20 seconds with  v = r ×  , Because v is in positive
moment of force 6N-m. The work done will y direction and position vector of A w.r.t. B is
be- (in joule) in negative x direction so the direction of 
(A) 24 (B) 240 will be in clock wise and magnitude of  will be
(C) 2400 (D) 24000
 v A sin 1  v B sin  2 
Sol.(C) Suppose an angular acceleration  is =   clockwise or
 r 
produced in the body by applying a torque .
Then,  v B sin  2  v A sin 1 
=   anticlockwise
 r 
Ex.23 A particle is moving in x-y plane and the Sol.(C) According to law of conservation of angular
components of its velocity along x and y axis momentum, Angular momentum before the
are Vx and Vy. The angular momentum about cockroach stops
the origin will be- = Angular momentum after the cockroach
stops.
k̂

(A) m k̂ xVy  yVX  (B) xVy  yVX   I – mvr = (I + mr2) '
2
I  mvr
k̂           ' =
(C) m k̂ xV y  yV X xV y  yV X
(D) I  mr 2
2
Ex.26 A solid cylinder of mass 2 kg and radius
Sol.(A) We know that angular momentum of a particle
0.2 m is rotating about its own axis without
       friction with angular velocity 3 rad/sec. A
L = r × p = r × mv = m (r × v )
particle of mass 0.5 kg and moving with a
velocity of 5 m/s strikes the cylinder and
i j k i j k sticks to it as. The loss in energy due to
x y z x y 0 collision will be-
= m = m
Vx Vy Vz Vx Vy 0 (A) 6.25 J (B) 5.25 J
(C) 4.25 J (D) 3.25 J
= m k̂ xVy  yVX  Sol.(D) According to conserv ation of angular
momentum,
Ex.24 A ring of mass 10 kg and diameter 0.4 m is Angular momentum before collision = Angular
rotating about its geometrical axis at 1200 momentum after collision .......(i)
rotation perminute. Its moment of inertia and
Angular momentum of cylinder befor callision
angular momentum will respectively be-
(A) 0.4 kg-m 2, 50.28 J-sec J1 = I = (1/2) mR2 
(B) 50.24 kg-m 2, 0.4 J-sec = (1/2) × 2 × 0.04 × 3 = 0.12 J.sec
(C) 0.4 J-sec, 50.24 kg-m 2 Now from (i)
(D) 0.4 kg-m 2, 0 Jcyl + mp vR = (I + mR2) 
Sol.(C) M.I of a ring about its geometrical axis = M.I.
0.12  0.5  5 0.2
of ring about an axis passing through its   = = 10.3 rad/sec
centre and perpendicular to its plane. (1/ 2) 2 0.04  0.5 0.04
= MR2 = 10 (0.2)2 = 10 x 0.04 = 0.4 kg-m 2 Now energy of system before collision
E = (1/2) I2 + (1/2) mv 2
2n
Now Angular momentum, J = I. = I. = (1/2) × (1/2) × 2 × 0.04 × 9 + (1/2) ×
t
0.5 × 25 = 6.43 J
2  1200 Energy of system after collision
= 0.4 × = 50.24 J-sec
60
E' = (1/2) I'' 2 = (1/2) × (1/2 M + m) R22
Ex.25 A cockroach of mass m is moving on rim of
= (1/2) × (1/2 × 2 + 0.5) × 0.04 × (10.32)2
a disc of radius r with v elocity v in
= 3.18 J
anticlockwise direction. The moment of inertia
of the disc about its own axis is I and it is Now E – E1 = 6.43 - 3.18 = 3.25 J
rotating in the clockwise direction with Ex.27 A particle of mass 3 kg is moving under the
angular speed . If the cockroach stops action of a central froce whose potential
moving then the angular speed of the disc energy is given by U (r) = 10 r3 joule. For
will be- what energy and angular momentum will the
orbit be a circle of radius 10m ?
I I  mvr (A) 2.5 × 104J, 3000 kg m 2/sec
(A) (B)
I  mR2 I  mr 2 (B) 2.5 × 103J, 3000 kg m 2/sec
(C) 2.5 × 102J, 30000 kg m2/sec
I  mvr I  mvr
(C) 2 (D) (D) 2.5 × 102J, 300 kg m2/sec
I  mr I
Sol.(A) The (variable) potential energy of the particle, When both the masses stick to the bar, the
U (r) = 10r3 joule. Hence the force acting on whole system rotates about the centre of
the particle is mass C. As there is no external torque acting
U on the system, the angular momentum is
F = – = – 30r2 conserved.
r
For circular motion of the particle, Before collision (bar is stationary), there will
mv 2 be only the angular momenta of 2m and m
F = = 30r2 about C. Hence the initial angular momentum
r
Substituting m = 3 kg and r = 10 m, (see Fig.) is
we get ] v = 100 m/s Ji = 2mva + m (2v) 2a = 6 m v a
Total energy of the particle in circular motion is (in an anticlock wise direction)
1 After collision, the bar and both the masses
E= mv 2 + U(r) (2m and m) rotate with angular velocity 
2
about the centre of mass C. The moment of
1 inertia of the bar (mass 8m and lenght 6a)
= × 3 × (100)2 + 10 ×(103) = 2.5 × 104 J
2
about C is
Angular momentumof the particle is
M 2 8m(6a)2
= = 24 ma2 , and the
J = mvr = 3 × 100 × 10 = 3000 kg m 2/s 12 12
Ex.28 Select the correct choice(s) : mass 8 m moments of inertia of 2 m and m about C are
lies on a smooth horizontal table. Two point 2 ma2 and 4 ma2 respectively. Hece, after
masses m and 2 m mov ing in the same collision the angular momentum of the
horizontal plane with speeds 2v and v system is
respectively strike the bar as shown in figure
Jf = (24 ma2 + 2 ma2 + 4 ma2)  = 30 ma2
and stick the bar after collision. Denoting
angular velocity (about the centre of mass,) But Ji = Jf
total energy and centre of mass velocity by (conservation of angular momentum)
 E and v c respectively, we have after
6mav v
collision % = 2 =
2m 30ma 5 a
v (in an anticlock wise direction)
3a The angular kinetic energy
C
A B 1 2
 I  of the system is
a 2a 2 
2
1  v  3 2
2v = (30 ma2)   = mv
2  5a  5
m
Ex.29 A cord is wound round the circumference of
(A) v c = 0 (B)  = 3v /5a, a wheel of radius r. The axis of the wheel
(C)  = v/5a (D) E = 3mv 2 /5 is horizontal and moment of inertia about it
Sol.(A, C, D ) is I. A weight mg is attached to end of the
cord and falls from rest. After falling through
Both the masses, 2m and m, after striking
a distance h, the angular velocity of the wheel
the bar give equal momentum each 2mv to
will be-
the bar in oppoisite directions. Hence, after
collision the bar has no translational motion, 2gh 2mgh
i.e. the linear velocity of the centre of mass (A) (B)
I  mr I  mr 2
of the bar is zero (vc = 0)-
2mgh
(C) (D) 2gh
I  2m
Sol.(B) mgh = (1/2) I2 + (1/2) mv 2
 2 
2 R  100
= (1/2) I2 + (1/2) mr22 g  100 
× 100 = 0 – = 4%
or 2mgh = [I + mr2]2 , g R
1/ 2 Simillarly for rotational kinetic energy
 2mgh 
       =  2 1 1 2 1
 I  mr 
K= I2 = ( MR2)2 = MR22
2 2 5 5
Ex.30 A mass m is supported by a massless string
wound round a uniform cylinder of mass m So for the percentage change
and radius R. On releasing the mass from
K M R
rest, it will fall with acceleration-  × 100 = × 100 + 2 × 100
K M R
(A) g (B) g/2
(C) g/3 (D) 2g/3 1 W
+ 2 × 100
5 W
1 1
Sol.(D) mgh = mv 2 + I2
2 2  2 
 M = 0, R =  R  and W = 0
1 1 1 3  100 
= mv 2 + [ mR2]v2/R2 = mv 2
2 2 2 4
K
 × 100 = – 4%
v = 2ah [ v 2 = u2 + 2as] K
(so K.E. is decreasing by 4%)
3 2
 mgh = m × 2ah   a = g Ex.32 When a solid sphere of moment of inertia I
4 3
rolls down an inclined plane, then the
Ex.31 Let g be the acceleration due to gravity at percentage of its rotational kinetic energy is-
earth's surface and K be the rotational kinetic (A) 100% (B) 50%
energy of the earth. Suppose the earth's (C) 28% (D) 72%
radius decreases by 2%, keeping all other
2
quantities same, then- Sol.(C) M.I. of sphere about the diameter, I = mr2
5
(A) g decreases by 2% and K decreases by 4%
The rotational kinetic energy
(B) g decreases by 4% and K increases by 2%
(C) g increases by 4% and K decreases by 4% Kr = (1/2) I 2 = (1/5) mr22
(D) g decreases by 4% and K increases by 4% The translational kinetic energy
GM Kt = (1/2) mv 2 = (1/2) m.r22
Sol.(C) We know that that g =
R2
7
take logarithmic on both side : Total energy , K = Kr + Kt = mr22
10
log g = log GM – 2logR
 log g = log G + log M – 2 log R Kr 1/ 5
Now, × 100% = x 100% = 28%
Now partially differentiating on both side K 7 / 10
g M R Ex.33 A uniform thin rod of length l is suspended
g
= 0 + – 2 from one of its ends and is rotated at f
M R
rotations per second. The rotational kinetic
so the percentage change in g energy of the rod will be-
g M R (A) (2/3)  2f 2 m l 2
 g × 100 = × 100 – 2 × 100
M R (B) (4/3) f 2 m l 2
Because radius decreases by 2% and other (C) 42f 2ml 2
quantities are constant ( M = 0) so (D) 0

Sol.(A) The M.I. of a rod about an axis passing Suppose the C.M. of the system be at x
through its one ends distance from 1 kg.
M 2 Now  moment of masses about C.M. = 0
and perpendicular its to axis I, =
3  1.x – 2.(3 – x ) = 0 or x = 2
Now rotational kinetic energy Kr = (1/2) I2 Now C.M. will be at distance 2 m from 1 kg
M 2 and 1 m from 2 kg
= (1/2) . (2 f)2 Now M.I. of 1 kg mass about an axis passing
3
through
= (2/3) Ml 2. 2f 2
C.M. and  rod, I1 = 1.x2 = 1.22 = 5 kg-m 2
Similarly, for 2kg mass, I2 = 2.12 = 3 kg m2
Ex.34 A thin uniform rod PQ of mass M and length
L is free to rotate about a hinge at P in the Net M.I., I = I1 + I2 = 8 kg m2
floor. Initially the rod is vertical. If it is released Now rotational
from this position then its angular velocity K.E. = (1/2) I2 = (1/2) × 8 × 100 = 400 J
while striking the floor will be-
Ex.36 Point masses M1 and M2 are placed at the
(A) 3g/L
Q ends of a rigid rod of lenght  and negligible
(B) g / 3L mass. The rod is to be set rotating about an
axis perpendicular to its lenght . Locate a
G
(C) 3g / L point on the rod through which the axis of
 mg rotation should pass in order that the work
(D) gL required to set the rod rotating with angular
     is minimum.
velocity
Sol.(C) P
M.I.of rod PQ about an axis passing through M2 M1
(A) M  M  (B) M  M 
the point P and perpendicular to the rods is 1 2 1 2

mL2 M1 M2
I = (C) M  M  (D) M  M 
3 1 2 1 2

Now according to conservation of energy, Sol.(A)

Mgh = (1/2) I2 
M1 M2
mL2 C
 m.g. (1/2) L = (1/2) 
3
x (l – x)
3g
  = Suppose the rod is set rotating about an axis
L
Ex.35 Two bodies of mass 1 kg and 2 kg are passing through a point C, distatnt x from
M1. The moment of inertia of the system
attached to the two ends of a 3 m long rod.
about this axis is given by
This rod is rotating about an axis passing
through centre of mass with angular velocity I = M1x 2 + M2 (  – x )2
10 rad/sec and perpendicular to its length. The work done in setting the rod rotating with
The rotational K.E. of the system will be- angular velocity  equals the kinetic energy
(A) 150 J (B) 755 J of rotation acquired by the rod. That is,
(C) 300 J (D) 400 J 1 1
Sol.(D) W= I  =  [M1 x2 + M2 (  –x)2]
2 2
dW
For W to be minimum, we must have =0
dx
1kg 2 kg
CM or 2M1 x – 2M2 (  – x) = 0
x M2
3m or x = 
M1  M2