1

Gazi University 2
Department of Chemical Engineering 3
KM 244 Physical Chemistry 4
Prof.Dr.Nurdan SARAÇOĞLU

SUM
MİDTERM I
11/04/2023

m 1/2
1. a)Let us define a reduced speed vR = ( ) v where v is speed. Trasform the
2 kT
Maxwell probality function for speed

m 3 /2 −m v 2

F(v)dv =4 π v 2( ) e /(2 kT )
dv
2 πkT

into Maxwell probality function for reduced speed F(vR )dvR and show that it is

1 /2
16
equal to F(vR )dvR = ( ) exp [-vR2] vR2 dvR
π

b) Use F(vR )dvR given above to find < vR > mean reduced speed.
2. A 5 mL container with a hole having a radius of 5x10-6 m is filled with hydrogen. This

container is placed in an evacuated chamber at 0 oC. How long will it take for 90 % of the

hydrogen to effuse out.

ρ⟨v⟩ N ⟨v⟩ −1 dN N ⟨ v ⟩
(Hint: Remember flux ( J N = = ) is equal to = where A is the
4 V 4 A dt V 4
area of the hole, N is number of molecules, V is total volume and t is time )
3. Consider a mixture of N2 (1) and H(2) molecules. If the number of collisions

per unit time per unit volume between N2 and H2 is equal to the number of collisions

per unit time per unit volume between N2 and N2 molecules , calculate the ratio of

number densities ρ1 / ρ2 at given temperature T. dN2 = 0.373 x 10-9m and

dH2 = 0.271 x 10-9m . N:14, H:1 Avagadro number 6.02x 1023.

The number of collisions per unit time per unit volume between two types of
molecules is given by the collision frequency, Z:

Z = πd^2N√(8kT/πm)

where d is the effective diameter of the molecule, N is the Avogadro's number, k is the
Boltzmann constant, T is the temperature in Kelvin, and m is the reduced mass of the
two molecules.

For the collision frequency between N2 and H2 molecules to be equal to the collision
frequency between N2 and N2 molecules, we have:

Z(N2 + H2) = Z(N2 + N2)

πdN2,dH2^2√(8kT/πm(N2,H2)) = πdN2^2√(8kT/πm(N2,N2))

where m(N2,H2) = m(N2) * m(H2) / (m(N2) + m(H2)) is the reduced mass of N2 and
H2, and m(N2,N2) = m(N2) is the reduced mass of N2 and N2.

Simplifying and solving for the ratio of number densities ρ1/ρ2:

ρ1/ρ2 = (Z(N2,H2) / Z(N2,N2)) * (dN2 / dH2)^2

ρ1/ρ2 = (m(N2,N2) / m(N2,H2))^(1/2) * (dN2 / dH2)^2

Substituting the given values:

ρ1/ρ2 = ((14 * 14) / (14 + 2))^(1/2) * (0.373 / 0.271)^2

ρ1/ρ2 = 1.216

Therefore, the ratio of number densities ρ1/ρ2 is 1.216.

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:

SO2 + 1/2 O2 → SO3

The stoichiometry of the reaction tells us that 1 mole of SO2 reacts with 1/2 mole of O2 to
produce 1 mole of SO3.

Since the rate of the reaction of SO3 is given as 0.02 mol/m3 s, we can use the stoichiometry
of the reaction to find the rates of the other two reactants.

The rate of reaction of SO2 is equal to the rate of reaction of SO3 divided by the
stoichiometric coefficient of SO2, which is 1. Therefore, rate of SO2 = 0.02 mol/m3 s
The rate of reaction of O2 is equal to the rate of reaction of SO3 divided by the stoichiometric
coefficient of O2, which is 1/2. Therefore, the rate of reaction of O2 is:

rate of O2 = 0.02 mol/m3 s ÷ 1/2 = 0.04 mol/m3 s

So the rates of reaction of SO2 and O2 are 0.02 mol/m3 s and 0.04 mol/m3 s, respectively.

b) Consider the following reaction at atmospheric pressure (constant pressure and

c)For reaction A + 2B → C+D if r

The rate law for the reaction is:

-rA = kCA CB3/2

where k is the rate constant, CA is the concentration of A, and CB is the concentration of B.

The order of the reaction with respect to A is 1, because the concentration of A is raised to the
power of 1 in the rate law.

The order of the reaction with respect to B is 3/2, because the concentration of B is raised to
the power of 3/2 in the rate law.

Therefore, the overall order of the reaction is the sum of the orders with respect to each
reactant, which is:

overall order = order with respect to A + order with respect to B = 1 + 3/2 = 5/2

So the overall order of the reaction is 5/2.

d) the reaction given in part c) elementary or non-elementary

The reaction which is given inpart C, the rate law, -rA = kCA CB3/2, is a non-elementary rate
law, which suggests that the reaction occurs through a series of reaction steps.
In non-elementary reactions, the rate law cannot be directly derived from the balanced
chemical equation for the reaction, and the reaction mechanism must be determined
experimentally or theoretically. The rate law for a non-elementary reaction typically involves
a rate-determining step that is slower than the other reaction steps, and the overall rate of the
reaction is determined by the rate of the slowest step.

The rate law -rA = kCA CB3/2 suggests that the reaction involves at least two reaction steps,
with the formation of an intermediate species that is involved in the rate-determining step.
The concentration of this intermediate is expressed as the concentration of B raised to the
power of 3/2 in the rate law.

Therefore, based on the given rate law, it is consider that the reaction -rA = kCA CB3/2 is a
non-elementary reaction.

e) Consider the below reaction

2A + B → C+D where r
- A = k CA CB

where CA and CB are concentrations of reactant A and B

t min 16 36 43
CA mol/L 0.0103 0.0052 0.0042
XA 0.586 0.783 0.849

CB mol/L 0.0110 0.0071 0.0059