Quarter 4

Introduction to Statistics

Mrs. Cherry Lyn R. Solis

Mathematics Teacher
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

 explain the basic concepts,  differentiate Descriptive

uses, and importance of Statistics from Inferential
Statistics; Statistics;

 formulates simple  value accumulated

statistical instruments; and knowledge as means of new
understanding.
Identify the profession
of the following
persons.
1. What do the following
persons do?
2. Are they important in
our society?
3. How can statistics help
them in their profession?
4. Cite examples on how
statistics is related with
their jobs?
Statistics refers to the Collection of data refers Analysis of data pertains to
to the process of the process of extracting
science that deals
obtaining numerical from the given data the
with the collection, relevant information from
measurements.
tabulation or which numerical
presentation, description can be
Tabulation or formulated.
analysis, and presentation of data is a Interpretation of data
interpretation of process of organizing refers to the task of
numerical or data into tables, graphs, drawing conclusions from
quantitative data. or charts. the analyzed data.
 5

Descriptive Statistics Inferential Statistics

It is concerned with the gathering, This demands a higher order of critical
classification, presentation of data, and judgment and mathematical methods. It aims
collection of summarizing values to to give information about large groups of
describe group characteristics of the data. data dealing with each element of these
Examples: groups. It is a technique by which decisions
about a statistical population are made based
1. The mean score of Grade 10 in CAHS only on a sample having been observed or a
in the Second Long Test in judgment having been obtained.
Mathematics. You take data from samples and generalize
2. A student’s grade belongs to the 3rd about a population.
Example:
Quartile of the class.
President Duterte gets ‘high’ 65% approval
rating. (from The Manila Times, May 14,
2021)
 The study of statistics is important because  Statistics mostly used by the researcher. They
society frequently recognizes and express data use their statistical skills to collect the relevant
numerically. We are exposed to statistics every data. Otherwise, it results in a loss of money,
day from weather predictions, newspaper ads, time, and data.
election results, surveys, etc.

 Statistics used in business to observe pattern  Statistics data allow us to collect the
and behaviors of sales, forecast trends and project information around the world. The internet is a
future economic activity. It is also used in the devise which help us to collect the information.
areas of finance, marketing, production, The fundamental behind the internet is based on
promotion, and advertising. statistics and mathematics concepts.

 In medicine, statistics are used to evaluate the

effectiveness of newly formulated medicines. It is
used to determine the effects of certain treatments
to human behavior.
 Population (N)  Sample (n)

refers to the totality of objects, individuals, is a part of a population. It is also defined

places, things, or reactions that can be as the subset, subgroup, or a representative
described as having a unique combination of the population. It is denoted by a
of qualities. The population is denoted or symbol n.
represented by a symbol N.

The following may be considered For instance, there are 1 500 residents in a
populations: the graduating students in a barangay, but the researcher wants to use
particular school, the number of only 300 residents, these 300 residents
employees of a company, the patients in a compose the sample.
hospital.
Illustrative Example 1:
Identify the population and sample in each situation.
a. We may wish to draw conclusions about the recovery
rate of 4000 college students by studying a sample of 300
students from this population. 4000 students – population
300 – sample
b. We may wish to draw conclusion about how Filipinos
vote in the coming presidential election by studying a
sample of 1000 persons from population.
all Filipino voters – population
1000 voters – sample
 Parameter  Statistic

is the characteristics of a is an estimate of a parameter. If

population which is measurable. the researcher in the preceding
Like for example, if the example makes use of a sample
researcher uses the population and based on his research the
and based on his research the average grade of the students is
average grade of the students is 84.1, then the average grade
82.3, then the average grade obtained is called statistic.
obtained is called a parameter.
Illustrative Example 2:
The mean score of all grade 10 students in Cayetano Arellano
High School in their recent Third Quarterly Test is 30.3 while
the mean score of Grade 10 – Diamond is 32.3. Identify the
parameter and statistic.

30.3 – Parameter
32.3 – Statistic
 Data are statistical facts, historical facts, principles,
opinions, and items of various sources. It can
be quantitative or qualitative.

Quantitative Data Qualitative Data

refers to the numerical information refers to the descriptive attributes that

obtained from counting or measuring cannot be subjected to mathematical
that can be manipulated by any operations
fundamental operation
Examples: gender, religion, school,
Examples: age, IQ scores, grade, citizenship, color
income, height
  Variable is a characteristic or a phenomena which may
take on different values

Discrete Variable Continuous Variable

is a variable that can be obtained is a variable that can be obtained

by counting by measuring objects or attributes

Examples: the number of students Examples: the area of a house,

who are in modular modality, weight of a student, temperature
number of computers in a city
  Constant

is a quantity which does not vary or is fixed. It

is a property or characteristic of a population,
or which makes the members of the group
similar to each other
Illustrative Example 3:
Identify if the given is quantitative or qualitative. If it is
quantitative, determine if it is discrete or continuous.
1. weight of your siblings quantitative - continuous

2. hair color of your math teacher qualitative

3. the number of people that prefer Pepsi over Coke

quantitative - discrete
A statistical question is one that can be answered by
collecting data that vary.
For example,
“How old am I?” is not a statistical question, but
“How old are the students in my school?” is a
statistical question because one anticipates variability in
students’ ages.
Illustrative Example 4:
Identify whether the given is a statistical question or not.

a. Do the grade 7 students spend more time in social media

than studying? statistical question
b. How many siblings does Mariz have? not
c. How many grade 7 students in your school play musical
instrument? statistical question
d. What is Berna’s grade in math? not
 Closed Questions
These are questions which can be
answered with “Yes” or “No,”, “True
 Multiple-Choice Questions
or False”, or “Agree” or “Disagree”.
These are questions that provide a
For instance, “Have you completed
certain number of specific response
your Performance Task?”
options as possible answers.
For instance, “How do you spend
your free time?”
 Open-Ended Questions
A. reading B. surfing the internet
These are questions that allow
C. listening to music D. watching tv
someone to give a free-form answer.
Example, “What do you feel while
answering the modules?”
are devices use to gather data. Some of the common
statistical instruments are questionnaire, checklist,
rating scale, test items, etc. These instruments are used
to gather essential information and answer the given
statistical problem.
Try This!!!
Topic: Intro to Stat
I. Identify if the given is quantitative or qualitative. If it is quantitative, determine if it is discrete or
continuous.
1. Student’s classification as freshman, sophomore, junior, or senior
2. Number of air–condition units in a building
3. Lot area in square meters
4. Size of a shirt as small, medium, or large
5. Distance employees travel to workplace

II. Identify if the question is statistical or not.

1. Who is my favorite movie star?
2. What are the favorite colors of seventh graders in my school?
3. How many years have students in my school’s band played an instrument?
4. What is the favorite subject of the Grade 7 students at my school?
5. What brand of shampoo is used most often by your classmates?

III. Make a survey form to help the Math Club decide what three activities they would do at the
upcoming Math Camp.