Physical Education:

Relationship with
other Subjects
1
Physical education (PE) aims at the optimum development
of an individual through continuous process of learning and
participation in guided physical activities. In other words, it
aims at optimum physical, mental and social development of
an individual.

What is Physical Education?

According to Webster’s Dictionary, “Physical education is a
part of education which gives instructions in the development
and care of the body rending from simple callisthenic exercises
to a course of study providing training in hygiene, gymnastics,
and the performance and management of athletics and
games.” Central Advisory Board of Physical Education and
Recreation defines PE as “an education through physical
activities for the development of total personality of the
child to its fullness and perfection in body, mind and spirit.
Physical education is an area through which sports, outdoor
activities like trekking, hiking, camping, gymnastics, dance,
aquatics are used to train individuals in motor skills and
fitness skills. Physical education also assists the schools in
carrying out responsibility of developing personal and social
skills in students.” In fact, PE is an integral part of total
education. It makes significant contribution towards the
achievement of desirable educational and health outcomes.
It also enables children to acquire necessary knowledge and
skills to stimulate them to actively participate in physical
activities throughout their lifespan.

Need and Importance of Physical Education

Participation in games, sports and yoga provide thrill and
enjoyment to everyone. In addition, it helps to entertain and
maintain a healthy lifestyle.

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 Healthy lifestyle
By engaging in various physical and yogic activities, one can
ensure a healthy lifestyle.

Academic achievement
By participating in various physical and yogic activities,
students get stimulated to face challenges and are
encouraged to think productively. This tends to improve
their concentration of academic achievement.

Develops skills and experiences

Various activities learned during school days such as
gymnastics, running, jumping, throwing, swimming,
playing team games, learning the rules and regulations of
the games and being disciplined help students to develop
sportspersonship.

Positive self-image
Participation in regular physical activities also helps students
Physical Education - Class X

to understand the need for appreciation of own positive

aspects and develop ability to compete and cooperate with
Activity 1.1 others. Self belief is also reinforced.
•• Measure your pulse
and respiration rates Improves interpersonal relationships
before and after When you play with other students and teams, you learn
playing different games
to develop interpersonal relationships with members of your
or participation in a
sport event. own team as well as with members of other teams. It builds
•• Collect information interactive and positive social environment.
from 10 persons and
prepare a project on Develops internal organ systems
and

physical activities and By participating in physical and yogic activities, students

eating habits and their respond to the increased demands of daily life in a
Health

impact on the human

healthy way. The system of the body responds to stimuli
body.
and becomes more efficient at coping with the load exerted
on it.
2
Objectives of Physical Education
Broadly, there are four objectives of Physical Education
which are as follows.

Physical fitness
It refers to the state where an individual is physically fit and
has developed great endurance, speed and strength. Physical
fitness is essential for leading a happy, healthy, vigorous and
fulfilling life. Physical and motor fitness helps to learn and
develop technical and tactical knowledge of sports and games.

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 Social efficiency
It is concerned with one’s adaptation to group living. Physical
education activities provide ample opportunities to develop such
traits and life skills as cooperation, respect for others, loyalty,
sportspersonship, self-confidence, etc. All these qualities help
a person to become more social and a responsible citizen.

Sports culture
It aims at developing an understanding and appreciation of
one’s own local environment as well as the global environment.
By participating in various physical activities, such as,
dance, sports, games and yoga, a person fully understands
the history, culture, traditions, etc., and also the aesthetic
values associated with these activities.

Mental efficiency
In physical education, a child has to participate in a number 3
of physical and yogic activities. These activities not only
require involvement of the body but also require use of the

Physical Education: Relationship

intellect to carry out the task. Positive, healthy and active
body-mind relationship helps to enhance mental efficiency.

Scope of Physical Education

Physical education has evolved as a multi-disciplinary subject Activity 1.2
and its scope is not just confined to physical fitness and the •• List responsibilities as
rules of games and sports. The meaning and definition of an individual and in
Physical Education, its aims and objectives and scope, and teams while playing the
factors affecting physical fitness and wellness, rules and game of your choice.
other necessary knowledge about health, games and sports •• Discuss leadership
and yoga are major areas of study in physical education. skills in class developed
Games and sports, as well as, cultural heritage, development through health and
physical education

with other
of leadership qualities and group dynamics through sports
sessions.
and games are also an integral part of this discipline.
In fact, physical education now includes several areas
which belong to other subjects like Biology, Genetics,
Psychology, Physics, Bio Chemistry, Sociology, Anthropology,
Subjects

History, Culture, Medicine, Media studies, etc.

Contents from other disciplines like laws of motion, types
of lever, force, equilibrium and centre of gravity, common
postural deviations, therapeutic modalities in rehabilitation,
sports massage, prevention and first aid for common sport-
injuries, are also the content of physical education. Biological
foundations such as heredity and environment, growth and
development are also included in it.
Content drawn from psychology, such as, importance
of psychology in education with special reference to physical
education, such as, individual differences and personality,
learning and motivation are related to Physical Education.

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 Personality means, nature and factors affecting performance
and transfer of training constitute one of its major components.
Similarly, contents related to basic physiology, anatomy,
growth and development during adolescence also form part
of the content of physical education. Some other contents are
organ system, functions of bones, definitions and classification
of joints, movement around a joint, general characteristics
(properties) of muscles, effects of exercise on muscular system,
circulatory system, respiratory system and digestive system,
health dimensions, environment, importance of health, health
problems, hygiene, community health, aspects of school health
services, food, nutrition and balanced diet, communicable
and non-communicable diseases, coronavirus, HIV, AIDS and
drug abuse.

1. What is Coronavirus?
Covid 19 is the infectious disease caused by the recently discovered coronavirus. This
new virus and disease were unknown before the outbreak began in Wuhan, China, in
December 2019. That is why it is called the Novel (new) Coronavirus (NCoV).
2. What are the symptoms?
The most common symptoms of Coronavirus are fever, cough and difficulty in breathing.
Physical Education - Class X

Some patients may have aches and pains, nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat or
diarrhea. These symptoms are usually mild and begin gradually. Some people become
infected but don’t develop any symptoms and dont’t feel unwell. Most people (about
80%) recover from the disease without needing special treatment. People with fever
cough and difficulty in breathing should seek medical attention immediately.
3. How does Coronavirus spread?
People can catch Coronavirus from others who have the virus. The disease can
spread from person to person through small droplets from the nose or mouth which
are spread when a person with Coronavirus coughs or exhales. These droplets land
on objects and surfaces around the person. Other people then catch Coronavirus
by first touching these objects or surfaces, then touching their eyes, nose or mouth.
People can also catch Coronavirus if they breathe in from a person with Coronavirus
and

who coughs out or exhales droplets. This is why it is important to stay more than
Health

1 meter away from a person who is sick.

4. How to prevent Coronavirus?

Throw used tissues into
Wash your hands with soap
closed bins immediately after
4 water regularly.
use.

If soap and water is not Cover your nose and mouth

available, use hand sanitiser with handkerchief/tissue while
with at least 60 per cent alcohol. sneezing and coughing.

Wash hands before touching Avoid mass gathering and

eyes, nose and mouth. crowded places.

For more information, refer to —

https://www.mohfw.gov.in/pdf/FacilitatorGuideCOVID19_27%20March.pdf

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 Contents related to Yoga also form a part of this area.
Common Yogic Practices are Yama and Niyama, Asana,
Pranayama, Pratyahara, Bandha Mudra, Shatkarma/Kriya,
Meditation. It includes Ahara (Food), Vihara (Relaxation),
Achara (Conduct), Vichara (Thinking), Vyavahara (Behaviour).
Theories of training are also included in this subject area.
These are principles and characteristics of sports training,
methods of sports training, training load, warming up,
cooling down, aerobic and anaerobic activities, calisthenics
and rhythmic exercises, specific training program for
development of various motor qualities, techniques, tactics
and talent identification. It is also important to understand
the difference between play, games and sports.

Play, Games and Sport

Though these terms are used interchangeably, these are
actually different. 5
Play

Physical Education: Relationship

Play is spontaneous. It is usually a creative activity but has
its own limitation and space. One plays voluntarily for fun
and pleasure. Play, however, is a broad area which includes
both games and sports. The distinctive features of play are
that they are free, separate, uncertain, governed by self rules
and creative.

Games
Activity 1.3
Generally the word games and sports are used together. The teacher divides
A game is an activity involving more players, defined by a goal students into small groups
that the players tries to reach, and some set rules to play. of 10 and plans an aerobic
By masses, games are played primarily for entertainment dance or drama. Keeping
or enjoyment. The difference of purpose differentiates sport in view the skill, creativity,

with other
from game, combined with the notion of individual or team and music, these may
even be in the form of a
skill. Games are also played on the basis of a set of rules.
competition.
A game is defined as a goal that the players try to achieve. A
person who participates in a game is known as a player.
Subjects

Sport
A sport is a physical activity carried out under an agreed set
of rules, for competition or self-enjoyment or a combination
of these. Sport are the kind of activities in which similar
kind of body movement is repeated over a long time. For
example, swimming and running and almost all the track
and field events come under sport. Sport involves an activity
or activities where the mental capabilities of the sportsperson
are judged. In a sport, it is the sportsperson or the individual
who determines the outcome. A person participating in a
sport is called an athlete or a sportsperson.

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 Relationship of Health and Physical
Education with other Disciplines of
Knowledge
Health and Physical Education (HPE) classes provide space
for exploring new ideas related to personal and community
health. These ideas might then be used by students in various
other fields of learning, such as, arts, science, civics and
citizenship, communication, design, creativity and technology
and languages (english, hindi and other regional languages),
humanities (e.g. history, geography, economics, etc.),
information and communication technology and psychology.

Art
Health and physical education teachers can incorporate
activities related to performing arts, drawing, painting,
dance, drama, media, music and visual communication into
their programs. These involve both fine motor skills and
whole body movement including rhythmic movement. As
body movements are part of both arts practice and health
Physical Education - Class X

and physical education, these promote health knowledge,

understanding of the body and lead to physical fitness and
enhancing of creative skills at the same time.

Science
The human body is a common concern of both science and
health and physical education. In science, students study the
human body from the cellular level to the systems level, with
a focus on anatomy and physiology. In health and physical
education learning is focused on the requirements for good
health and the promotion of a healthy body. Students gain
and

an understanding of the role of physical and yogic activities

in ensuring good health and can link the functioning of the
Health

musculo-skeletal, digestive, endocrine and nervous systems

studied in science, for the promotion of the physical, social,
mental and emotional health of individuals within a society.
Students consider it their personal responsibilities to discuss
6 and adopt health issues, both in relation to their own safety
and well-being, as well as to the safety and well-being of
others. It also contributes in the designing of training for
movements of organs to achieve optimal performance in the
area of play, sports and games.

Social science
Social sciences promote the idea that citizens require
knowledge and understanding of civic institutions and the
skills and willingness to actively participate in functioning
of the society. Similarly, in health and physical education,

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 students are encouraged to become active and responsible
members of their community. Key concepts within health
and physical education classes include understanding of
the importance of personal identity within a community,
what makes a community and how to engage with different
members and agencies within a community. Participation in
physical activity and sports also reflect values, rules, rights
and responsibilities indicative of a democratic society.

Communication
Communication involves developing knowledge, skills and
behaviors that empower students to respond to, make meaning
of, and deconstruct a range of communication forms. Effective Activity 1.4
communication is a key skill in health and physical education. •• Identify and analyse
It is essential that students develop the ability to listen, view health needs and
and respond with respect to the content and context in which services available in
communication happens. Learning in the health and physical the community.
education domain involves developing familiarity with forms, •• Investigate the cost of 7
language and conventions used in different forms of public, specific behaviours,
personal and interpersonal communication. illness or disease in

Physical Education: Relationship

the community, such
as, the economic
Design, Creativity and Technology
impact of obesity and
Design, Creativity and Technology (DCT) help in developing inactivity on society.
sport goods, sportwear, sport software programme, etc. •• Explore the influence
These are associated with knowledge and promotion. In of government
this area students learn about the characteristic and spending on health
properties of how all these aspects differ from each other. outcomes for
These investigations assist students to make decisions about individuals and the
appropriate solution. Students analyse and evaluate factors, community.
such as, social, cultural and economic factors that influence •• Identify various
design, creativity and technology. locations from the map
and interpret maps
Language(s) for outdoor adventure

with other
activities.
Languages help students to develop critical approaches to
the ideas and thoughts collated to read, view, write, compare, •• Investigate the impact
of development and
research and talk about texts. Health and Physical Education
globalisation on
teachers can use examples related to health and wellbeing
Subjects
poverty, the links
to encourage students to reflect on their lifestyles and between food, hunger
analyse ways by which the media influences their attitude and technology,
towards health. For example, Health and Physical Education identifying and locating
emphasises on the importance of physical fitness, self-esteem facilities and services
and body image in the maintenance of good health. that contribute to the
health and safety of
Economics communities on a local
and national level.
Economics is the study of how society allocates scarce
resources to satisfy the wants and needs of its members.
Within the health and physical education (HPE) context,
consumer health assists students to become more
informed consumers of health products and services.

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 The cost of disease emerging from unhealthy lifestyle is
also studied to determine the burden of disease on families
and community.

Geography
Students develop skills in reading and interpreting maps of
different kinds and at different scales. The same knowledge and
Activity 1.5 skills are reinforced in physical education during orientation
•• Create a report and on outdoor education activities (Trekking, Mountaineering,
may be a presentation etc). The investigation of local and global health issues involves
about a game of your collecting information from maps, satellite images, statistical
choice.
data and information and communication technology based
•• Capture still and
moving images of
resources. These help students to understand themselves
sporting activities and their world, to apply their understanding in their present
organised in your lives as well as make evidence based decisions that lead to
school and edit the kind of future they desire.
or annotate them
to explain skill
History
development or tactics.
•• Identify, collect and The study of History reflects multiple influences and
Physical Education - Class X

evaluate data from connections to an array of other countries, cultures and

online sources such times. The concepts of time, chronology and changes are
as, blogs, websites common to both History and Health and Physical Education.
and forums to inform While History focuses on identity from a cultural or national
about myths related to
Physical Education.
perspective, Health and Physical Education focuses on the
range of factors that shape personal identity.
Like skill correction analysis programme, use of cameras
and videos in game, use of wind gauge, Iso kinetic machines,
construction and marking of play field.

Information and Communications Technology (ICT)

and

ICT can be used to access, process, manage and present

Health

information and events. It constructs new understanding and

communicate with others. It is an integral part of different
training measurement and evaluation and offcourse coaching
and officiating very helpful in conducting tournament.
8
Mathematics
In Health and Physical Education, Mathematics provides
tools and procedures which can be used to model situations
and solve problems in areas, such as, scoring different
sporting events involving time, distance, weight and number
as variables, calculating percentage improvement in results
from data collected through fitness testing or performance in
physical activities.

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 Language other than English (LOTE)
There are a number of martial arts developed by different
societies. The text of these martial arts is discussed in the
local languages. For folk dances the accompanying songs are
in regional languages and music has its own characteristic
tone and rhythm.
The concepts of movement, dance, physical activity and sport,
vary culturally. These are associated with their own specific
languages, vocabularies and discourses. Different societies have
different attitudes, values and beliefs about physical activities
which are expressed in their regional languages.

Myths and Misconceptions about Physical

Education
Myths are surrounded in regard to relationship of physical
education with academic success. One of the most discussed
myths in the society is that participation in sport and games 9
reduces academic performance of individual.

Physical Education: Relationship

Myths
Participation in sport kills the time of study. Contrary to the
widely held assumption that sport and other activities cut upon
the time for serious school study, research evidence has shown
that students tend to do better in school when they participate
in physical activities. There is a positive correlation between
performance in sport and the level of academic achievement.
Physical education including sport is an integral part of the Activity 1.6
social and cultural infrastructure of a nation. It really can •• Identify, collect and
make a difference in the broader educational process and in evaluate data from
changing and enhancing the quality of life. Vigorous physical online sources, such
exercise stimulates circulation, helps prevent skin eruptions as, blogs, websites
and increases fluid intake. These exercises also promote and forums to inform

with other
self-worth and mental health, and support an individual for about myths related to
Physical Education.
healing an injury. Sport also enhances physical performance
and induce positive physiological adaptation. When children
exercise, their fitness needs are met, and build up energy
Subjects
to learn and achieve. Given the growing number of children
with obesity, watching TV, continuously being involved in
computer games and other unwanted activities, frequency
of the children getting involved in physical achievement
and academic performance, has taken a back seat. Physical
exercise enhances the function in joints, increases the sense
of physical well being and promotes a sense of feeling good. It
also increases physical working capacity by increasing cardio-
respiratory fitness and increased strength and endurance
and decreases risk of serious disease that could lead to early
disability and death.

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 Assessment

I. Answer in Brief
1. What do you mean by physical education?
2. What is the contribution of science subjects to physical education?
3. “Although physical education uses content from several
disciplines, it is fast emerging as a discipline.” Write two
arguments favouring this statement.
(a) _______________________
(b) _______________________
4. Who is a physically fit person?

II. Short Answer Questions

1. Should physical education and sports be an integral part of
learning? Justify your answer. Give at least three reasons.
2. “All sports can be games, but not all games can be sports” Give at
Physical Education - Class X

least two arguments for or against the statement.

(a) _______________________
(b) _______________________
Healthand

10

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