What is an operating System ? y An speralng System is a Sof af Preageiam ushich acts as an intoreface between compere haredooure W the User, ATE Vs used ta mManaqye Various eesaumces (Like Cpu, meneny, disk ee.) & overall operation of o Computert System Pemchien of gyeredting Sychern 1. Processure Managemen} Assignment 2 preocesserc to diff. task being. performed by The computere System i 2, Memon. managemert Bilocedin of main menor, & otherc Shorage are to the system Breegreatn user Preagream & ded, 3. To ranagement Te mans Co-ordination & assiqnment of diff, To devices hich ong oft Moe Preogreem s UR Being Rxecectel, 4, Pile management Te means the Storage oF les ore yarious Storage deviees H Areansforc these FHles Fram one Sterege device “hy cintter 5. Eloiing W ercemert of i trv Szem TA means ‘th defermnmes Y mentaing the ondac in whieh the Joh’ are to be erecected in the Computer System, TA means dransifion fram Oe jdy to anothere jdo automatically as directed Pf Special Coubreal Statements,— ee andhert in the System roma, y an! Th dronslate The USET Commands & dimecke the / operator, Because of the marsal freansition helm Joh thene ystem sources PORCESS The Comma, NK hg ws @ gtele uiiye of Yelle computer fine bet rege of ntact lth. Golem ss-ene ak He compatere emmined idle which on cpercater” Leaded much concerned about Vrardware details eB fhe System K unlonded jobs & Proparre the System for new jeb vues i : © Estelle oe Sts See Toler Tn onder to reduce this le Hime a meted of audendic 5 protects the resources W Inforrmedtion ea compdep ann a lit on was devices (inverts) when is the ircth : Sastem against destruction umolhortized access. TA Keeps Pragemm RK dein Iw) Seth A wenner sie} they dont inkerface sth ech other, YY ulth tis Faaillty, oan one Job is fivishs the System combo automatically fransfered back te He os which cutomedically Pereforgms the Jeb needed to fond & tun Q. production of dumps prencess fhe Qrerore message & Mo Next Jeb. there debugging @ anor detechve aids _ 1a. Montcivanc? of internal He Clack & Any off dhe Types of 9S x System uses for all the users Vv OS are Calgeniss In OHH. wary. : AS Basea en the ve, of user use that os Evolution of Operating system Q tyres of 05 aren Tn eorely days of computers Jeb to Jeb frensiion Single. vsere, 96, wt autemntie. Fer é i wos : automatic. Fort each & Rreny Jeb fo be execectay ony one wS@r Cam perform one task at a time y @ Computer the pert had to cleare the main Bx meron to rremeve cong dota renin From the mane = = « ce og : mee eteE SS : as oe The npud deve. cof “the apprepniede The os Ty whieh morce than one User cain perch airtches Final x ‘ ay su J Tun the new Jeo Jo obtain tho mecelt more than one task Simultaneously is Known as from the sand “device. After the completion of ono Jo he “rext Jeb by the Computer cpenctre Tyee Kinewon ats Yanaal leading tethaion becouse Jeb were Mulliusert os SY UNtx, LINUX Ue2 Bases Severtal on the dechnologies ame Sed There arce Sudy as s- AWS Balch Processing os W) Mull prregrearing os ws mall precessing s W Time Sharing os V) Real Hime af W) Distributed oS ») Nehuerking 9S 1) Qatch processing _ 9s “The rtunring Hime of Soverml Programs one afferc anche ulthout Cthe need of a reovan cporenctore leserg dy ean each Pragrom individually is called Batch Priest S This is leo known aS sential, Sepuontinl, Stacked job Processing because — SRVETal jebr are Stacked tooatherr KH Press In & gre [den | enti cers opermbyr, 2 % fudemelée jib triton ceriraled by a Sonal cont eae en Tel resides IW MIN rremonty Glad reesiderst serio Advert age Tt reduce the ile time of a ompderz system, applicdions such ac pry roll, preepann|” Ademest de west approprite method of prrecese £ = Ayres of of © Cugemer's Sn ‘5 the Disadverstng @ 3h His Syctem “Wis difficult ty Provide the devined Preiorcity Sceduting.. SS No intcacton lth possible with the use cnite Berge \s veing execected, > At ney Bme ibis USA do dedicate all the System resources to a single Preity Tetng executed Hence Vb is Wereenses fhe Furcn “around Hie of the dob /tesk ii) Muliprogreming of Sy muliprogreamming is interclived execHon af fers / wore dfartent XY independent Progrenens a computerc System. Ty ‘andere’ 40 overcome % problem of -undarc uilizetion of main memes x the cpy the concert , of rmaltiprogreaming was Intimduced in 9S. SIn malt TU ITAM Ny two ore morte cert program reside Simulforensly in main memory x execde Concerercertty >The Cpu Switches From one Frogirarn to anglhere Vnstandenenusly , Since the operenig, Speed of the cpo much dasterc than Het oP input ort output cpercation SMe CPU Can ailcate The program ingerd of ee Ve when one oF The Pregrmms Is buy ‘0 welll 1pe Note that lip aig doowt man , Keaton of awstruction frei eGerml Fragrenms Sima tends rather We Means thet severm) “multiple Frog rams ace available fo Cpu & apotton of ong ic executes then the Perction of anchor XS) on, } Simultaneous execution of more then one prrogream, with a Single cpu is impassible. A cpu ee ony one Aas | instruction at a Hime i >In ese of mulfiprogreeming all: Jobs Residing. ve Pe Tim Mernerey sure wy one of the Folto ny S— eae Ramnng Gis, wing | cPv) 2. Bleckea € it's foreming. Tle operation) 3 Ready, Cat is wit fore cpu’ to’ be asiyned fo 1) > Armen occupied a &, Joo In Memore Known as memay —Prclifion the vw, of Parctiion cllows 5, mein) “rgemerty ot oy given time depend om the 9S. Requirement fare mult pre rain 06 » Legge sa emeres, ) wemerty protec ton, BW) Job Stabs presorvatt ©) Cpu Scheduling a Ww) Propere Joh mix the means at teat ome job to ulllize Cpu. WW) Multipmocessing 06 > Malliprocesing is the stmullaneous execution of Q ere Moree Preacess by « computerc Syctem Vaing yore than one CPL, S Tr othercunmd ih is Used to describing inferr cennected computer configu rend” with 0 /moree independent cpu's Ht have th” abil to Sirtloneesly execede Several Frragrrams, ST Gach t Sypstems instructions From diff & Independest Brejreams cen ye! peacessed at the Same Hime 4 sift, crus oe fhe CRO May be Siemullancously execu gag. Wshreuctions from the seme. Program, Se Tn Sheech snattipecesing Wwvalves ‘Simultaneous ' execedinn sk Severn! Prrogrenn Segement of Same } diff, Froyrns > mull prncessing Systems are Q tyres - y Tightly Gupled System » \eesly, coupled System >In Ayhtly coupled Systern There is & Stole. System Priore memrey Sharced by all Recessor Where as in fessly coupled System , the prmcessore dont have Share memory, & each pracescore hes it aun memef STA \mprves the System * Ravantages STA Ampeeves the Perferemance of the Cmpubere Sgstem iz atioaieg parallel rmcessing. S were efficient use of all of cthere decides of the performance of the | compere computer — System Beltere relibili they also. have bettert tolibility Fran Single PrCESSOTT system . because it one eh the riacesserr takes overt the System work Boag aetorneically —eentitl the faulty processor repaired, * Disaavantage is SA vere, Sopkisheted 96 required to Scheduled 2 balance coremrdinwle fhe input, ovine) K weecessing, achwhes of aulliple CPU's Generally & forge mani is, reequircel fore accomodating, the SwphicHeed — 06 along with Several User en ‘>Tt is very expensive Time Stenting os Time sharing refers fe the ollecation of Gmputer newunies | ina Rme department fashion to Several Program, eee Here the cpu Hime ig shome elven mony sere Process & Frese Processes can be af one “SemZS on differcent users Ar Time sharing, ore smd tasiinn is legieat exterson of malligrrogrenting with a Special Cpu Scheduling algerithn > Mulliple Joos are executed by cru Suitehing bekween them derending an Hime Slots bub switching ocurce so Srepeantly Mat BE swe ray wheel with enh Program utile Yes ret, AN the precesses that cece using a Hime sharing system wil) Soll wn one ‘of the Solowing 3 Steps Achve The user Program curerrently have conbrol of cpu, can be active «to time, ent one’ Preacess: BS Ready The usere Progra is Weead y fo continoue but is walling, fore its “earn Ws get” the alfontton of pu in realy Shute, nt. ime rere than one User can | 3S wait | The process has made, no mceguest for execution of Us Be user fregram ic usifiy Joe Some To opercation. rome Ziv wsiting Sate at a Hme, Ahan one Prtecess can poe : cllnceled Fe mrectse) musthe Walt Jor lo epernkienAavantag e TH reeduce cpu tale Hime FTF occurs computing Facility do Small > TF Provides advartagas of quick Response, Disadvantages Securnty Problem Pray anise. > Problem sf rel Wy. of data commuricedion Y) Real Hymn? 0S > Real Hme as is a class intendal for real time a > A veal Hme application a application Mat quermontees beth comnecness of results & the added Constraints Of meeting a deadline. userrs, S procbolemn sf 0S that are cations , Is an of Shak Scrpparet trea! Hime application that provide Aedheally commect result with iy deadding — reequimed, > Therefore realtime of > Realtime System's basic Structures Similar fe equi “os, bar im cadlition i provides methanism fo Slew real time Scheduling, Lack > Real Hime system ‘ore pub undere 2 FF Wing beitfic tah eercae DW Soft real Hine ex:- Teletarne Voice hard & Soft trent time System 4, > AL Firem_reeal Hime System ic a ambinalion of bath A patient's Ventilator aThis System is mequirced to be highly relible STt is too expensive + In gener trea] Hime System .arce duplitedad So ther iy the event of brrenkdocon, backeep fatillties, ace Immediately available for continesus application of the System, Resident Monvtore TE we talk abeut hw the cade mem om bane machines, then His ompomest ig Leet, Go Hesally , the tresigedt SL ede thet worker Is reson tare machine The residett Movitot wercks LiKE an ac thet contreals Awe Instreuctions N Perrforem all necessary Functions Hike job Sequencerr beause it alse joo & Sens them, te hur a1 Seypuences the also works Frrocessarr, weritere Loads the one to xin, or sonia rams Me “Hed Ge Js resident d s Jo “Ane sequence facterr alot the axe execs WY Ravan & ssing te be feskeg resident meniteg eccucet there Isance dw. iho MH» parels, > The resident moniter 1) cooks Langage inteerpetor » w) Device aniver W) Trterruph Precessing Tetemutt Frecessing Derce Fes Je sequince Gril bang inenrete| USE rm whee Trtemeey Lagat of Resident teviforr|] i) control hay. Interpreter, STA is the wt porch of Resident moriitorr >Tt is used to wend & reer cut the ingtreucti on level to the next Revel, | Resident Meriter Boundary Peco one Loadert STH is the amd parct of Resident mariterr > wren is the Mnrinpand of the teesident moriiterr is Loaderr swabich Roads" the necessarey System R applica Pregreams ty ThE main meme W) Device Driver Wh ig the 3rd of rrecidertt Monitor, ov SH is use te rremaging the commectivg Tifa! devices Jo the System ¥ so. dasically, HH is The intereface be" Usere B Syslem ATH ig wernks 9S ON interefiace bE “the request & Fees FONS, Request which ig _userrmode S Device driver Is mesponce that the system produces to febfell These requests W) ‘tnterccupts, Processing St ic the Hh Parct of rrecident moniter ic wherecupt Preecessing Sahih preecess all hes intercept Processing to the system DMA (dinect Memory access) SDun is a wetted Hd allows an Trput/output devices fo Send ore mecdive deta dieeetly to ore fram the min aero by essing Ye Cpu to Speed Mp memoing, operation SA defined Portion of ‘oenlaey Ys used to Send data ainechy Prem a peripheral to the mmcempmocesser, So thed NR Process deesmit Ynlercface with overall computer certetion > The process Is oe yy a chip Known ac a DMA contrellere. Deg ts a means ef having a peripheral device tonto! Preocessore '¢ — Memorey bys dined.> DuA Feremits The peripherml Such of @ UART, 4p Jromsferr date dicectly fo ore fee memory without Traving, SCH tyte Get toond) Tangled, by he Pracessen, STHe DMA mde of dada Heansfer is faster omen 2s al the mode of ded trans Pan S Ty this mode, the device ms) fromber data directly 48 Herm mewerey theut any nterPereence Fram the chy SDma is a useful wheneverc the CPU cawt’ keep up the vith data Wensferr rate, ee when the CPU. needs Yo Perfarrm work stile iting ker are ee Slow To deta transfer, S multiple haredusrre systems, adept DMA, Sach as disk drive contrallerss ogenmics cards ,neturreK, Sound cards +A Den iso Piece of hardware that allows device tho trmusfere deta to ore frm the system memory. uarthect the help sf the Prcessarr, Wicd DMA transfor ,Sofne event notifies 4Ina nee thet dete needs to be breansfer the DMA ty | From remo, 3 Bdh the DmA & CPU use memo fhe de can use the memorey The periph devices Sens a DMA requocl CDRQ) to ‘Dra conbrallere sskiny HS Permission fs Use Bus. controler, sehis a held raquet CHLa) 4, Bus an} only one the Same Hwa, ster te cpu Fore the peremissten , The cpu relurens an Ackreeslayemert CHLPA) to the ceoteilere grein, HH BUS fe acess The Den com nw Anke Covtreall ct the Bus fo Yntepenterty conduct eure transfer, eeuen the Mreonsfere is) Complete the Den Gnidia malieses contra of the Bus te the Cf WeAD Count Date Benen | Aairess Aine | Stord Radness IE Us ‘Data Lines <—— Rend Conbrral —— Dn request au <— Pekroullagemert a | mr rererctept <—— urite [Dvn Bee Diageo] %* DMA coniedlere Deta Transfer UEDA AMiold AcKennesldgement ‘Dack + DMA y ee DRA DMA Requect HUD > lla Requetheof Didmbuted os ] Disadwontng SS talune “ef the Min vehsTEK USll Stop the entire Amman > These tyre st System are nob mend Awnileble gs vey sre Vury exparsive. Not omy thot the Urderlyin SePhonne is Wighly complex & not understood weil yet Wi) Networking OS “SThese Systems ream ona Serevert B preovide the Caparo b Taamage dela user, Jrroups, Seccaret ds scpplicat? y dher rebutting Functions, > Tes tyres of es alles Shared access of Piles brivlene Security. apeteation, & otter sehanrekivg Furctions evere q Sma) Frivete nehwerk > me merce important aspect of nelworek o¢ is thet ON the users are well anne of the underlyia jh ow that users uit the nelowck hire iw commections ane Populanty Kyun as Hobdy Coupled Sestem Lo Cliewt 2 onfigvendh dual Poa Ce] [=] chewt 5 Chet y Ravantages mag > Hy 4 Gedle corre < ae Tire ges Sen vers. SE > Secartity, concerns are Ynvdled Frog ‘Serevercs Te New Hechnolgies HY demnbunrce cap grmiadien ove cosy jstegemted Wo “the System Ssenverr access is Feasible Fremdely ditt. focations & hopes of System Disadvardages SSEMVeRS are cost > Usere hes to depend on a Centred fection fore meet oparcadions, ~y Mointaneence & ecpicles are required regularly a gc fe Mier windewss Server 2003, Ms Serverr 2008, UNEX Lux, Mac os x, Novell Netimne & BED, ete. Dual Mode Operation Wheat \s_Kermel in 0S 14 — > Keenel is a Computerc Program thet is Q Core. a herd of am os STH the come Parct of an os, rence ites Feil control evarr Gerything om the Sastem. Each operation of Wandante Y Sothonere “s —monaged & advingictneted by the Kerenel TY act es the ‘ridge beam cpplical™ x deter Process} the hardware level it is the central oe. done ct of an as ~e Ws the We 1 OS fret ckuays resides In comucor rngmerty Be eralte Me Commerical cepesarre Ne Matrlheate cometh:the System (oftere the becttender) ence We 6 Headed WH mempes the remaining Stare} yp ST ake es memory , Peripheral & Ih requests From Seba > mrereovert it translates Procesing insheucton fer the CPU STF mawages that *RSKS abo Seth aS a menor mramagem ent , FSK. management , disk ‘magemerh smaney all Tlo requests into deta SA Kermel is Kept & usually Rood Wh Separele meer) Space, Known as profected Keel space. > TFs protected from Wing accessed Preegrems | bess Important pact of t Dual-Mode_operetion 3 In omert fo ensure fhe propere execution of the as |, ue mgt te ale te distiayish betr the execution of 90S cade & usert defined code > The aperonch taken by mest Compukert Systeme is b Provide bherdunre Seppont thet alles te fo diflorenticte oa) various mede of Oxeccefion, sAt the veroy Feast uso need fevo Separate epation a) user vnede ») keene) mode mode 08 STE is the computerr Program find st feaded on Stead r : on BY called the mode bit, is added to the homduene ot the compudere tp Indierte the cureent rede : Kerenel (0) & user) S usth the mde vit, we ane able to distinguish bem “thet execute ch behalf of the “os & a desk execctted on behalf of the User me thet is -y unen the comptere system 5 eecuting an bern? of sere ceppiendion , the System is Bn sere rede. A} Hewoyere when @ USAT appicakion reeywest Frem the OS, je must transition Sim sen to Kernel mode to fulfll | jhe repos At spsert aioe » the Werduane Sterds om Kertnel mode The 0S is then Readed & Starts user application in user mode S when c& intenmuph occars ,the Hy Salitches Prom gen. mode to Kernel mode Cited is , charges the Stete of the mde bit to ®) Tres , hen 0s goes Conk cf the compacta it ism kermel mode. | [[erncee ga mela vse ences| yer Seal tmsel PRE I Kernel te ‘tip wv made beg | )F SS The Gys. Vwoays Suilehes to dere mede before Fascinn aa fea were Frrmgem ; i arce hue mete of ppenation in the 9S th mke Game Wr eaetks corereectly. these srrerUSER mode Kernel mode User _mede > hen the cmputerc system bran - usert epaltin a cetticad™ trem, then the sustem is in Use Mode, Ss uiken the usere application requests fim: a Service From the 0S om am interrupt occurTs om System call, Yeon there will be a Attansition From sere to Kernel mode? fo Pulfil he request To Suiteh faom Kernel mode to user mode» The ede bit Should he 1 Kernel rode ~y when the System bods, hardanre Starts In kerno} wedd & whon the oS is foaded , it Stands in User mode, usert pplication > To brovide Peetection to the Hus 292 HVE priv) eyed wsteuctins which execute only in Kernel vnede STE fhe eset cttemes to nun pai Wm user mede then i ys “lege OY temps to 0s egal lnsten trent eee “¥Some of Yhe Preveleyed instructions arce t 1D Herndlong.Trtereceapt BY To Sostten Pree User’ meds do Kerndl mede WW) Tapal — output mamgement fore! To Sesiten Prom User mode to Kermal mede bit Should be 0 Cero). Services of an 0S An OS Provides AN Umvirronment fre execution oF Program ST} prmide Some services 40 prgrmms to the User's use of these Payton dfn & Provides, Services to both usec & to the Prregrmms > Th prides usarr fhe Sarees ty execute the Programs Wm ce convenient mame “These arce felesing Few Comma’ Services Provides Fn Sfermtiny. system 1 Beagrcam execution Q. Tlo operation 3. Ble System meni pulation 4. Commu cation, S. Feerore detection 6. Resoureces atication, Z. Protection g - UT Cuserr interface)i) Program execution An os. handles amy Kinds of acliviltes from User Frege ho System tmgrmms Jikes printer, Spodem , name Sonvert , file Serrverts ete, > Con Pf these activities ic encapsulated as «process > The prevess chaos the complete Cxeceetion conbext Code to execute dala te momipulicted oF mesaureces: jm cso) Singer actvifies an oc willy Yrregeram ovegement * Leads Program ints ‘memory % Exacaes the Prregeram & Hoyle Frege execution H boovide mecinrism fere Plroress: Synehrronignd9 Derdlec hor! i" mothanisyn YS Tio operation hn Tlo Srb-system consists of Ilo devices, & Shewne Cerwespendinn, denver Softwawe yDartwes vide the abmervan! ly of Syerific hamiunre device Tne Useres, Phone amas Me Coomerivalor dele acon Wy device “2710 opermalion means Pevncien arg Syoritie Tle d es Smokey He ares Hehe hen Heaysieted 2) File System mani yulstion 3H Sle represent aatlection of wolated fernation > compere can Stare Files on the disk , forr fing term Stenaye arose “yh File System is nerernely canpivzeh jwte dinectetties Sarr ersy Tevigetion & we. > The thar activivies of am 0S with respect to Ble wenagement ° Prrgrrars needs wr as gives tho. pertission 40 the Progen fore sperm” on File > os prides an interface to the use to creacte [delete files an inlorrkace to creedte the tnck-ep of file i to frend a Filo ore usttite a Silo Hros pravides System BS Erestare ardling > reframe carn occure a me & angubane, oe my cece An QU in Tlo devices ore im the meneny adivdier of aM 0S uath wespect fo retort Yrndling THe 06 Centlorntly hed five Auesible eres & action fo enseerce cormnect & ye af fakes on>The as Memges all Kinds of resources, using, Sereduters, © > chu Scheduling algertthins ane used Fore beter oh CPU. | ee 4S Communication FIn case ot dubeibded Stems eatich ane a calechon gf Frocesserr that donct Shame meme » Peripheral devices ore a Cleck , the 0S _meneyes commanierons bot all the Beales Se SS maltisle Presses commenieahe with one emethere thea Commericaion Lines in the Nehowk, “rmejor achyties of an os wnt communt cates. j S Teo pecesos eflen Reapime dete to be fren€ oral att thom Spah the process cam be on one computer aan diff computers Wat are connected thratigh @ cmputer netwerk > Commmurication my be Implemented by tuo methods either i3! Sharced ey by message oy 6S Gratection ST refors to a mevanism om 9 uny to cuccess of Bregeans PROCESSES ere pit defined a Computerc System contrea| the Majo activities = She oS ensures thet all ocecs to System frecources awe centrtel\ed SThe © ensewwes Inet extertral To ee sf the recente | a rennnnnnr rere ese regt crete snrrererenene Terence -amre eee eters ere eee proteal fim mild &(ss abempts. “sthe 05 Prendes cuthentrention Fadturees fore each sere boy means of Passwerd 8) UL (User intercface) S74 alleus the sere to intenct with Yao 06 om Computer system Sali wast all the 0S Mhove the user intertace either CUT ore GUI >The usert interface Ihave the difference forms tect way Kine imberFace em GOT > met covnaty UT We GUT, uke the Gindeus System — & Pointing device 40 direct Tle, cheose from menu/teens & wake Selection. be command Questions 1) Explin 06 = & cavartages yw Syadvantages ad Explain StF, ‘gres of 88 in computer | Bd Explain Gh bey va Pragrenning & inl procesig 9s YW What Is Whermuph in os 2 Explain Tio 0s, 5D Expkin BMA in og | 6 exylein Serrent Serevices of og. A whet ic dual mode operation 2 Explain it ? OL.UNIT-I File System +A Pile is a collection of related Infrrrmbion : >The Pile System resides on Sermary Storage & Provide Hi ciont & Convenient acess to the disk v7 allesing, dota to be Storred, locded & retnived > File System is the Parct of of which Is rrecponsible fore Pile reagent S TE provides & mechanism to Store the deta & access to the Bile contents ‘clading ddta & Progra, % Some oS trends everyting as & file. ex - UBUNTU (os) The File System fakes care the Fellewing issues i file strucure > Recovering Freee Space s+ Disk Space assignment to tho Piles, > Trecho dela Locection, File concegt Piles are Jogteal units sf tnforrrmtion crreetal by Processes of RAM, evisting Flies & Crete new ones if we mde disk Tnstead Processes can trend Treyuiered ore weeded , SIvformation storees In Piles must be 4 Process cortein & feremination 3 Fles Should ony be disappear, IF we remove Yh. S tow Biles are Streectierced, nama , accessed, Lisea, Arofected , \mple mented, & Momged are more topies ‘in OF design Pmesaaeeeeuaiaeet Persislort Ve web affoctaSas th whee the Part of cos deling wilh file is callad Ale System. SA File ms a omtain on ts type d D Text File This a SGquene of characters sopeieed inte Jines dPined Stevclurte , which. depends 4) Scurcce File Tt is a Sequence sf Punchen Purdnor caparized as declaration fallnad &4 tewtable Stdements D get fil Sequence oh eats eee ere, hy the Stem ao 4) Erecucteble file Semier c& code Section where the leader tan briny Inte memermy & execute, ech of which is File Plinitbute File alinibudes ome required by a System 4p manaye a Ble attribute ,is the info. Linke with eee! File attmipute arre ScHings, axsocicced wt compuberr | Sites that ao or dong certain righis fo New & “Serr on the oS Can access thd Fite, > Some attrnindes Suh as File vane, five Location, chde 3 fine of certoin are unique Lert each file, > These alttripudes are Yory Fem ome o tp avetherr , Aiinibute of files are i- 1D Namne Bram File armies a tame by hich the Mle ts recaiged in the File System one aivcectorty cawt have fue files Seedion ne vere. with the Same name. than one file Feving, Same name. 2) Tdentifiere Klong with the name , arch File has its own extension which lacotifibs the ‘ype ot the file a A 4ext le hes the ertension.tet, @ Video Ble can Thave the extension « rapt D Type Tn a file Sytem, the Fler ane clasitied in ath bypee Such as variable video Files, audio, fext Files, executable Biles ete. By refers te the tyre of Information Stored. 1.2 System file (sy) Binary File (bin) et. 4) Location, To the file System , thore are Sevartal oration on which, the files can be Stored. Each file carmties Hr Recation as its attrabote , 5) Size The size of the File is one of its most imperctant clinibute By sze of the file, we yen fhe numberr of byes acquired by the file wn the ‘memory. 5) prctection The admin of The computere hay oot fhe diff prfections fore the die. Files.a a Sg acs aS Therefore each File cannies Ws own Set of Permissions 1) Creeele_percation Jo the aif oe ee SSIWs pertedion is Used to Cire file in the file System, i TA contains the rnfermmalion that deternimed..who can dp yy is the ect widely used operation percfercmed on the : Feeding soning, execerdions, et, Re system. eS tie a a Ss To cred? 8 mee file ofa ,Purticulere type the ascacietal — applicalin Fregreem Calls the Gile System > This file System allocedes Spree fo the file fs the file System Krus the Feremnad of dureclerey CAreuceiee made into the appropricto Fverry file canties @ hme Stamp which cowains the fyne & date on which the file is Last modified. Tt contsins the dete & time of « file crrention insertion Upddtion, goletion eb a file So ty a ths me file Siececforey 8) Owner 2) open aperation STA is the Common opancdion Performed on the file. STre information about ali file is keph in the divectery sence the File is cicendad ib must be opened before Sireuchurce , Which mesides on Secondary Shoreage, Perrin the Pile processing ‘operrati File operation when fhe userr wronls fo spent ‘A provides @ File rerme tn open the Parieulare File in the Fi System Tt refers $0 ‘the name of the creectorr of a File SA Pile ie @ collection of rolnlal deta Te tecvertal on. : the Seondury Steroge im Ne form of sequence of operceline STA fets the 05 tn wee the oPen System call & passer >The cite st fhe Hes are defined Hy Hh conker en! dhe File name te The file Sestem, i creel i the file. 2) Wrile operation ls Used fo wortle the informrtion int @ file, ie isceeed Md Speafies the name FS Te variins sparections which Goan be Implemented ong Pile | Such as wand pwrile, open & Chee ee, are alld File aflere thewy Read operation STrig Fenation reads the contents Prom a File , yh meng Frimere is mowteined by os, Print , ; the Position up te which the dela hes been Tend, 8) Seek spermdion / Reposition FTE Seek System call re-fesition the file pontercc Eewm the fecion toa Specific place in the Pile Le Sorcunred | backward depending pon the User's Requiem ent. curerceyit SThig oparcchon generolly Bereforemed wsith fhege Files mramegementt Sgstems thet Support direct Kccess File, © Delete _opencdion SDoleking fhe File wil ne delete all the dela Sforced side fhe Be jit also us@® So the disk SPrece occupied ty Ws Preed, wFIm omterc te delete the Specified file the directory is Seneca, ode ending Is Receded yall the assacietal File spare & the lrcectoney entry is reelens ed F) hese sperration | when the Pacessing of the file is complele it Shnukl be Coed , $9 th lt be Chersies Toke Permanert y alt the resources accupieh Should be relersod “700 chosaly. iH dealinled ll the thd wene creded when the file we erenal deseripfore S CIesed eerste eerie fa 8) Trumeate_overcafion, ST is siowly deleting the File excert deleting alinibubes, SThe ‘Ale ts net ompletely. ddleted Nartough the information Stoves “inside the “Fle ges replaced 9) Append operation R SThis., opertation adds deta to the end of the fle, > TE mems new deta will be added at the end of the file to) Rename spertation ashi apercation Is used to rename the existing File. SA Ble Com Provide A NCW Ale name. FILe TyPe ) f ' As we Know thet computer ame esed fore Storri my the info” ferc @ permanent Hime or the files are used for" storrin the dela fore users fore a Jong Hime Pertiod, 3 The files can type of information: Pheu Gon cowtains ons & any deta in any fo i Store the text ay lwmages a >So thet thre must be some mechanism these ane bebe, used Sor Shoring Information, aecessing & alse Percharwiny ~ Some cperreetjon on the Files There arre any Files which have thet oun tyre & name, Soren we Store gai fie ,we must have te Specty the name & the type of Wes Sn this case rtgre means the pp Riven 2 Sve fie vetergs fo Spedal gre af Aypliccctin SoPtwarre, in ewith the File has— > Byer Bes Velongs te Semen we Provides a mame to a file then we alse Spee by the Wlersion of the file whe Ae because a System wlll reelrive the contents af the file Ww the However, fhe ane Uses Many Vardation ef these basic. +yre. Sthare are 3° basic fegpes of. $tles:- % Regular Stores deta (text binary, executable) Contains infe x Directors used ty access other files. XS dePines a FIFO Pipe File J Physleal device, > ny File types meg nized wy the System Fait \nte one of These Caton ores These are the mest commm files Adee name fore regular Files is orcdinary files, % Regulan Ailes contain “data. * Text files These ame regular Files Ht relatable os he user, HTHs Wheermetion is Shee in ASCET. We Coen disylay Prcintt Shese files. athe Kine & tet file mus. Charmer tent Cam excoen contain Wnforomect* + vd conten NULL “LIME (ony! byte i legth Twedating THE neo Line charm ctor, ; > the Ven Yext $e doesmt Prevent the inclusion 9 contra) [chore , non Preiviable character, S Standard ufiliies that List text Files es inpul Joutput are ae eithere able to process fhe Speciel “ Chareacterr, *& Binary Files : Shae ame Reqular Files thet contain Infermation Rendable ~y These Files ms 4, executable files thet iwsireuct the System to acomplish % Jeb “> commands Programs are Stared in execstable, binary Rie. > Sperial coming: regres trroslades) ASCTI text into Vimy code > The ray have fines 7 of Less than “LINE MAX" bytes Character ,2ach tereminabed by & new Kine charracterr ade, bet” text & Vinay file is thet, ext file with no Nuee Directerey Files TH contein informal” of Phe System eels to access ail ‘yes of Biles, but they do ndt contain actual data, rege fe give the file System ¢ > RS result, dimvechries eccupy Less Space than’ @ reyulare Re & give the Fle System Sis Hesiity X dey Each iectorry enbrey erepresents eithere a file | Ss ainecry > Exch srirey cortains the name ef the File X the ‘Wider made” teeference numbere (T~rede) The T_nede teins to The Umigue Inder mode assigned te Ie tiereer rages sere eco SThe Tenode deenibes the Location ef the deta QGsociectay with the file. > Vinectomes are crrechea & set Conbrallel by @ Sepanaty of Commands x SPecial File These files define fore the sgskem on temporary files Created processes Thome ame 3 deste types ef Speral Files: 1) FIED YD) Block 3) Character SFIFO Ailes ace alss S Vines ame cradal by oe pracess te temorenty allow With anchor processes to exist When tha Ist Process called Pipes Commurication These Piles irises S Bleck KR Characterc Filer define devices, 3 Every Fle hes a Sat of permisions called access moder Fret ‘olecmime whe can read ymotity, | axecede the file Fue Structure “A File Streucteree shed be accored focrmat that o& can Understand. A File tas & coefain defined Ghructurreb accoredivy 40 ts fave > A ted Gels a sequence of k Wwe. ing to % trepirced into Characters 0 ren zed oh Seumie file is & Sequemte of precedes % functions Sean orjert Hees sepence Fass ergnriced eho Uieeks thet arte CrMertstendsble by the machine > uhon 06 defines Aff, Ble HEFT also contsins the ede jo Guppyct these File Structure, S UNTe DOS Supperct minimum no of File Stractine Thare ame 3 commen wong Fore Precharge} of dies Foye Seprence Cunstreucurted Sequence of re) J Record Sequence > Tree hike: Stireuchurre, if Byte Seqpeence eee J uhet io Containd Inside the Fle is Specifc te the Praga Yrok ull carte feed them, oy 10 Bile Is costruckura 2. Record Sequence Im Ais eet a Hle ls a Sequence of Fixe Renate Recends ech” of with Some ternal Structure swe can wead the reecard | dete ortitereg hut cant inserted iw the widdle of the file. 3. Tree Uke Se eonization ja Mle consist ofy a tree at the Same tenth im Fbxceg _Psition in the recent ence sin Ans st Necessar a key f af | reccecds Rach Corttat riShe Aree Vs Sobel on the key Hill ty allow Teepta Searching et particular key. + Detalase create files thet are Like this estheudd relying on The oS te Kim the formh ‘ a ‘e | Wecors og mae em Dobe Seywence —- Reared Seyence Access Method Alsi) Files ore Stee i the ae of the cmpden System y When these Ales are reequined y The ppplicl then the oS hes to read the computer, ‘eee & access the meqiirces Files, (Tree sequence) “AN access meting Ts the Pretion of a amputerie os Tesporéitole fore Fereomhivy deta Sets & ether dine} to SpeciFle Shereag e devices aid o >. othere Systems Such as these of Tam Suppoeds Ferc mg access metas hoes tng. is @ amcjore design, Pall, _< There ores tory to access & Bile into a computrere System, S Sepuenttal | hecegs W Trex seprertial Access W) Direct Access, Sequential Access 3 TE Vs tho Stmplest Access Ynettiod S Infecmat" in the Sle ts processed in ed ere jane reeend afferc the ther, XS This mde of Access \s oy Sore Yhe mest Colemn we : Raitere Be Cmpilere ssually, access the $12 in thes Ne ferme, PRead K write make up the Walk) of the opercdion en a Me ' A Revd _operesdion Read next reek WH Next tasition advance & Ale Binterc, whieh Keeps track To spare on & Sreaty. Jocection, F Sinilordy fore the este Cuenite rect) appent tr the en of ie file & advance to the naw wottiten rechent Key ras Sala is accessed Me TEecoreig rh alert ematherc recetta IW an orederr, of the fle & avchontial éni e@ when | use read Command pi+ Move ahead painters Wy SNe sure Ve UGE write Commend , Yh wil} allocate meworty BR reve the Peter to the end of the Re. S Gedy & Tethed Is responsible fore magnet deve, Index Sequential Methed STH Ww the her method of accessing of « file, timich is built on the top oF the Sequehtinl accese methea S These methas consteuct an inex fre the Hle Athe whey Uke an Trex ty the Wreck of a eck contain the Pretest, te the various bolackK 5 STo Find w mecetd In a file ,we bE Serech the yraex % then by the Waly of Rivterr, we access the Hle ainectt Key vairts STE is Walt on top of Sequential access, Te comical the Paster by, “sing maex haveritag 65 eye eae, vuSioulorr 1ceccerd bee ast Ag ete 4 Tease peda , Disedvertage J These melhed requires Terre Stormgye Spee due to the ge of Avo Aebles , Ve Traex fable dela teble Tse 3cgo\ 3509 a (3a ‘Twher Table, Ravenkesy YT As ons Ao rays Break rthain STE Ww Simple Rese 4p understand, ay to weerct a@ ves Frerercd ek the end ef the Me is wy APTA Uses less enyensive Harduarce & Sl resources Disadyartayes To Geurch & pareticulare Rerred ig more Hime casing & ‘weer inn @ Keecers d Aceting Meus reScord ort ald reeteey also consume more ime fea Bar Casing of Te) cr oe my Vor Cand af te)Dinect Access Methad SU As also Known as relative access methad. > Fed Negih heal record ef allows the Progra te wend & rear eeeidly ,in me Particular order. “>The Arvect Vccess is based on He als model ef a File Since die allruss Rendon Access fy any file block | e VWewal eg L wemborray wrnte “Fore dined Access 1s The file Sequence of Weck / Record. SThes we my teak Weck MH then blk 5a & thoy we Gn uonite” bie 17, > There sw Resiniction on the war tthe oc ts neerenally, a Relative “Bleck Number 1 the Wh nelelive block eh me sk [File Vs Zerol0) & then Aone) # Se on Ravens) es STX tees Less Ame te mend [rite Ceced as compeg Fo Seyuentinl access method, SIm Wis case of insertion Mt Ackes less Hue, Dis sdwertines Tk bake were Hme to Search % PacHeular record in a . Ble Dircectarey Stra churce The rectory SH is the oe riget™ of file inte a Wereehy °f Felder. > Disectorg Gen We defined as the elated file on the disk +The Seectory ‘may Store some on the entire file attrilech és. A Aacodery ww files. SA Hard disk can be div. ito To. of Parctitions of dif? Sizes called Volumes ae mini disks. Seacr parcbition Tas af leact one dtrectorey in wich all Ane les of the Farctition is Listed, can also be aefine as ‘the Ale thet Corffains the metedecta, Js & Container thet ts Used to contain PMers: fardition 2. Storage > Brey aieectorey, Sstppurets & ne, of celums oparefims m ie file. 1. Ale ceaetion 2WSearch for the HeRene the file Ss. an les 6. Listing, files > Several Legend Steuchire of the Aeectoreg are ag foes ) Sie leel Dinedoryy] S The Gimpest methed is te have one my Ligh of all tke files on the disk. Ib means the files sre Storred in the same direct i which makes It enierr te canderstond, d > The Aiecectorey conelns one erdray Pere ench file Erasest on the Ble System, +™s yr System: a Deederey Ln 2.8 [pelace | sony | vate | feel fies fa} o fel seab o Ravanttag es > imple mentation Is Very Sixnple > Te the Sizes of The Wes ane ven Small than the Sian Mey, werome fastener a “7 File emation, Searechiny , deletion ty very clnple wh ave only one cy c a ————— eS OS Dis. adverts es, we cnt Haye toe files With the Same name > The Ainechorry wy be very ag, thereehrce Seargine foe 0 Ble my YaKe So much Fime => Protection can't be Wmplemented Sore multigle users > There ane vo ways be Seep Some Kind 9$ files > Choosing. the oss urique name fore avery file is @ bit complex BK Rwits the wo. of file in the System ecourk roost af The as Riwitts the to, of Chmmedees used to consteud the Mle mame Tuo level Directories Ms level, We Can Crete & Separate dinechny. as >In fer each USS, Srwerre is one Westerc dinectrey wich Conbsins Separate Gieacordes deeded “to Gch Bers, S fore eh Sere jthere a ahh rectory present ab the Seams evel captcing grep oF users Be srthe Sysien doesn) Leb a user to ertere in the other sens dicectorry witout Perey cston, Mastere Danedwey [ser 1[ wena | aes | ob bbs Usere ireecherey ie \; Chanacteristies of Two level Director > ach file hes palh name as Juser-name | die. name > Diff. com have the Same fle nome > Seorching veemes tmce ficient | only One Wen; to be traversed, Uses fist needs 5 >The Some Kind of Pe cant be yreped into & Sime directory Fore Parcticulare USerr. Dis advartage “A sere is nd allwed to Shore SMe with chen i USATS. ST ls ct very Scalable, eso Files ef the Same tyre cmt be groupe to gether wn the some user D Tree Structured Dicer +tn this Srcectny System jay. either be a file “ore Sub- dircer fo Sicectrey foley cy TTwis Systems overcomes Fhe drawbacks of tup-lere] Sucecteney System, +The Similar Kind of Siler im one aircect ny Com how be greupal S€ech, usec bes. its own ee Bb nt enterc in other Users directory A Mewevere the User has the permist ¢ Fhe weds date bit Cant write ore andi figg this. aon Adwinstreadoe # The System tas the complete access OF rod Simectorry, > Seavey ag norte Eien in this cal Sis The conceyh of cunment working. is ced, sa Ble om ve acesed by. foo typos sf path, © Absolute path VE is the path of the file with crecpect te the trot dimectiey of the System ® Relative path STE ®& the path with Tespect to the wanking directory of | the Sychemn, current ST ths System , the user Te pven 42 or ‘lege jo create the files as wel as dinectonizs Bed evel Trectory — [Heme [Bin [tie | Files & Sch Dinactonys ([eerifums en cs Fermin on file & director ArThis System nay Consist of yorieus level thereferre thers is Set of Peramission accljnal fe &ch File & dieectersy,eee eee eee eee eee eee aera erence ee the permission are RWX , which are tregardin R=nreaainy yw unin, & x-execction ef she files / diwectoney STho permission are asdgned fo three types of user OuMne 5 er & Ahercs. Ravertter eS, Avery general, Since a0 fathnome an be ven, a) Scalable , the Dreobatilte, of name collision, is les > Garching, becomes verey ASY, We Can LEE Wath absclete as wall as Relative fedhs. Disaavertt ag @ y Every Pile doesnt fit indo. the hierechical - modal, Files may be Saved. into malhle © directoess. > Th is nePhicient » because aceessiny accessing a file | ] | swe cant Share files. > 39 conderr multiple ditcectordes, ] | ' /GS SYSCOT a n—m—nsq ¢naTnh —hk0—""i Avthe permiscion are RW.X , which are reer / Qeneadiy yw muniting, & xeexeeution sf the files Sinecfory S7Tho_ poramission arce _agstned te Tree types fuses une 5 a Xe Aheres. Raverdages sven genre, Gince AN Fathname an Ke given ah Scalable , the Prebble, Sf mame cotisic ~Y Searechimy Wwecomes Very KS4, we Cn YSe Lath ehslele as wll as Reletive falis Disadvantage Every Bile doesnt fit into the bierchical- meddly Bes rey he Saved into multifle * directors Swe cant Chane files FTE hefficert | beawse aceecci ™y FP onder Protection & Access contetel Mp accessing a file fe dinectenies ¥ File Prtection 7 Every sees Uses , diff, typer of methods to Access a file Iainecerrg | Se contrds the fle Acess bg, Selfivg_pennisclon [ to files w directories, “rparemicton cay we” Se te! gras! ore dey Recess: 40 Specific Pines W dieectonies 3 Te pewdection of « file meals Needed iy shullimucery eeviconmertt, where & file ts Shared, among. Several Uses son Szsiem which doesn't permit accegs te the rec af. othare sesTS Protection ig md) mrequirced Ss protection i mechomism must! preovidey Coutrialled’ access by sehr ting the Ape of File ushich” can be made Access ig Reremitsed on denial depending Upon Severea) factors one f which is the types of Recess tequested, SSevertal aft wpe of operrettions may be controlled > These operrations are * Reading From the file 4 ware pon the fle He Execating, on the file Beading te tain me writing mew tle. at the end of a file OP Deleting the - X_ ralesing, the Seace. “yimany GE Pedi mehenism eve been proposed > Gach’ ong hes Jt sivanteye & Soadvearage mut be Seleced —uatich iv So Suitable Us mended Qpplicstion A Joye compere) yeeros ut, ype of prdedtion Mechanisms Gimpared | AR Semel Compelare Sys. ad WY Smell group of UserSThe pretection com be Sepporcled with file iHself Wat the merce Common Choma Ys a Provide protect” wth poh, S Ths, Es Path name refers fo fla ina dieeceey the user mst be allowed access fo beth the Aimactory & te Ke = Protection is an whet is Ble System M05 Exel He Tyre & Sinucture —UNIT-11 ! ' Process Concept > An oS Teves whet to call all the cpu ackivities, yA batch System execdes Jabs, where as a fine sharin System hag sere moyen Les. o Feven on & Strgle user System a User wy fo Teun | Severtal Preogsearms st a time. Scyen if The asere can execute only one pi moat | a Ke, the Smeg Ned 49 Supperet Hs chon wtermal | Poa adkivities Sach ag “emorey matey em enF | | ay be able DIn many respect all these activities arerte. Similare, Se we coll ot “of Them — preocecces. | S Tho term job & PRICES are ugey alimoct phere, Any het Text Soe preverc the tercm process much of the o¢ theore: pK tertmine le wes dav, “durin a time ohen the ng | activities, of 0% was job “processing i | Wrhet is process SA graces is a Prepram tn execation , YA Procecs 6 More than The pragrmm cade Some Hme Known of the text “section which is ST also incleds the curctcert ackiviies as cceprecented The value a the Program — Cocenterg and — contents of the pracessorrs PeeststeresProcess Concept “FP oS Imvalves whet te call all the cpu activites! SA batch, system execedes Jobo, where as a ‘time Shared System Yes sere To desis, Sven on Single - vesere System a cisere Wray, bere able to tun Sever Prregreams abcon time, Seven oe Were can. execedte. only one Program at a Hime the o¢ nd ned te Suppoet its Sean, whercved Preegreamed AchViti2g , Seech 9s mem framo cnent 7 Tyo wory rtespeds all these activities” ore Similars , So we call all of them Processes SThe tecm joo & Process are ‘wherecramaatty ww the text used almost Swe prefer the Ferm Process , much sf 06 Tree wu Nercenirmonsy wes aay. ding ducting & one when The jer achiveties ef o§ cons “je Processing, The process >The process is a ee Wn & ecechion, “SA Process ig merce than the Program cade, which is Somelimes Kroon ag the text. Section, S Ft also Wncludes the caren ctlivily 95 nepneserte by the Velue of the Pag sam countere & he covirents of the Pro Cessarrs" ceagistees, > A Process Jrvercally, also Incldes the pracess Steck wahich Cothalns ‘emporeary, date Csuch @5 Junction parameter, metunn address etc) & a aka section, aihich cataing geloal Vateteble The execedion of ProCesS tus Progress in @ Sequential — foremek. The process is defined @S ay onlihy eahien represents She’ basic amit f° took Meh do be inplemedted WW the “system. Process State S As a Process executes , ib Charges State, A The Siete OF 0 Process 1s defined in. parc ef The cunment otivihy, of thet omcess Each process vy be the Blowing Stabes | \. New a Rendy 3 Recnning a wetting. 5. TercminedtingN ‘Tereminecte_ Eni this the PROCESS is’ Set do een!” & unite fare Hs execution Hime ty get the ey recess thet are Ready re eecuetiy are Bhrea Fre Wo a queme hee @ ce es | Tho oo Ron | Suspend Tm a’ mun siebe , the cpu Selecie. the | \ : Process ore’ exeaction R exececler the inchewcthion S The Process, Krom VAs Creeckion te Completion, Pagae vithin the Process Ahi verdous States, Warr | Block The min. na. of steter is Five, TE the Process Is In ren Strete BK “the Process > The names sf) State ore rt st 4 shag Meads Some Resources fore ekecution pul the Te, plocess- ey bein one of te 9 resources 16 held % Seme here process then the | Stebe. a execution > New, ng a ty process enters ite the bcKed ote wong” chide. fecnieg7B 6 an esenfial ard of ig wl prgreainy os were Ahem One PMCeSs fy. be Leada} DY Crreedien \ > Such 9S allow ance the Pmcess Ys erected , it alll be reek come nto the Recah uaue Crain mormon Vay the Oxceestinble oy, SX the Roaded Process oY Sane he CHO Sing, RE” metering \s aM OS Job ore tesk thet > process Sy Xe trend ME x yw ol be reaky, fore The Sxecuctton, Brocesess of diff. Stxtee 0 Scheduling, out of the tat Processes Present yn the Scedules Trendy queue, the 8 Chaeges one preecesc.” whiny, onning, Stored execieting wv. STWis allows 6 to allewette a time internal of op, Pre cess re come to the blocked funit She execution fare each preacess, ter case the S pnceis’ Sceluliny Sychom tnd Kea the oa a the Rime if duardiey, the &ecution Then Precesare Gfates sxeceliryy the ster Pracesses, wy This alas us to get the winimam sespnse Awne Sore Programs %) Deletion, once “the Purpse of the process, Jes wee then the 05 toil Kill the Process. The carter of the Process (beg) bo doleta) cess Sceduling, Queve . K the Process gots, terminated by, the 9S. The meintaing oll process controls Wpleck Ig | Precess, Scale, queue, > The ‘st maintaing a Sopa e queues Fore each KR Ahe Proces antrol bck (PCBs) st alll Process scedulin FH is activi of the Process mating err wet the — temval. ef the running Process” Processes Tn the Same exectetlon cheer are Plceg im the Same queue, Siete Fa Process is Changed \s PR hondles Seam the CRO R the selection of: atether process on the bas of a particular Strotenyy | | yunen the | unlinked from fis current queue to move ‘6 $4s Vs New Sube queue, 23 tyres of og Use arre t STob queue i Ready queue SS Device quave Job queue : ST helps us to Store all precesses im the System Rady queue This tyre of qeaehelps us ts, Sed rer, , Process reside Yn the main) memory Zieh ‘s ready x westting. Stute to execute 4 Device queue TH We he Process Le bloke because of the cksence of am input foxhput device Jov_] ——2 Ready = > Exit Te | Fh ea +The o an ue def Polycies to anges each qust® Cito), Round Robin , Prionitey , ete, The 9% Scedulor deleremine Now 40 Move Prncecs bon the coy a Tay queue — which ey Have ony, one tte Pere preacessore on the Sastem Im the above dlogrram rectetiole reprreceytts a weve. > circle [oval represents the seSourece S The arerma vivdieches te Slow of the princess Renta Heit Rvary new Press Ub per iw the redegs Jueue waste in the Ready queue until) this 9wh Ban wy process fore execution Mere, the news Process tw pet jn the reed queee & worts cnt | is Selechd fore execution oe. WIS dis pede, X CPv Sone oh Mhe prmcess is alwectal’ the cpu & VAs execuling,, - To Request SL Rene Ed reyest eee Ihe \mplementet{on, Should Agcued an Input out pul ST Jo queue Tr Shouts we placed wo the To puere, BS comectore bet Child K_ Child execede The Process Should creche > The Precess Should be weit my Ms Fermincd” | TD) Twtercreeph occurt TH Should temove ferce fully, Few as regal of | ‘wterereep} once Intercept Is completes tk. Should we Sent Yack Feta yee, new Sub Process S Reming, BS /Not Recnring: 1D Reconing whenever” a new Process is baild’ it is” enteral, Yio), the System ami (Should bes, eumning , | 8 Ser Boring i een kept jin queue. which ts tasting "fore thee j tan to exececte. Each entre Wn the queue ts @ Pont Ap A Specific Process, Tyres of Process Scheduler STh is.g)t ype of, System S/o cit allews us to Vendle — process, Sceduling, There ance Trainly 3 tyres of prrocese : Scedulore used fore tmndle Process Scebling These arce 1- » Leng berem W) Short term W) rmetivon "“Tintermediate\ Long ere DST is allo Known aS Job Scaulerr, “3TH Chooses the process fromthe Pol ( Secondary mewerry | Keeps them in the, Treads, Hee maintain, in the -prinany reer ar vnainhy comtrea] She degree of malin the Purepsse of This Scedulore, “Ts! 4a Chose a Pech tix of Elo bound iCPU bound Pracess, semen the’ jb Present “in “the Pook , STE the sb Scedulstt” chase mmrte Tl howd Processes, ther wll the Joh Tey eceside iy Wwe ioc Stabe the me & CpU Wil Kemi idle met the time, tl Sty ol eluce the deyree of toullipmy rn, 3 The Jb of Jens term Scedulorr is Vern Crifist & mY ect Me System fort very, Jeng He, W Medium tery _scedulor STy feKe come ody the Seoap oct Brtogrenn oe Wapato ait f Suntrng > Ts ads the? reaming Stede Princess need Some To Kime Soc the completion then there is a need | jo deye Te Site Srom 4g coniting. Tt is wah Fore. HS: Purcpege, 4rom the | Te reomaves the" Prmcess Peon Stake Ke roeke teoom fore the dherr prnckses, => Suen Process, are the Sump od process & fre [procedure is, called Scoapping Sg ed matin’ erm Scedulere is ecespnsibhe For Suspending, u resguming the braces, > Th wil “reduce the degree af mi peyrening Tr The 5) Se resin ‘s necesarey tohave @ perfect, win of process tm Whe remy, rely WHeUe, Shere terem Scbdedlare FT ol by aso Kiw\ @5- COU Schadularr, | PTH Select one of the ib Frum the Meads queue & aispeth ty the CPU fore the -execedhion, thin is A AD Colect Which disedchel’ Feary the ekeeutin, | FR Sendutte aly -—Tne feos of DRE Sore FeAM 1 SEW er Gna the. Sense dhe +r cpubdsnst time , Is Vere. dhact » will Have be very ceciticn! ‘Selads je whose Yigh fra oll the, jabs often io woot ny the, MOM duere Sore a Very in ova Hime! rhe problem ws celled! sry onise VE Re Shocct He Sched meets «Sone THishnKke’ cpu Scheduling > cpu) Seredutingy, Ws, & Process et Seprotiy rich Process, hie CH ChU fore execution while anather Process “is an bold iy the Stade. ; : > the win tsk of Chu Shabu Ys to ake, | Sure thet — Wheneverr the "CPU remain idle, the of ak Aesth) Selec on. the Process available Ww the ready ute, fore execection, The Sdlection wilh be careried owt 4 the sy TA Salects on the Process’ tn momar thet ead. Fore execution. J Sarevalion whieh | while selecting. the jobs. He THE” im Of Cpu) Schedulin systematic fast to Make the’ ire] reelible. =r Another — Component Twvelves tn The, ni fuanchon is the Dispatcher. Sthe aAisyedchere module That ges cnltal of O Sub Rraprenm Sub cid the CPU to The PROCESS “Seheches ¥ the Shor Fime scheduler. This) Funchon wwvelvas, WS SuMtehing contest WD Soltehing, A the sere made > Jumping fo the Propere ocation in the sere Peg Fa Yo weeshuch The Prepenm feom Where Ib Afb dash Hime, Tyree of Cpu Schedulin > ceo Sevetulng decision rmlge Ank2 place under the {aloud H Circeumstances AS iene princess‘ Suitehes From the — im She to the ussiting stele ( fore Tp nepursth om My, TovecsHions of unt fore the Fereminehien f of Whe! child poredgges oneEBD nen process’ susitehes fram the wendy >The fan Aesk is: Wwhercupled fore Somelime Stole de the Peay stele. Geshen an we resume” | hater when the Priori hy tsk, Anternaph — occeerr) S Cohen a pracess Switches from niting Shee pti Aiba i chaluli ng . Stoke (completions of 7H oe t, Sealing ig used Prin when a PrRECess Switches eithere frm wo State ty Feealy Sete are fom valli hete Yo ready Stebe has fivishes am Sxecution. WY when a process Fermncles , STn cimumstences 1 & 4 there is) no choice Ams heres of, Gchebusling A mew Press if one eis} i the wi >The, wesources, (he CPU cyste) orce mney allocated gquoue must We Sdlected fae Oxeceetio to Whe, process. fe & Jimitel amount of time BR then are tskKon suey, "8 sft thet’ the prncess Tere Ka cheice , nesevar tn Chrecumngtonces ig open, Faced back te, the freaky queye iy R 3 Tre case TF the Process SHH “Hag & ¢pU a f ergot me Fem diving. SM Tere ae. & Kinds of Schelling metho eas d tel Resin 1. Pre-ewidive . Xu . ? 2. Non- pite-euplive Losi : Pree- emphive ' SThe process Stays m the rely quowe undill if a Tn Ws tare st Schelling y Ihe jobs arco 92, thes mech “cheeces to eetate, Stall Gisnit 5 ‘ usually Signin th Priorities > Some atgerithon ere based on Anis lyre of a) > PA Hime Vb ig necessary fo trum) \ Rouna = Robi Se Certain job thet, hes a Miere Prior tay | XS Shore et Feernoining ime firegt Sehottog GRIF) before adhere tes | Job Althea this ening BS Brionlty Scheduling (primitive)NS whan a, Process. Seoltenos Bren oes States jo the wendy. Stobe Cohen. an intercuprt occurs) WS uken a Preaces Suwitehes Frm. voting Stel @ ty _ Mee. shete Cems fh) | W) when § & preess terminedes, Non - pre-emphive Wunders “Atis once! “The “Cpu has been llecected Ae a prrecess , ‘the pre cess Keeps Until Vb | seelease’ ( Dealtwecte) “the Chu’ “either, by tenn oe Wy Sultehing He the uot ing inte wis Scheduling rnathod is, used by! the f micros} Win 3 & yeaa WoT Ws the anty method thet can be Use on Cerctain Pet forem because it doeswit ! eaqtee the special Wemddioree CHmmerc) neehed fou i Tard ware WS TA doesnt Where pg 5 prececs ! geunnini ) CPU tw the middle in the execudion WOR ust BN the Process, - Complete ts, Cp \urct Hime and ten aftert the tt GW. alloc ane Cpu ‘fo oy she process, A SOT — atte shortest “job first (STF) & von - prion Seredulrng. Gcheduling icrditertia op There ‘ The process excedion Is consist cpu execution & Llo wait, fia cycle of rT The processes altermete behoeen these 2 Stile Cpimcess execution & To wsit) >The process execution lungs begins Storts with Li CHU Tpursh Le fellowes va an Flo ‘purct BR then Again the CRU Gurect’ then amtrare To vargz itmd So ery” % svenhaaly fhe fest Cpu burch & SD OW Lith the Sy Nepeest to ferwince execedtt 9 reethore than Tho ~ weark.“Process execution! comsish ? sth neg cer CPU bunsh BR To wwihy e ow eee ee Process Alternete belueen these- hun , Steles The prowess execution bans with a= Coy Bars] Tred te Tansy] Which is foliaoed by cenethee TOCRET “then andhen 1B So on. NOTE: executed inrthe. CPU i To Burst TH ois whenithe cpuris 9 fore The Sore Fuurthione execu Load Slore add Shore CRU louret Panty fom file a wet fee To FH To Bares} Store mercement Index write to the Sle CPU Burst wait gore Tob T]o Burret CPL Burst Ty is the amount of Hime, & process cpu amkl is task Starts fore waiting fore Sama Tnput | Interupled “4 Some there preceg uses the T]0 Burst > TA is the amount of Hime, & proces wails fore input | cetput before needing [need the cpu time. Scheduling, ALGORITHM > Be hemon Activities | ee the 98 needs, fo plan js These aechivities are the varius procecses the meed to be — execeeted by the os ony Scheduling “psi are ucad ah SLocag Mgcrathn the Alocnttiom eahich Fale uc Tro neh Sepy Hine we Coan Mote To the * preecegsec . + These Stecbting Algerithns sree primitive / ron ~PeomIhYe.