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    Gondwana

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    utkarsh patel
    The Gondwana Supergroup comprises continental deposits of sandstone, shale, and coal seams that formed during the late Paleozoic era. It is distributed along valleys in central India and the sub-Himalayan regions. The lithology includes fluviatile and lacustrine deposits with occasional marine and glacial beds. The succession is divided into upper, middle, and lower sections based on differences in climate and fossil plant assemblages. Coal seams are an economically important resource found primarily in the lower Gondwana.

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    Gondwana

    Uploaded by

    utkarsh patel
    332 views12 pages
    The Gondwana Supergroup comprises continental deposits of sandstone, shale, and coal seams that formed during the late Paleozoic era. It is distributed along valleys in central India and the sub-Himalayan regions. The lithology includes fluviatile and lacustrine deposits with occasional marine and glacial beds. The succession is divided into upper, middle, and lower sections based on differences in climate and fossil plant assemblages. Coal seams are an economically important resource found primarily in the lower Gondwana.

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    The Gondwana Supergroup comprises continental deposits of sandstone, shale, and coal seams that formed during the late Paleozoic era. It is distributed along valleys in central India and the sub-Himalayan regions. The lithology includes fluviatile and lacustrine deposits with occasional marine and glacial beds. The succession is divided into upper, middle, and lower sections based on differences in climate and fossil plant assemblages. Coal seams are an economically important resource found primarily in the lower Gondwana.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    332 views12 pages

    Gondwana

    Uploaded by

    utkarsh patel
    The Gondwana Supergroup comprises continental deposits of sandstone, shale, and coal seams that formed during the late Paleozoic era. It is distributed along valleys in central India and the sub-Himalayan regions. The lithology includes fluviatile and lacustrine deposits with occasional marine and glacial beds. The succession is divided into upper, middle, and lower sections based on differences in climate and fossil plant assemblages. Coal seams are an economically important resource found primarily in the lower Gondwana.

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    Gondwana Supergroup

    STRATIGRAPHY
    Stratigraphy Gondwana Supergroup

    Introduction

    The name “Gondwana” was introduced by H. B. Medlicott


    in 1872 after the ancient Kingdom of Dravidian Gonds in
    Central India.
    It comprises essentially continental succession of
    sandstones and shales with coal seams, remains of fossil
    plants and animals along with marine imprints at places.
    Stratigraphy Gondwana Supergroup

    Distribution

    The name “Gondwana” are occurs in series of narrow


    faulted trough which are arranged mainly along three
    linear tracts-
    1. Along the Son-Damodar valley
    2. Mahanadi Valley
    3. Along the Godavari-Wardha valley
    In addition the gondwana rocks are also found in the sub
    Himalayan regions of Kashmir, Sikkim and Assam.
    Stratigraphy Gondwana Supergroup

    Lithology

    The name “Gondwana” rocks are 6-7 km. thick


    succession.
    Mainly fluviatile and lacustrine deposits
    However a glacial deposits occur at the base, and the
    intercalation of the fossiliferous marine beds occur in the
    lower and upper parts of the succession.
    The chief rock types are sandstone, shale, clay
    ,conglomerate and coal seams.
    In addtion to these rocks upper gondwana succession
    contains about 600 meters thick lava flows.
    Stratigraphy Gondwana Supergroup

    Structures

    1.Tilted not folded


    2.Faults are common
    Stratigraphy Gondwana Supergroup

    Startigraphic Classification

    Three fold(D.N.Wadia,1926)- on the basis of difference in


    lithology formed in different climatic conditions-
    Upper—Milder temperature and humid condition
    Middle-Dry clime condition
    Lower –Humid subtropical
    Stratigraphy Gondwana Supergroup

    Startigraphic Classification

    Two fold(C.S.Fox.1931)- on the basis of assemblage of


    plant fossil-
    Upper-Ptilophyllum flora

    Lower –Glossopteris flora


    Stratigraphy Gondwana Supergroup
    Stratigraphy Gondwana Supergroup

    Igneous Intrusion

    Dolerite and Basalt and sill of micro-granite and


    lamprophyre.
    Stratigraphy Gondwana Supergroup

    Climatic condtions

    The climate of Gondwana period is very variable.


    Bottom-Glacial climate –Indicating Arkosic rock
    Lower gondwana-Humid Subtropical climate
    Triassic Gondwana-Dry climate-This climate was
    responsible for the disappearance of the Glossopteris
    Flora.
    Upper Gondwana-Warm moist climate
    Stratigraphy Gondwana Supergroup

    Coal

    Coal seams occur mostly in the lower gondwana.


    They are formed by the accumulation of the drifted plant
    material, carried down by the river and deposited in large
    swamps.
    The coal seams are mainly confined almost entirely to the
    Barakar and Raniganj formation.
    Stratigraphy Gondwana Supergroup

    Economic Minerals

    Coal
    Iron-ore-FERRUGINOUS SHALE
    Clay
    Building stone

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