Republic of the Philippines

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 Department of Education Quarter 1

Jimmy D. Bucar PhD Region VII – Central Visayas
09303917676
[email protected]
Schools Division of Bohol
BILAR NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Week 4
Yanaya, Bilar, Bohol

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)

(Second Semester, SY 2022 – 2023)

LESSON : 4.1
Competency : Design a research project related to daily life. (CS_RS11_IIIc-e 1)
Objective : Design a research project related to daily life.
Topic : Designing a Research Project
Reference : Practical Research 1 for SHS by Prieto, NG. (2017) et.al.,
Baraceros, E.L(2017) https://bit.ly/3oKbec0

Concept Notes

Since qualitative research mostly investigates the complexities of human situations, human
behavior, social phenomena and poses inquiries about events in daily life, this kind of research is
closely tied to reality.
Unlike quantitative research, qualitative research designs do not use hypotheses. They
merely state a problem or pose questions, the answers to which are explored lengthily and deeply
by way of varied research designs like the case study, ethnography, phenomenological approach,
and a host of others.
After data have been gathered through procedures like the interview, participant
observation, focus group discussions, and a lot more, data are subjected to analysis that requires
categorizing of data, coding, while at the same time, being attentive to themes that surface, which
could be the answers sought by the researcher.

DESIGNING A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH PROJECT

The first step in designing a qualitative research project is to form a general research
question. For example: Is the government’s response to violence against women and girls meeting
its human rights obligations?
The second step is to outline the key concepts relating to the research question. Key
concepts for the question stated above would be: What are the human rights obligations of a
state? What are women’s human rights? What is the government’s response to victims of violence
against women and girls?
The third step is to find meaningful, valid, and reliable indicators for measuring the concepts,
or determining how to measure the human rights violations faced by victims of violence against
women and girls. Human rights violations can be measured both positively (e.g. legislation, policies,
resources, the work of victim service organizations) and negatively (e.g. the actual incidences).
After deciding the concepts to be analyzed and their related indicators, it is necessary to
decide on the context of the research. It is important to adapt the monitoring project to the
monitor’s resources (time, money, staff, expertise). As a general rule, it is better to provide
comprehensive and well-researched information on a limited phenomenon in a limited area, than
to try to say something about everything and to fail to get beneath the surface.
After deciding what information to collect and where to collect it, monitors must decide
how to collect it. There are many ways to collect data in a qualitative research project, and
monitors should use more than one approach. For example, by interviewing police and service
providers, monitors can obtain information on policies and programs that exist, and on attitudes
towards victims of violence and the barriers, victims may encounter.
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Page

BILAR NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Address: Yanaya, Bilar, Bohol
School ID: 302818
Telephone No: (038)535-9128
E-mail: [email protected]
“Ensuring Quality Education, Affirming Excellence”
 Sources of Research Topic
This time, you already have ideas on some factors that affect your process of choosing a
researchable topic. It is also necessary for you to know where a good research topic may come
from. Knowing some sources of probable research topics could hasten your choosing; thereby,
freeing you from a prolonged time of pondering over a problem of knowing which problem is
good for you to research. The following can help you generate ideas about a good research
topic. (Silverman 2013)
1. Mass media communication – press (newspapers, ads, TV, radio, films, etc.)
2. Books, Internet, peer-reviewed journals, government publications
3. Professional periodicals like College English Language Teaching Forum, English Forum, The
Economist, Academia, Business Circle, Law Review, etc.
4. General periodicals such as Readers’ Digest, Women’s Magazine, Panorama Magazine,
Time Magazine, World Mission Magazine, etc.
5. Previous reading assignments in your other subjects
6. Work experience – clues to a researchable topic from full-time or part-time jobs, OJT (on-
the-job training) experience, fieldwork, etc.

Guidelines in choosing a research topic:

1. Interest in the subject matter
2. Availability of information
3. Timeliness and relevance of the topic
4. Limitations on the subject
5. Personal Resources

DESIGNING A RESEARCH PROJECT

SAMPLE:
Example: This investigation is conducted to determine the status of the teaching of
science in the high schools of the province of Bohol as perceived by the teachers and
students in science classes during the school year 2019-2020. The aspects looked into the
qualifications of teachers, their methods and strategies, facilities, forms of supervisory
assistance, problems, and proposed solutions to the problems.

To determine the
status of the Teaching
of Science in the public Survey Questionnaire
high schools of Clarin (Method to use)
District
(Purpose/s)
Qualifications of teachers,
their methods and
strategies, facilities, forms of
supervisory assistance, and
problems.
(Research Topic)

What is the status of

the Teaching of Science
in the high schools of Teachers and Students
Clarin District? (Target Respondents)
(Research Question)
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Page

BILAR NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Address: Yanaya, Bilar, Bohol
School ID: 302818
Telephone No: (038)535-9128
E-mail: [email protected]
“Ensuring Quality Education, Affirming Excellence”
 LESSON : 4.2
Competency : Write a research title
Objective : 1. Identify whether the title is acceptable or not
2. Write a research title according to areas of interest
Topic : Writing a Research Title

Concept Notes

WRITING A RESEARCH TITLE have to be used in the title, it is advisable to

spell them out.
Title is the gateway to the contents of a 4. Does not contain numerical values of the
scientific article. It is usually the first part of a parameters. There is generally no need to
manuscript that the editors and reviewers read. include numbers in the title.
Based on their understanding of the title, readers 5. It is line with the tenor of the paper. It is better
decide if the article is relevant to them or not. to avoid amusing or hilarious titles for
Similarly, readers who are browsing through a research article.
database get to see only the title. The first 6. It should be self-explanatory. If key words
impression created by the title, help them decide that are used for searching or indexing are
if there is a need to take a detailed look at the used in the title, the article is more likely to be
article. Hence, authors should take efforts to accessed.
choose an informative, appropriate, and catchy
title for their research article. Guidelines in the Formulation of the Research Title
1. Generally, the title is formulated before the
What is a research title? start of the research work. It may be revised
A research title is a product of real-world and refined later when needed or upon the
observations, dilemmas, wide reading, selective suggestion of the research committee.
viewing, meaningful interactions with significant 2. The title must contain the subject matter of
others, and deep reflections. The title of the the study, the locale of the study and the
research is the research problem or inquiry in population involved.
capsule form. It must clearly reflect the topic of 3. The title indicates what is expected to be
investigation and it must be original, clear, found inside the research report by stating
concise, or specific. Great care must be taken in the aspects of the subject matter to be
the formulation of the research title. studied.
4. It must be as brief and concise as possible.
Maximum of 15 words.
Functions of Title in Research Paper
5. Avoid using the terms “An Analysis of,” “A
1. Titles are expected to describe the content Study of,” “An Investigation of,” and the like.
of the paper, so that readers can have an All these things are understood to have
idea about what the paper is about and been done or to be done when research is
take decision regarding reading it. conducted.
2. A title should help differentiate that particular 6. If the title has more than one line, it must be
article from other papers on the topic. written like an inverted pyramid and all
3. Titles should catch and hold readers words should be capitalized.
attention, thereby enticing them to read the 7. The title must be stated in declarative form,
entire paper. not interrogative form.

Characteristics of a Research Title Some examples of Qualitative Research Title

1. Informs the reader accurately about the

1. Bagitong Tatay: A Case Study of Young
contents of the article. It is the foremost duty
Fatherhood
of the title that it would tell readers and not
mislead. 2. The Status of Teaching Science in Kalampus
2. Is simple, direct, clear, brief, and attractive. A Elementary School
good title should be interesting, easy to read 3. The Teaching of English in Quezon: moving
and understand and catchy. Forward or Backward?
3. Does not contain abbreviations or jargon.
Use of non-standard abbreviations in the title
distracts and disturbs readers. If acronyms

LESSON : 4.3
Competency : Provide the justifications/reasons for conducting the research
Objective : 1. Identify the factors that justify the conduct of qualitative research
2. Formulate justifications or reasons for conducting a research study
Topic : Justifications and Reasons for Conducting Qualitative Research
3
Page

BILAR NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Address: Yanaya, Bilar, Bohol
School ID: 302818
Telephone No: (038)535-9128
E-mail: [email protected]
“Ensuring Quality Education, Affirming Excellence”
 CONCEPT NOTES

Justifications and Reasons for Conducting factor is triangulation, which is the act of
Qualitative Research bringing more than one source of data to
bear on a single point.
Finding solutions, even tentative ones, on 4. Dependability. It refers to the researchers’
problems or issues encountered day to day by attempts to account for changing conditions
individuals, organizations, communities, industries, in the phenomenon chosen for study, as well
business, among others, is one of the best as change in the design created by
justifications for conducting qualitative research. increasing refined understanding of the
Helping make life happy, peaceful, and setting.
meaningful, productive, and progressive in 5. Conformability. It answers the question: Do
sustainable ways is the best justification. the data help confirm the general findings
To check whether a research study is and lead to the implications?
justified, Marshall and Rossman (1995) came up The five factors are assured when:
with a checklist. (See Attachment 1) ▪ the research design is explained well
▪ assumptions are stated
Factors that Justify Conduct of Qualitative ▪ there is much evidence from the raw
Research data to show the connection between
the findings presented and the real world
According to Lincoln and Guba (1985), ▪ the research questions is stated
the following are the factors for the soundness and ▪ the research study answers those
justification of qualitative studies: questions and leads to further questions
▪ data collection strategies are efficient
1. Credibility. It refers to the “truth value” of the ▪ evidences are presented and different
qualitative study, its applicability, consistency, methods are used to check the findings
and neutrality. ▪ participant observations are made of a
2. Validity. It refers to an in-depth description full cycle of activities, over a period of
that shows the complexities of variables and time
the embedding of interactions in data ▪ data are preserved and available for
derived from the setting. analysis
3. Transferability. It is the applicability of one set ▪ fieldwork analysis is documented and
of findings to another context. Under this meaning is derived from cross-cultural
perspectives

LESSON : 4.4
Competency : Indicate scope and delimitation of research
Objective : Identify the different variables and sub-variables of the study.
Topic : Write the scope and delimitation of one’s research study.

CONCEPT NOTES

The scope refers to how far the research area has explored and the parameters in which
the study will be operating. This means that one has to identify what the study is going to
cover and what it is focusing on.
Here is the information that one needs to include in writing the scope of the study.
1. General purpose of the study
2. Population or sample
3. Time or duration
4. Subject matters, topics, theories, variable/s
5. Area or locality covered in the study

Example: This investigation is conducted to determine the status of the teaching of

science in the high schools of the province of Bohol as perceived by the teachers and
students in science classes during the school year 2019-2020. The aspects looked into the
qualifications of teachers, their methods and strategies, facilities, forms of supervisory
assistance, problems, and proposed solutions to the problems.

What Has Been Included…

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Page

• General purpose of the study: to determine the status of the teaching of science

BILAR NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Address: Yanaya, Bilar, Bohol
School ID: 302818
Telephone No: (038)535-9128
E-mail: [email protected]
“Ensuring Quality Education, Affirming Excellence”
 • Population or sample: teachers and students
• Time or duration: school year 2019-2020
• Subject matter, variable: the teaching of science
• Topics (aspects) studied: qualifications of teachers, their methods and strategies,
facilities, forms of supervisory assistance, problems, and proposed solutions to the
problems
• Area or locality covered in the study: high schools of Bohol province

The delimitation of the study identifies and describes the various limitations that arose
during the design and conduct of the study. It limits the scope and outlines the
boundaries of the study.

The following may be the possible limitations that may arise from the research design
and methodology:
1. Sample size
2. Lack of available and reliable data
3. Lack of prior studies
4. Chosen data collection method
5. Nature of the information collected
6. Access
7. Time period
8. Bias
9. Language

When discussing limitations, be sure to…

• Describe each limitation in detailed but concise terms.
• Explain why each limitation exists.
• Provide the reasons why each limitation couldn’t be overcome using the
method/s chosen to gather the data.
• Assess the impact of each limitation in relation to the overall findings and
conclusions.
• If appropriate, describe how these limitations could point out to the need of further
research.

While the scope of the study defines the variables that are the focus of the research,
the delimitation of the study identifies the sub-variables and other variables that were not
considered for the study.

BILAR NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Address: Yanaya, Bilar, Bohol
School ID: 302818
Telephone No: (038)535-9128
E-mail: [email protected]
“Ensuring Quality Education, Affirming Excellence”